Emagandanga hondo muna 1812 pakurwisa mauto Napoleon raMwari

Remagandanga Hondo 1812 ndiyo hondo nezvombo zvavo yeRussian wehurumende, vakawanda vanhuwo zvavo, uyewo Russian hondo mauto neshure uye zvinokosha zvivako pamusoro Napoleon nemauto.

Vanhuwo zvavo vakatanga nomuzvarirwo unokuvadza nechisimba muna Belarus uye Lithuania mushure shure weHondo Russian. Remagandanga hondo pakutanga kwakunoitwa musarudzo Kuramba misha uye kuparadzwa dyisa uye zvokudya. Achishingaira remagandanga sangano vakatanga kuva mukupera July-mangwanani August muna Smolensk, uye zvadaro Kaluga uye Moscow enyika, izvo ine mapoka varimi zvaironga pane mamwe mapoka muvengi.

Vakarumbidzwa zvikuru mukurumbira makrusedhi anokwana zviyero S. Emelyanov, G. Kurin, V. Polovtsev, E. Chetvertakova V. Kozhina nevamwe. pakutanga umambo aionekwa pamwe kusavimba emagandanga sangano. Asi pamusoro colour kubva dzokutsigira nyika nechido, vamwe landlords vakatanga kuronga murimi mudiki remagandanga dzakabatana. Army zvidzidzo dzakatangwa kuitisa remagandanga kuvhiyiwa shure muvengi mitsetse. chikwata yokutanga yakadaro, rine vanhu 130, vakarongwa maererano Colonel D. Davidov pakazopera August 1812.

Kukosha remagandanga hondo muna 1812 raiva mukuru mukuru, MI Kutuzov, kubatsira kusikwa emagandanga mauto anokwana zviyero, kupa mirayiridzo yavo nzira uye zvombo. Akatsvaka nechokwadi kuti emagandanga hondo yakanga akaisa yayo inokosha zvirongwa uye akapfekwa akarongeka. Muna September weuto mapoka emagandanga zvaisanganisira 36 regiments Cossack 7 vamabhiza regiments, 5 inifanduri regiments 5 squads, 3 rechiuto. Army mauto vanotungamirirwa Data vakuru vakadai DV Davydov, AN Seslavin, IS Dorokhov, MA Fonvizin, AS Figner nevamwe.

A vakawanda vezvikwata inobatanawo partisans mauto zviumbu kana interacts navo. Remagandanga muhondo ari kushingaira mubasa varwi. Muna September uye mangwanani October, mapoka emagandanga (murimi mudiki uye mauto) rakanga rakapoteredzwa Moscow. Vakaita kurwiswa pamusoro kukurukurirana romuvengi, vakabata uye akaparadza convoys foragers. Great kukosha akanga dzakabatanidzwa ruzivo pamusoro muvengi kuti rakabva mapoka emagandanga, uyo akaronga kurwisa mapoka avarwi muvengi uye reserves. Uye mauto avo vakakwanisa yokusunungura maguta akawanda (somuenzaniso, Vereya).

Mavhiki shanu kubva pakasiyiwa hondo Borodino, mumwe guerilla hondo kwakakonzera chinokosha kuvadza Napoleonic mauto (30 000 vanhu vakaurayiwa). Panguva iyoyo, apo muvengi akadzokera, ivo guerrillas vakabatsira vachishingaira kuhondo dzose pakutsvaka uye kubviswa mauto muvengi, apo achitamba basa guru pokukundwa Napoleon nemauto.

Nokuti zvemashoko munhu varimi paakavapa muchimiro St. George nemamwe michinjikwa, asi kazhinji, avo zvipo harina anoongwa. Chinonyanya kuchiva mubayiro panguva kuti vanhuwo zvavo kungadai Chokwadi, kubviswa serfdom. Zvisinei, vakabvumirwa zvikasaitika.