Chii chaiva zita Gogol? Interesting zvinhu paupenyu Gogol

Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol - imwe yakakurumbira Classics mabhuku Russian. Biography wake yakafukidzwa zvakavanzwa. Zvichida ichi zvakakanganisa nyanduri uye prose mabasa, nokuti mabasa ake muzerewo zvitendwa.

The asinganzwisisiki nyaya Gogol

upenyu Gogol aiva akapfuma uye azere dzakaipisisa nguva. Munguva upenyu Nyanduri watarisana norunyerekupe, kazhinji embellished. Zvikonzero izvi vazhinji: Gogol aizivikanwa somunhu akavharwa, akapotsa vakanyarara kubva muvanhu. Uye kunyange pashure porufu rwake kwave anopfuura rimwe nehafu emakore, kusvikira zuva rino pamusoro hwake zvinenge hapana anozivikanwa.

Gogol, zvinonakidza zvinhu zvoupenyu izvo kuramba akasvinura nhasi, akanga atsausa mythologizing kwake Biography. Saka nemaune vakanyarara pamusoro hwake, uye kunyange kukwira nyaya kumbobvira zvaitika kwaari muupenyu chaihwo.

Mhuri huru munyori uye munyori wemitambo

Unoziva sei kuti zita Gogol here? Nezvirahwe vakamukomba kubva pakuzvarwa. Mudetembi vaibva anoremekedzwa vanokudzwa mhuri Gogol-Jankowski, zvaibva remakore rechi17. Mhuri ngano ane kuti muvambi mhuri Ukrainian Cossack akanga Kuda Gogol - hetman Ezvakanaka-Bank Ukraine.

baba Gogol vake - Vasily Gogol Afanasievich-Jankowski. Basil Afanasievich aiva munyori, mudetembi uye munyori wemitambo. mabasa avo (kazhinji kacho anotambira dzemitambo diki) akanyora muna wokuUkraine. Izvi zvakakanganisa njodzi wechiduku Nikolai, uyo urombo akarasika baba vake mangwanani zvikuru - mukomana akanga haawanzotauri makore 15 okuberekwa panguva yorufu rwake.

mai vake aiva nyanduri uye novelist Maria Ivanovna Gogol. Kuti anonzi "chaikonzera" chitandadzo mwanakomana rezvitendero uye zvitendwa. Mukuwedzera Nikolai mumhuri dzavo vakanga vana gumi. Gogol aiva wechitatu, uye chokwadi mwana mukuru mumhuri - vana vaviri vokutanga vakaberekwa vakafa.

Oupenyu chakavanzika shasha chikuru: Chii chaiva zita Gogol

Sezvo zita Gogol? Pasinei chokwadi kuti ichi oupenyu chokwadi sohunobishairira kukurukurwa dzakaitika uye biographers, pakuzvarwa, sezvo isu tose, mudetembi ainzi Nikolai. Asi vashoma vanoziva kuti kuzvarwa mukomana ainzi Yanovsky. Zviya, nemakore 12 ainakidza emutauro wekuRussia aipfeka munhu hyphenated zita: Gogol-Yanovsky. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munyori, asingazivi nhoroondo kwakabva zita iri, akaukanda nokuti vakafunga akazogadzira Poles.

Zvino kuti munoziva zita pakuzvarwa Gogol vake, achakuudzai zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu paupenyu Gogol.

The matambudziko pauduku okugadzira zvinhu Gogol

Great munyori wemitambo wake muduku vakapedza mumusha. Mukomana yairamba achinyatsotaurira zviri kuitika kuUkraine upenyu. Uye pamusoro poupenyu vanhuwo zvavo uye vashandi aiziva zvakawanda nezvoupenyu munhu aikudzwa. Chakasimudzira sei vakawanda mabasa Gogol. Akanga chaizvo chaizvo musi Ukrainian tsika uye nhoroondo. Kunyange akaenda St Petersburg, muduku munyori haana kurega kuti muzadze ruzivo rwavo - mutsamba, akakumbira amai vake kuti vandoudza zvakawanda pamusoro upenyu murimi mudiki uye Pana.

Kufarira mabhuku uye unyanzvi zvavo yakabuda mukomana mangwanani zvakakwana - mumakore ake kuchikoro. Somudzidzi rokusekondari, akanga kwazvo inopisa mudzidzi yemitambo, izvo zvakasikwa neshamwari dzake.

mazuva School munyori

Pazera makore gumi, vabereki vechiduku Nicholas akamuendesa Nezhinskaja chikoro. Zvinosuruvarisa kwavari, mukomana haasi kuita zvakanaka kuchikoro, asi kune pamwero mukuru ichi chave kupfungwa waini.

