Life uye basa Goncharova. anoshanda Goncharova

By pezvawakaita, Ivan Aleksandrovich akanga akasiyana chaizvo kubva vazhinji vanofunga, akaberekwa nenguva 60s, vanoshingaira nesimba. Upenyu hwake chaizvo kujairika nokuti nguva, sezvinonzi vakanyorerana kakawanda pachena basa, uye siyana kuchinja 60s zvakanga isingatsiki. Wevasungwa, Makakatanwa, impulsivity cho wevanyori yaitonga ichi, Ivan Alexandrovich yakatsiva akatsiga, nekuzvidzora, nyore. Life zvinhu uye Goncharova vari muchidimbu zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino.

Anotevedzana tafura upenyu

makore Early

Anotevedzana tafura Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich akazarura 1812. Kuti gore, muna Simbirsk, akaberekwa. Ivan Aleksandrovich vaiva vatengesi kuti apo intelligentsia yakanga isingawanzowanikwi kunze, sezvazvakanyorwa kazhinji kumiririrwa kwamachinda. Zvisinei, takapoteredzwa munyori, pakanga zvishoma mushambadzi chaiyo, svikiro iri rinenge hapana sei chero ake akarerwa uye dzidzo, kana kuti yakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza. Baba Ivan Alexandrovich, akafa mangwanani, kwakanga akapfuma chaizvo, izvo akabvumira Goncharov ukasaponesa pamusoro mari uye kurarama akapfuma zvikuru.

Simbirsk kuti nguva yakanga dzakaunganidzwa zvikurukuru emapuranga, akwegura dzimba uye dzimba, asi vagari guta haana vakawanda. Munzvimbo iyi aiva makore gumi upenyu munyori wokutanga. The inotungamirwa Ivan Goncharov, ane Biography uye basa zvine chokuita, muna private yevanogara dzimba muguta, uyewo mupristi womunharaunda, ine chikoro chebhodhingi vana vanokudzwa mhuri. Iyi muenzi imba Ivan Aleksandrovich akawana raibhurari duku uye akada kupedza nguva kuverenga ingano Russian uye dzimwe vanyori.

Kudzidza muMoscow

Muna 1822, vava nemakore nemakore gumi, kuramba zvidzidzo zvavo, akaendeswa kuna kuMoscow sangano yechipiri nokuda kwamachinda. Saka upenyu nebasa Goncharov kuti atamire muguta idzva padanho vakazvimirira wevapenyu nekufunganya nevabereki. Akauya kumusha chete muzhizha, kupedza vamwe nguva muMoscow. Pano Ivan Aleksandrovich, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vakapedzisira vava kuziva mabasa French vanyori, uye mumwe Romanov Ezhena Sue kunyange akashandurirwa Russian. An Excerpt kubva mushanduro iyi yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi "Telescope" mugore 1832.

Makore masere kudzidziswa akapfuura nokukurumidza, pasina vachiuya zvarwo, hapana anokosha kubatsira kana chinokosha kukuvadza.

yunivhesiti

Muna 1830, makore 18 okuberekwa, Goncharov kare kugadzirira yunivhesiti, asi mavambo korera, uye yakanga yakavharwa, saka itai kuti Ivanu Aleksandrovichu akanga chete raitevera, muna 1831. Pakazosvika nguva aiziva mitauro yakawanda: French, German, Chirungu uye Latin.

The upenyu University uye nebasa Goncharova, kungotarisa panguva iyo inopiwa munyaya ino, kupinda Danho idzva. Akapinda hurukuro Kachenovsky, Shevyreva, Nadezhdin Pogodin, Davydov nevamwe uye zvadaro akarangarira navo nokuonga. Goncharov aiva mudzidzi wakanaka. Akashanyira anenge ose hurukuro nokushingaira akanyorwa nokuda lecturers, ita basa rako rechikoro. Ivan Aleksandrovich achinzvenga madenderedzwa. The University apo kudzidza sydäntä uye Ogarev, asi hazvina kudaro kuna mumwe akanga asina kukurirwa, uye akasangana Lermontov chete vateereri.

Anotevedzana tafura Goncharov Ivan Alexandrovich anoramba rakatevera musi, June 1834, apo iye vakabudirira vakapfuura kokupedzisira bvunzo uye akasiya nehama yake kumusha Simbirsk. Life uye basa muduku munyori zvino anotanga munyika yake.

kumba

Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich akanyora: "Ini yakatorwa sezvo chiutsi, musha achirera." In ichi "akanaka Oblomovka" inoitwa zvakakodzwa, upenyu hunofadza, mazuva akanga achiteverwa namazuva namakore, pamusoro kwemakore, pakanga pasina oneka chinja. The wepurovhinzi Simbirsk zvakaoma akanzwa mitsipa tsiye utongi Nicholas vake. Goncharov gore rose chete nekuzorora, kuita chinhu zvikurukuru. Balls uye kuwadzana nevamwe vakatevera mumwe. Apo jaya dzimwe nguva vaifunga nezveramangwana, zvaiita kwaari basa, asi zvose zvaiita achiri kure, uye chete nyaya nokukurumidza nyaya, kureva kuti ushamwari rakatanga Goncharov (Biography zvinhu uye makore ari munyori anorondedzerwa pazasi) pamwe mubati Uglich, akamukoka kuva wezvokukurukurirana muhofisi yake.

