Dzheyms Dzhoys: Biography, mabhuku nhaka

Dzheyms Dzhoys, ane Biography chinorondedzerwa munyaya ino, ndiye mumiririri inozivikanwa kwazvo modernism kuIreland. basa rake chaiko akava chihombe kwakabatsira nyika tsika remakore rechi20.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Joyce akaberekwa muna 1882 kumaodzanyemba muDublin, munzvimbo Rathgar. mhuri yake yakanga yakakura kwazvo (vana gumi). Baba Dzhon Dzhoys akanga pakutanga mubasa mubhizimisi mhuri - waini kutengeserana. Asi sezvo ari havaratidzi aiziva muzvinhu, akakurumidza kusauka. Aifanira kuwana hofisi mutero. Kazhinji, basa basa haana huruva, asi kwakanga John haana kugara kwenguva refu. Pashure paizvozvo, aiwanzotaura achinja mabasa. Pamwe chete nomukadzi wake Meri Dzheyn, vaifanira kufamba kakawanda, saka James ari muduku aigara dzinenge nzvimbo dzose muDublin.

Kutaura zvazviri, basa rose kuti mhuri dzakawira pamapfudzi mai. Aiva nomwero mudyandigere, izvo zvose akararama. John-playboy hakuiti kunyonganisa izvi. Zvinonzi chaizvo sei vana vose vari mumhuri, uyo akaberekwa kusada kuna baba vake pachake. Gare gare, muna mabasa Joyce, manzwiro aya achange akaratidza.

Pasinei urombo uye kukanganisika mhuri, mukomana akakwanisa kuwana dzidzo yakanaka. Pazera remakore matanhatu akanga atumira wechechi yeRoma College Klongouz Woods. Uye hwakatamisirwa Belvedere mumakore gumi nerimwe. Muna 1897, dzidzo post-chesekondari, Dzheyms Dzhoys ndanyoresa paUniversity muDublin (Royal), kwaakanga kudzidza muna 1902.

bhuku rokutanga

Dzheyms Dzhoys, uyo Biography kunoratidza kuti zvirokwazvo unyanzvi munyori, kubva chikoro wake aida mabhuku uye mutauro. Zvaiva pakarepo pachena kuti ichi hachisi kwechokwadi.

Kunyora muduku James akanga avimbiswa vasati vapinda wechechi yeRoma College. Asi ava nemakore mapfumbamwe, iye akasika detembo, iri zvinoorora directness uye kubudirana pachena. Iye kuigara kuna Charles Parnell, mutungamiriri yekusunungura sangano iri Ireland, uye bhururu wake Timoti Hili, uyo akatengesa shamwari yake, somugumisiro yaakanga akafa.

Nhetembo yakanga inoparadzirwa baba munyori, asi bhuku, zvinosuruvarisa haana kurarama.

Pandaidzidza paUniversity Joyce akanyora rondedzero pamusoro wake kufarira munyori Genrihe Ibsene "Drama uye Life". Yaiva diki muchidimbu basa. Papera gore Joyce akatanga kudhinda iri nomukurumbira inonzi London "The-vhiki mbiri Wongororo". bhuku rake rokutanga kwaiva nyaya Ibsen kuti mutambo "New Drama". Pokuda munyori une muripo wakanaka, asi chinokosha chaiva kurumbidzwa munyori wemitambo kwaari.

Uyewo muna 1900 akanyora mutambo "chinopenya basa". Harisi kutevedzera Ibsen nyore.

Zvichitevera kufa Ruskin Joyce nyaya "Korona emiorivhi yomusango" yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi apo munyori hurukuro pamusoro kutapwa yakakurumbira wokuEngland.

Kubvira 1901, kunyanya kuita shanduro (somuenzaniso, Hauptmann kuti "asati Sunrise").

Muna October 1902, James akakwanisa kusangana Yates. Semvura yokuteverera, edu vanoda munyori vakaita chaizvo nokuzvikudza. Zvechokwadi, Joyce aiita maitiro ichi, asi izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kuva nengoni uye nomutsa kuvanhu.

Paris

Saka Joyce kudzidza University. iye dambudziko vakamira pamberi: zvokuita inotevera? 'S nemafungiro kwenguva yakati nezvazvo, akasarudza kuti aida kuita mushonga. Ndokusaka zviri pakutanga December 1902 vakaenda Paris.

Dzheyms Dzhoys, ane Biography dzimwe nguva zvinoshamisa, ari kupfuura kudanana guta munyika akakurumidza vakakanganwa chinangwa chake kushanya. Medicine chaizvo weathered kubva musoro wake.

Anova wenguva paNational Library, anoverenga chaizvo uye anofunga. Kubva pfungwa idzi vakazoguma nhetembo muunganidzwa "Chamber mumhanzi" uye prose anoshanda, yaakakudanirai "Epiphany," Dzheyms Dzhoys pachake. Muchidimbu pfungwa iyi zvinoratidzwa "Stephen Hero" (yokufungidzira munyori) uye runozivisa mukutanga Joyce kuti aesthetic dzidziso.

Uyezve, James akatuma zvinhu uye bhuku wongororo kuchitsuwa, ainyorwa "muDublin Daily Express".

Pakati 1903 anofa amai Joyce. Yokupedzisira mwedzi mwanakomana wake aiva muDublin. Asi pamusana nokusawirirana pane zvavanotenda (Joyce akaramba chitendero), pashure tichisiya mai Ndaizvipa mhosva uye akatanga kumudzipa nawo doro.

Kubvira 1904, akatanga basa iri guru rokutanga basa - ". A Hero pamusoro Steven" ari yokufungidzira In zvakafanana, kushanda nhetembo, iyo gare gare vachamutswawo ari kuunganidzwa "Dubliners".