Paiva nezvinetso kudzidza mabhuku Russian. mudzidzisi pasi anoramba kukosha mune tsika evanyori panguva uye vadetembi akadai Pushkin uye Zhukovsky. Mugumisiro nzira iyi yaiva kufarira zvechokwadi vadzidzi kuti kudanana mabhuku remakore rechi19.

Inotungamirwa N. V. Gogolya somunhu munyori

Ndapedza kubva jimunasiyamu muna 1828, ari Classic akaenda kuguta mikana guru - Petersburg. Danho iri upenyu yazova chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma muupenyu hwake, asi panguva imwe chete uye chinonyanya zvibereko. Yevarombo, akasiya kwaari mai vake, mumwe noblewoman kuupenyu muguta guru, kwangopera zvakakwana, uye Gogol akatora vehurumende kuti nokukurumidza wakangosuruvara naye.

Zvino Nikolai Gogol akapinda mabhuku. mabasa ake rokutanga kubudiswa pasi mazita, vave vanotsigira kuruzhinji, uye nezano munyori ukabudira vachitsvaka upenyu huri nani. Zvisinei, akagara ikoko chete mwedzi mumwe, achibva adzokera St. Petersburg.

Maererano zvaanorumbidza zveramangwana shasha wokuRussia mabhuku, upenyu hwezuva nezuva uye tsika Ukrainian vanhu akakwezva kwete chete Ukrainians, asiwo Russian. Panguva iyoyo pfungwa dzake akatanga kutora kuumba zano yakakurumbira "manheru ari Farm pedyo Dikanka". The Jaya akaramba akabvunza mai vake, anogara mumusha, kuti kumuudza pamusoro zvisingazivikanwi Ukrainian tsika uye tsika Ukrainian ngano, manyoro uye zvokupfeka. Zvose izvi kwakamubatsira zvizere uye zvakarurama kutotaura Little Russian mumusha uye nevagari vayo.

Muna 1830, chiedza unodzima wokutanga anobudirira yemudzimu Gogol "manheru pamusoro avaida Ivana Kupala" rakadhindwa muna "Anocherechedza of Yababa", 1830. Asi mukurumbira chaiyo uye kuzivikanwa Vakauya nemukomana muvambi "manheru ari Farm pedyo Dikanka", "May Night" uye "Sorochintsy Fair".

Kubvira upenyu emunyori hwaJobho hwachinja.

Chii chakaita pakusikwa Gogol?

In kwema1830 Nikolai vakasangana P. A. Pletnevym, V. A. Zhukovskim uye A. S. Pushkinym, iyo kuramba uchiumba mabhuku kusikwa Gogol.

Zvose muupenyu mabhuku Classics vakawana kufungisisa mabasa ake. Nokufamba kwenguva, akava zvakawanda mukusanzwisisa upenyu guru. Somugumisiro, chiedza akabuda, "St. Petersburg Stories", zvinosanganisira 5 nyaya:

• "Nevsky Tariro".
• "The jazi"
• "Diary ane anopenga."
• "Mufananidzo".
• "The Mhuno."

Collection vakabatana kwete chete nevakawanda dambudziko, asiwo nevakawanda Nzvimbo chiito - guta St. Petersburg, apo N. V. Gogol akararama.

Cherechedzai pamabasa ake, munyori akapa mufananidzo St. Petersburg. guta rino akanyora zhinji: Vanyori uye vadetembi. Kwavari, Petersburg aisangova guta - raiva chiratidzo chete Russia itsva uye ayo ramangwana rakajeka.

Vashoma mamuka mabasa ake dingindira duality guru. Vanhu vachiona sezvo kwete chete "Grad Petrov", asiwo utiziro zvakaipa. Mukuru mudetembi yendarama zera, A. S. Pushkin, mumwe yokutanga yakaratidza kuti unoreva zvakawanda pamusoro "guta riri Neva." Iye se "guta kwazvo, guta varombo."

