"Gungwa Shumba" - pokuvhiyiwa kubata Nazi Germany England

Hondo Britain uye "Operation Sea Shumba" anoreva akatadza kuedza kuti andobata Hitler Albion muna 1940. Vakakundikana tichibatsirwa Russia, ive kuti kukanzura kugadzirira zvose nokuda kumhara pamhenderekedzo Great Britain yakapiwa Führer January 9, 1941, apo vanhu vokuGermany vakanga vakamira Moscow, uye zvose mauto eGermany vakatanga kutumirwa hondo nyika yedu. Asi kana "Sea Shumba" - pokuvhiyiwa kuti vabate England, Hondo Britain (izwi akasuma kubudikidza pakunamata kuti Churchill) kunosanganisira chete Air Force muhondo uye kuedza kuti andobata ukuru German mumatenga pamusoro nyika.

Wokupedzisira kubata iri uranda Europe

Pashure pehondo, vamwe vakuru vemauto mukuru German raiti kuti Hitler kumbofunga nezvazvo kurwiswa pamusoro UK. Ungangove, pashure pokukundwa weuto French, aiva nechivimbo chokuti nyika Channel Tunnel yatova muhomwe yake. Uye haana kunzvenga njodzi England, France, uko mwedzi Führer masere akatungamirira "hondo tamba" kusvikira May 9, 1940, kana kwete hondo pamwe Russia. "Gungwa Shumba" - mashandiro, pamuviri sezvo kumhara pamusoro German dzepabonde - akabvumirwa July 16, 1940. Seeliwe zano rakanga - pakutanga 25 nemapoka vaifanira kuyambuka Chirungu Channel uye akasvika pamusoro Chirungu pamhenderekedzo pakati Dover uye Portsmouth.

Channel - chaivo kudzivirira England

Asi vazhinji vanoziva kuti kumhara - basa nengozi, uye "Gungwa Shumba" - kuvhiyiwa zvikuru zvarisingazivi, nekuti England aiva nezvikepe yakanaka chaizvo uye emakore ruzivo mune hondo wengarava. British Air Force vakaitawo ndakasimba. Kureva chikepe kumhara zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Saka, mumwe zvinoumba vehondo German, dzinova Army, kuti "Operation Sea Shumba" Kwabviswa. Kwakasarudzwa kutanga kuparadza kana kudzvinyirira RAF uye kubvisa Chirungu Channel. Musi mukutanga kushanda nguva dzose Kutamiswa. Chokwadi, Britain aifarira zvikuru kurwisa aHitler pamusoro Soviet Union uye nenzira dzose nayo kwaitsigirwa.

gadziriro zvakakura

"Gungwa Shumba", kushanda Kurwisa German musi Albion, zvose ano rakadzokororwa, zvinhu zvakagadziridzwa, musi pakutanga kuchinjwa. Kwakasarudzwa kuti haisi 25, uye mapoka 40 vachange mubasa kuyambuka Chirungu Channel, haizi pachitsuwa pamhenderekedzo izvo, vari kubatikana mumaguta kumahombekombe - Cherbourg uye reRotterdam, Calais uye Ostend, kuunganidza akawanda takayambuka zvivako - 1722 ngarava uye 471 kweva. Mukuwedzera, vokuGermany kutarisirwa kushandisa igwa muna 1161 uye 155 inokwana zviyero zviri mugungwa chokufambisa misha matani 3000-5000. Kusimbisa mbidzwa German Air Force (Luftwaffe), rubatsiro kuti aiva 13 kumahombekombe pfuti.