Kubva panguva iyi kuti Ivan Alexandrovich akatanga zvatinosiita bureaucratic yokungoitawo, umo makanga hazvifadzi chaizvo, asi anobatsira ruzivo uye nendangariro vane maererano kune pfumbamuromo nezvimwe zvakaipa vatariri. Photo Goncharova nechipiriso pazasi.

Petersburg. mabhuku basa yokutanga

Zvokukura upenyu uye basa mberi Goncharova Petersburg kumwedzi. On munhu zvokutsamwa muna 1835 Uglich akanga anoyeuka ake chizvarwa Simbirsk vakaenda St. Petersburg, uye pamwechete naye vakaenda uye Ivan Aleksandrovich. Pano akabatana Bazi Finance panguva yebasa, dhipatimendi vemamwe zvokutengeserana, kutanga sezvo mushanduri uye ipapo musoro mabharani. Ake, unhu kumeso kunyarara hwaienzanirana basa iri, uye akayera zvevafundisi muchadenga haisi kuremerwa Ivan Alexandrovich.

Mumakore okutanga pashure asvika Petersburg yake ndisina nguva akashandurira Schiller, Winckelmann, Goethe, uyewo Chirungu-pisataley shona ndebele. Zvisinei, basa rake panguva ino Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich asina nezvazvo. Chete mukutanga forties akazviratidza akazvimiririra mabasa ake okutanga. Below photos Goncharov.

"Zvavo Story"

Muna 1847, mumapeji "Contemporary" yakabudisa yokufungidzira wokutanga muduku munyori, "Zvavo Story". Panguva ino munyori akanga atova nemakore 35 okuberekwa, upenyu uye basa Goncharova vakapinda chimwe chinhanho kukura.

Yaiva nyaya mwoyo, akoromoke tariro vaduku vadzidzi akasiyana Oblomovok uyo vaidirana guru aine chirangaridzo kubva mudzimai kwomwoyo uye duku Vhoriyamu Schiller muhomwe yake, kusetsa, vasine hanya, zvakakodzwa. Petersburg pakarepo mumaoko kubva fungidziro zvose uye reverie, rinoparadza tariro yose, saka nyaya iyi inogona kunzi uye "vanhuwo nhamo."

Muna yokufungidzira, zvakajeka akanzwa munhu oupenyu maatomu akafanana. Sezvo aibvuma nomunyori pachake, basa iri akaratidza ruzivo hwake, nguva apo akanga muroti dzorudo ikava kuchitonhora uye kusununguka mukuru. Ivan Goncharov, ane Biography runopiwa dzako, aenda kuburikidza kusanduka chakafanana munhu anonzwa protagonist.

Alexander Aduev, uchinakidzwa uchidanana muruwa, ane admire pamusoro Schiller, tinongoita muna ushamwari husingaperi uye rudo, uyai guru, St. Petersburg forties, kubva kutarisirwa naamai vake devotedly rudo. Unowira murudo asi rudo anomupandukira, shanduko uye ushamwari. Kubva kuti Alexander unosuwa. Akadzokera padunhu, anokanganwa pamusoro zvose zvido zvavo neururami uye inoguma hwake ane akapfuma mwenga, vanoremekedzwa Matumbu uye ndaitambira mari yakanaka.

"Zvavo Story" akanga rewritten katatu, munyori wayo zvisikwa makore anenge 5-6 pamberi basa rakabudiswa. It pakarepo pfungwa, uye Goncharov vakagamuchira yokuva munyori. I akapindura yokufungidzira ichi uye akakurumbira akachenjera mutsoropodzi Belinsky, uyo akagamuchira itsva matarenda munyori uye akafanotaura kubudirira kwake.

Muna 1846, Ivan Aleksandrovich pachake kuzivana Belinsky, asi kwete kuvhara naye kana dzimwe nhengo mabhuku denderedzwa uye kwete unga. Zvadaro Mug ichi vaiva Nekrasov, Pan, Turgenev, Botkin, Granovsky, sydäntä nevamwe.