June 10 zvinoitika musangano yenhamo muna Joyce muupenyu. Akasangana mudzimai wake weramangwana, Nora. Panguva iyoyo, iye aishanda musikana pahotera. Kubvira pazuva iroro, ivo vanenge kumbobvira kuparadzaniswa.

Panguva iyi, James anonyora uye rinobudisa mumagazini yakawanda nyaya. Uye pakupedzisira, pamwe Nora, akaenda kuEurope, kusvikira yakaoma.

Muna 1905, munyika Trieste, vaviri vane mwanakomana Giorgio, uye muna 1907 - mwanasikana Lucia. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti musikana akaberekwa muchipatara varombo. Joyce vari akaoma mari nechinzvimbo, pasinei nokuti baba mhuri uye basa rakawanda nesimba. The muunganidzwa "Dubliners" hapana aida kubudisa, kunyanya kuIreland. Aionekwa unpatriotic, uye vanobudisa paruzhinji kumanikidzwa yakatotanga akarayira kupisa makopi vakagadzirira okutengesa.

Zurich

Nokuda yatanga World Joyce anomanikidzwa kuenda Zurich, apo vacharamba kusvikira 1919. James akanga Wakatotanga ushande yokufungidzira kukosha muupenyu - ". Ulysses"

Upenyu Zurich akanga akakurumbira nokuda chokwadi kuti pano munyori dzakaguma kushanda rimwe mabasa ake zvakanakisisa - ". A Portrait of Artist seMunhu Young" bhuku Zvimwe zvitsauko kare kutongoona chiedza, asi yose shanduro haana kugadzirira.

"A Portrait of Artist seMunhu Young"

nganonyorwa iyi James Joyce kuti autobiographical. Akadzokorora kubva kare zvakanyorwa "Stephen Hero."

Bhuku yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1916 muUnited States, nemhaka nokuedza Hariett shamwari Joyce Weaver, aimbova mupepeti "Egoist". Zvino yakabudiswa Austria uye dzimwe nyika.

Munyori rinotsanangura chidzoke ari gamba nezita Stiven Dedal, uyo mu "Ulysses," iri yokufungidzira vachaonekwa ramangwana. Dzheyms Dzhoys akati nezvounhu sezvo ake Alter-aonekwe nevamwe. Daedalus chete chokwadi chokwadi postulates weKatorike uye yakarurama pamusoro umhare evanhu vemazuva ano kuIreland.

"Ulysses"

Kusvikira muna 1922 mune mamwe magazini kubva musoro yokufungidzira itsva Joyce. Asi nokukurumidza, kunyange muUnited States yakarambidza kuti kusunungurwa. MuBritain, moratorium kusvikira 1936. Pakupedzisira, bhuku rakabudiswa muna Paris. Akanga asunungurwa musi February 2 - zuva kuberekwa nemunyori.

Aigona munyori akarota ipapo kuti zvaiva basa rake rinonzi chakaderedzwa mutengo kuti modernism kuti achagamuchira zvepamusoro ake "Ulysses"? Dzheyms Dzhoys akaita izvi hapana mubvunzo! Zvaakasika Zvaifadza polystylistic basa, vakazadzwa munhoroondo, kwouzivi rwevanhu tsika uye zvimwe zvinhu. Pasinei nyore rangano, kuti yokufungidzira chinoshamisa zvechokwadi uye nemamwe.

Zvirongwa maviri kunzwisisa zvakanga Dzheyms Dzhoys. Anotevedzana tafura yakabudiswa muna 1931 S. Gilbert mubhuku-kudzidza "Ulysses" Joyce ".

"Finnegans Wake"

Muna 1923, munyori anotanga basa iri mikuru basa rake rokupedzisira. akadana basa iri "The Thing basa."

Dzheyms Dzhoys, ane Biography nguva dzose kuwana kufungisisa mumabhuku ake, akati kuti kunyora nhoroondo yenyika. Kubva 1927 akatanga kubudisa zvitsauko ane yokufungidzira itsva.

Muna July 1931, James pamutemo anoroora Nora (uye izvi pashure pemakore 27 ukama!). Uye mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, vaiva muzukuru ainzi Stephen.

Muna 1939 ndakaona kusunungurwa ane experimental yokufungidzira, zvakanyorwa Nzira kuti "Rwizi pfungwa". Sezvingatarisirwa, raiva munyori Dzheyms Dzhoys. Books chokukukatyamadzai muverengi zvikasaitwa. "Finnegans Wake" rinoumbwa zvachose kuti puns, neologisms rinovira, munyori anoshandisa mitauro yakawanda kunyora, saka kuti kamwe uye kwete kuudza chii chaiva kuda.

Pamutemo, iri chiito kunoitika chete usiku muna muDublin, iri yokufananidzira pamwero - iyi ndiyo nhoroondo yose nyika.

kushanda

Muna January 1941, pashure pokuvhiyiwa kubvisa gastric urikanwi, anofa Dzheyms Dzhoys. Quotes kubva mumabhuku ake rakadhindwa muna zvose magazini, asi zvino ari obituary chikamu. Yaiva rinorema akundwa mhuri uye vose mafeni kumunyori.

Upenyu hwake uye basa akanga zvakawanda pamusoro pemafungiro zvakadai kunoshamisa vaimbi Dzhon Apdayk, Borges, Beckett. basa rake chaiko akanga dzinoongororwa ambiguously zvose muupenyu uye pashure porufu. Asi chinhu chimwe anoramba achitsungirira - Dzheyms Dzhoys akaita kunze kumukira zvakakwana tsika munyika.