Kunyanya zvakajeka dambudziko iri kutaurwa "Nevsky Tariro". Nokuti kubwinya mukuru mumugwagwa yakavigwa yaparara tariro, matambudziko zvavo vomunyika. Munyaya guta hanya matambudziko vanhu - vose vanomhanya nemari uye pamisara. Pfungwa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa guru kare kuparadzwa. Pfungwa yakafanana wakadziura uye N. V. Gogol. Zvarongwa mabasa mazhinji riri kuwedzera St. Petersburg: zviri zvakawanda uye "The Mhete" uye "Diary ane anopenga", "The jazi" uye "Nevsky Prospekt". Petersburg Gogol - zororo mumugwagwa vana uye varombo namachinda. mufananidzo uyu anodzivisa kwakajairika mufananidzo guru - the youmbozha, usimbe, anodzimaidza uchenjeri kwayo.

Ukuwo, Gogol kuti guta - guta apo zvitendwa uye chokwadi kurarama somunhu.

Mirgorod muupenyu uye basa Gogol

Kunyange zvazvo St. Petersburg uye vakaita basa rinokosha pakuita mabasa Gogol, nzvimbo yokutanga nayo vakatora kuUkraine ngano. Kuwedzera kune izvi mabasa anoshamisa akadai "manheru ari Farm pedyo Dikanka" uye "May Night", munyori akanyora zvimwe nyaya yechitendero, zvakanga zvabatanidzwa kupinda dzakaunganidzwa "Mirgorod". Gogol hazvishamisi akasarudza kuti muunganidzwa wake zita iri: guta Myrhorod anooneka mubasa rake "The zvakaedza sei Ivan Ivanovich vakakavadzana Ivan Nikiforovich".

Uyewo muunganidzwa ichi zvinosanganisira mamwe mabasa kuti vanozivikanwa kwatiri kuchikoro:

• "Wii."
• "Taras Bulba".
• "Old World Varidzi".

Sei chaizvo Mirgorod? Gogol nemaune akasarudza nzvimbo iyi. Akanga asiri kure nomusha Great Sorochintsy, apo majaya Nicholas vakapedza pauduku hwake uye kuyaruka. Chete musha zvakare mukufambisira basa rake "Sorochintsy Fair".

Pazvose muUkraine, kunyanya munharaunda Mirgorod nhasi kukudza kuyeuka countryman kukuru. Kwose kwose unogona kuonekwa kwete chete Zvivako kuna munyori, asi migwagwa, hotels, Motels, dzinoungana, zvipatara, mumaraibhurari, ainzi mune kukudzwa kwake.

The mavambo pamusoro Gogol kuti nyaya

Aongorora ose zvinogona nevamwe zvakananga Features Gogol. Vamwe nguva muupenyu munyori nhasi zvinonamatwa makakatanwa, asi pamabasa avo Gogol zvakanga zvakarurama uye yakananga chaizvo.

Okusika werudzii munyori chiri kucherechedzwa chaizvo. Ndizvo yokusiyana tsamba yake kuna Gogol akabvumira kuva mumwe vanyori makurusa Golden Age. detembo rake rokutanga "Ganz Kyuhelgarten", raakanga rakabudiswa pasi rekunyepedzera, kwakakundikana. Chikonzero ichi chaiva vachiedza kunyora detembo iri manyorero dzorudo Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo.

enganonyorwa kwaachazoita vakanga akanyorwa mune kudanana tsika, asi vari kutanga kubuda rakasiyana kwehunhu Gogol paainyora. Papera chinguva, munhu munyori, kufurirwa Pushkin, kosi pamusoro yakaoma realism. Kunyange zvazvo Gogol wakamuona chipangamazano wake, haana kumboedza kuita muenzaniso mabasa Pushkin vake.

mabasa mukupera emunyori ainyatsoona munzanga nemunhu. Gogol aiva mumwe wokutanga anogona zvakarurama kuratidza musimboti dambudziko racho "murume muduku" iri uori Russian. Iye nounyanzvi vaishora anonyadzisira uye simbe murume ano, fukura zvemagariro kupokanidzana nguva.

Special nzeve vari vokutanga mabasa Nikolai. mabasa awa kugoverana zvakafanana kucherechedzwa zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, chakavanzika uye dzorudo, upenyu uye "vapenyu" tsanangudzo wokuUkraine upenyu, anotaura Ukrainian ngano.

nechido kwakadaro zvikuru zvakasikwa: emunyori uduku muna Ukraine. Kwemakore akawanda, upenyu hwake hwakanga zvakabatana chaizvo wokuUkraine tsika uye tsika. Mumabasa aya, inozikanwa pane mystique - vanotarisika kwazvo sezvinoita kwetarisiro rungano. Mune zvaakanyora, Gogol nounyanzvi aibatanidza chokwadi uye risingazivikanwi otherworldly simba - pedyo Ukrainian vanhu akararama nyore uye varoyi uye mermaids, uye kunyange madhimoni.

shasha rufu

Vazhinji mibvunzo pamusoro upenyu munyori mukuru uye asinganzwisisiki hanya nevanhu pfungwa. Chii chaiva zita Gogol? Akanga akaroora? Pane vazukuru vake? Asi mubvunzo mukuru achiri kutadza kunzwisisa uye kukonzera yakawanda gakava - chinokonzera rufu Gogol.