"Frigate" Pallada "

Muna 1852, Ivan Aleksandrovich nzvimbo Admiral Secretary Putiatina akaenda pakundopambara kune zvinhu Russian mu America. Chinangwa kushanya kwaiva kuronga basa chibvumirano Japan, nyika yaimbova panguva rakada kuzivikanwa vokuEurope. Travel munyori wakapiwa nguva zvakaoma, kunyanya yokutanga mishomanana navigation, - Iye Vakarodza kurwisa neuralgia vane musoro, uye zviri kabhini kazhinji chando. Zvishoma nezvishoma chete, musi asvika muEngland, Ivanu Aleksandrovichu akakwanisa vajaire kune zvomugungwa rayo yokukandwa, chando uye bvungapfunga uye vanonzwa kumba. Mukuwedzera pamutemo mashoko uye mishumo, akanyora tsamba, rakabudiswa muna "Sea muunganidzwa", iro akatsanangura nefemero ake. Gare gare, tsamba idzi vakauya nechikepe Rondedzero inonzi "frigate" Pallada ", rakabudiswa muna mavhoriyamu maviri.

basa Izvi zvakacherechedzwa somumwe vakanakisisa Russian mabhuku anotsanangura mabasa. Aigona kuverenga vakuru nevana, vakadzidza uye kudzidza. Bhuku rinotsanangura hunhu-siyana zvekumwe nyika ashanyirwa muchikepe, rinofananidza vatorwa tsika nevanhu nyika yake yaakaberekerwa, panewo chinosetsa Zvikamu. Akaripira mutero kunaka omunzvimbo hunhu, asi achiri zvakanaka mwoyo wake vakanga chizvarwa nharaunda, iyo Goncharov, uyo mabhuku taura kuti munyori pachake, nguva dzose vakarangarira norudo.

IA Goncharov, "Oblomov"

Enganonyorwa Goncharova akaramba "Oblomov". Pfungwa vakauya kwaari munyori kare forties. Uye zvikabva pamusoro them Ilicha yakaitwa zvakasimba panguva pamusoro basa. Tora somuenzaniso chebhuku rokutanga "Frigate" Pallada "wokutanga. It anodzivisa ndakabatikana, kubatikana, wakakurumidza wokuEngland Russian jendurumani, kunyarara uye simbe. Life Description jendurumani zvikuru zvakafanana tsananguro Oblomov.

"Oblomov" - iri mudariro itsva, iyo akapinda upenyu uye basa Goncharova. ZVIRI Biography ake zvinhu uye harisi kwakakwana pasina kutaurwa 1857. Gore rino munguva yezororo pamusoro pemvura basa iri rakanga kuwedzera muna Kissingen, pamuviri kare forties.

Life zvinhu uye Goncharova pamwe nokubudiswa yokufungidzira ichi chinotanga mudariro itsva. Pakarepo mushure racho basa rakanga kutekenyedzwa, zviri kutaurwa pamusoro uye nharo dzose mumisasa. Zvakanakisisa nevatsoropodzi - Dobrolyubov uye Pisarev - yakatsaurirwa "Oblomov" ake witty critiques. Article Dobrolyubova "Chii Oblomovism?" Oblomov kupfeka ndima pamwe yakakurumbira magamba nguva - Pechorin, Onegin, Beltov, Rudin. "Oblomovka zvakananga kumusha kwedu" - akanyora Dob, izvo kuenzaniswa munyaya Russian intelligentsia kose Oblomov mhando. For Nicholas Alexandrovich Oblomovism - kuchikonzerwa softness, usimbe nevaikudzwa vakarerutsa nevaranda vakawanda. Chokwadi, Dob haana akataura kuchangotanga tsitsi kana chikuru hunhu kana Oblomovism zvavo.

Pisarev ari munyaya yake, zvikuru pfungwa inobhadharwa mupfungwa maitiro, tichicherechedza mugumisiro unokuvadza kusakendenga mupfungwa, kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Sam Goncharov akacherechedza kuti Article Pisarev - zvakanakisisa zvose zvakanyorwa pamusoro yokufungidzira wake, sezvo iye akarondedzera kunzwisisa ichi raiita zvokutanga Oblomovka mhando. Pashure pezvose, gamba, zvinoitika, aiva murume airwara, kufanana Goncharov akati. Oblomov regai muchida kushanda, uye basa iri kutya nokuti anomupa kutambura. Asi dzimwe nguva anogona kuva vanoshingaira, kunyange pasi dzimwe simba. Olga akakwanisa kunyengedza naye basa, mabasa akasiyana-siyana.

Hero chaizvoizvo unopfura yose mabasa Goncharova, kunze, zvichida, kupfuura achangopfuura mapeji aro. Iye anotya zvose: mwando, kufamba, kubudikidza mhepo, rudo, undere, mashoko ruzha. Uye ichi kutya - anozivikanwa chiratidzo atrophy nechido, nepfungwa.