Hondo Britain

7-8 August akatanga kubhomba England, bumbiro zita - "Eagle bvuta» (Adlerangriffe). zuva rokutanga, ane bumbiro zita "Eagle Day» (Adlertag), vaiona yebasa kutanga musi Hondo Britain (kunyange kumwewo dziri September 13 mukuru musi pakutanga kushanda "yeGondo", yaiva chikamu Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika kumhara "Gungwa Shumba"). Operation mukutanga musi izvo asina kubvumirwa (kumhara, sezvo tichiziva, zvakare, haana kutora nzvimbo), anowanzonzi "akakundikana kusvetuka gungwa shumba." February 13, 1942, Admiral Raeder yaiva nguva yokupedzisira ndaiva hurukuro pamwe Fuehrer pamusoro kuvhiyiwa ichi, pashure pacho akanga pakupedzisira vakabviswa wenyaya.

The chaiyo kuchinja muhondo

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mumatsutso 1940, nechisimba kuvhiya muEngland kwave rescheduled kuti chitubu 1941. Chero kuchinzi zvino chakachinja muHondo Yenyika II, chete kumisa mauto aHitler pedyo Moscow uye kukundwa Stalingrad akaponesa Britain kubva varanda. Akavaponesa Sea uye nehondo wokuRussia kuti kukunda risingakanganwiki rakanzi British vakatambura kukundwa pashure kukundwa, uye mugwenga, uye kubva Mahombekombe dzavo. hurongwa yaHitler chete kumisa German tsamwisa pana Dunkirk uye akabvumira kuti kutakura varwi 330 zviuru hondo vatsigiri mhiri Channel.

mhepo parity

"Operation Sea Shumba" yakaitwa July 1940. Chaizvoizvo, kwete kumhara uye kubatwa zviri chitsuwa rudzi, uye kubhomba kweEngland, uyo aifanira kubvisa nzira pasi mauto. Asi nokushanda July 16, 1940 akabvumirwa, gwaro, uye aparadza January 9, 1941-ndipo zvachose. Operation "Eagle", varimowo muboka revaya 'Sea Lion ", akamira muna September, uye vokuGermany vakanga kubvuma kuti pakudzorwa mudenga uye vakasvika kuchengeta Luftwaffe, zvinokosha kumisa kubhomba muLondon uye nechisimba vanonoke nokusingaperi. Zvino, nokuda kwezvikonzero pachena, pfungwa iyi haina kudzoka.

Pakutanga kuparadzwa kwakakwana maguta European akaisa mumhepo

Saka akagumisa kuti "Operation Sea Lion". Kuvhiringidza nechisimba England chero zvazvingava haagoni kunzi kadhi kuti nyika chete. Kunyange zvazvo UK uye pavaiita mhepo rinopamura kuzorwa Germany, kwete Hitler vakarangana urongwa kurwiswa musi Russia, mu England, "kwete refu kushandiswa nziyo kutamba." Kunoparadza kubhomba kweLondon akanga pashure navhigesheni kwokukanganisa vezvikepe German, izvo zvakazoita hamuna mabhomba vakanga kwakadonha pamusoro mafekitari zvechiuto, riri weChicago guru British, uye mune yayo pakati. The British akaita ina tide kutsiva kurwisa Berlin. Uye kunyange kuparadzwa uye vakafa zviduku, uye Berliners kwete kutyisidzira, asi akashamisika, Hitler akanga dzinoronga uye akarayira hombe kubhomba ndiyo guta guru England, yakatanga musi 7 September. Nezuva iroro England chiratidzo yakarira "Cromwell", anonyevera pamusoro kutanga nechisimba mauto eGermany. On September 7 kubhombiwa vaiva akasimba uye akaita kuparadzwa mukuru, 9 September - zvishoma chinokosha 15th - kunyange zvishoma. 17 September mu nepagungwa zvengarava muGermany, iyo dismantling michina akaronga kuti inogumbura. VokuGermany chizadzike nounyanzvi mudenga, uye pave "Sea Lion". Asi hazvigoni anoonekwa somunhu kukunda mauto eGermany uye yakachinja muhondo. The zvakawanda saka nokuti vokuGermany havana kurega zvimwe kubhomba, uye guta Coventry rakaparadzwa pasi pamakore 1940-1942.