Kusvikira zvino, hapana munhu anogona kunyatsotaura kuti chiedza wakasiya shasha iyi mabhuku pfungwa. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare zhinji, biographers uye nyanzvi chaiko kuisa mberi shanduro kwavo rufu rwake. Mumwe vanhuwo zvikuru, asi harisati kuwanikwa nokusimbisa shanduro inoti munyori akavigwa mupenyu.

Chokwadi ichi chinotyisa kusiyana pamusoro chaiwo rufu kwakatangwa muna 1931. Sezvo kumakuva apo akavigwa, akanga liquidated, kwakasarudzwa kuti rebury nayo. Pamusangano mhemberero wakapindwa nevanyori vazhinji vakakurumbira, uye kana pabhokisi yakavhurwa, zvapupu pamwe nokutya akawana kuti Gogol kuti marangwanda akanga nekurara musoro wake akatendeukira rimwe divi.

nhau iyi aita vakanyorerana kakawanda kukurukurirana kwete mabhuku uye nhoroondo kwezvakatipoteredza, asi pakati vanhuwo zvavo. Somugumisiro, mashoko Chiitiko ane zvichinzwisisika: wokutanga kuva kuorera mazviri muitiro divi pabhokisi mapuranga, uye pabhokisi pachifunhiro charo, usina rutsigiro simba, rinotanga vomanikidza musoro chitunha, zvichiita kuti vatendeukire "Atlantov" vertebra. Maererano nenyanzvi kuvigwa, zvakajairika tsika, uye Gogol haasi wokutanga, mumwe pashure kuvigwa inowanikwa mamiriro ichi.

Mamiriro rakaoma nokuti mukuru kutya Nikolai kuvigwa mupenyu. Kunyange muupenyu hwake, akaona kuti hurumende iri pasi vanonzi "lethargy" ave pavakanzwa nyika yakatipoteredza haisi kuwanikwa, mwoyo DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA zvikuru, uye kurova kwemwoyo haasisiri palpable. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, akaita kuda umo akarayira akamuviga chete kana zviratidzo kuva pachena chitunha manyowa. Izvi akapa Legend romunyori kuvigwa mupenyu kunyange mukuru chakavanzika.

Mumwe, kwete kuti kutyisa shanduro rufu Classics - chepfu calomel (zvinodhaka nemekiyuri tubhokisi kushandiswa muzana remakore rechi19). Munyori pachake ndaisatana kubatira zvirwere zvakawanda, uye saka vari kubatwa zvakasiyana vanachiremba. Zviri kukanganisa wezvokurapa aigona kuti vakurumidze kufa Gogol.

Ichangobva shanduro ndiyo inonyanya mukurumbira, asi zvakadaro hauna kuzivikanwa somunhu mukuru.

Saka, zvinofungidzirwa kuti Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol akafa nokuda kuneta kunokonzerwa nzara. Contemporary Classics akabvuma kuti akanga asingatani zvokuora mwoyo inoti uye kunyanya kuda chitendero, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuchengeta anozviramba mararamiro uye kuramba kwenyama mafaro.

Vakatevera yakunda mweya pamusoro pomuviri Gogol nenzara pachangu kuramba kuramba zvokudya. A vhiki pamberi pakutanga muLent akatora mutongo kusiya basa, zvokudya uye kuti dzisanyanya nevanhu vanhu.

Asati afa akapisa zvavo, sezvo iye anotsanangura, "pasi pokudzora ane mweya wakaipa." Mazuva maviri asati afa emunyori nemamiriro hwaipa - akatora nhovo dzake uye paakasindimara akaramba chero rubatsiro pfungwa akagadzirira rufu. Vanachiremba havana kurega kuedza kurapa munyori, asi February 21, 1852 Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol kufa.

Zvino Gogol akavigwa panguva Moscow Novodevichy Cemetery. Munyori vakashaya muna noupwere, asi, sezvo mabhuku mutsoropodzi VA Nikolaev, ndiye "rufu, huine chinangwa zvomudzimu," uye chii munyori aida.