Uyezve, Oblomov anogara pakati zvakapesana maviri: akanga akarerwa yokuRussia manyorerwo mutana, uye mhepo, wajaira isingadzorwi dzomutengo kusangana vachida zvavo. Akapedza ake uduku pasi shingirira, zvisingafungi pokudzora nehama, dzakadai usimbe uye pusa sezvaakaita.

It azvishambidze uye vasine, kuedza kudzvinyirira zvinodiwa basa uye playfulness, dzinongoitika kuti muduku, uyewo kuda kuziva uye kufarira chinhu chero. Zvibereko dzidzo yakadaro vanozivikanwa kuti - usimbe, vakagamuchira ayo zvakanyanyisa chimiro, uyewo kutya chero kuchinja uye zvinodiwa muupenyu.

chirwere ichi, maererano Goncharov, iri midzi yose Russian upenyu uye nhoroondo. Mupfungwa iyi, Oblomov aiva musimboti wenyika revatongi Russian pre-kuchinja nguva yechokwadi. Zvisinei, tinogona kufungidzira kuti mushure abolition pamusoro serfdom, zvinhu zvachinja zvakadaro zvinoshamisa? Ndiri akafa Ilya Ilyich?

Kwete, iye haagoni kufa. Ndokusaka yokufungidzira ichi zvino, sezvo nguva dzose, anoramba akakodzera.

"Oblomov", kunzwisisa sezvo kuratidzwa yokufungidzira satirising gentility uye Russian usimbe, wakange chihombe kubudirira raibhurari. Goncharova kunyange ichienzaniswa Gogol.

Achidzokera kubva rwendo pasi pose, Ivan Aleksandrovich akadzokera rake rinoitirwa, kushanda chete dhipatimendi vemamwe kutengeserana mune post-maneja. Asi nokukurumidza, muna 1858, akanga wechi ari kusenza dhipatimendi reBazi Redzidzo. Muna 1862 akava mupepeti vakadongorera ipapo "North Mail", magazini pamutemo. Goncharov akashanda nokutenda uye yabudirira zvikuru kubudirira muushumiri: nayo akamutswa kanoverengeka muhofisi - kubva aongororwe kusvikira huru kudzora nhengo Press.

IA Goncharov nganonyorwa "pamawere"

Enganonyorwa Goncharova Bhuku "Oblomov" hakuiti kugumisa ikoko. Muna 1868 magazini "Yokuzivisa Europe" akauya ake akatevera pashure "Oblomov" yokufungidzira - "Open". It agamuchirwa anenge panguva imwe chete "Oblomov", asi kunyora chidimbu ichi Goncharov akatora makore anopfuura 20! Mumakore aya, zvakanga chikatsiviwa rose chizvarwa, munhu wose munguva. Dark nguva rokutonga Nicholas I, Russia akatamira rumutsiriro uye kuvandudzwa. Asi ndinotarisira Goncharova akanga achiri tichitarisira kare, izvo akavhomora zvifananidzo ake uye vatambi. Kutsoropodza haana kukoshesa yokufungidzira ichi, zvichida iyi pave nechokwadi nezvenguva apo iye akaonekwa. Iyi yakanga yakavharwa magazini "Contemporary" uye "Russian shoko", uye kutsoropodzwa chakarasikirwa vamiririri vayo zvakanakisisa, kusanganisira Pisarev. "Anocherechedza of Yababa" harisati kuwana tsoka dzayo. In venhau akanga hunodzorwa kuvhiringidzika mupfungwa uye mafungiro. Uye pakarepo, mu izvi yokutambudzika anozvarwa basa zvakazadza neumwe akanaka oupenyu, uye zvinogona kunzi kutarisa netariro ... Goncharov anoona zvose zvekare simba, utano uye zvakanaka, iye anotarisira kuwiriranisa yekare pamwe itsva. Chokwadi, apo yakadaro chinzvimbo aisagona nevatsigiri.

Toti mashoko mashomanana pamusoro maviri nechepakati inofananidza of yokufungidzira - Edheni uye ambuya. Paradhiso achirwisa yekare, unyoro, asi hope pamusoro hwomutambarakede mubhedha, uye hazvitadzise pachako chinhu, kunyange Egorka achitendera kubvisa majombo yake. Anorarama achiri nenguva serfdom, uye anorwa naro chete nemashoko chete, haritsigiri nyaya: anongoti zano mbuya yakatarwa ake kusunungura serfs, asi muchiitiko chino haadi kupindira, kunyange zvazvo nderake. kuzengurira Izvi chaizvo chaiwo, maitiro nokuti yose Russian nzanga panguva yakaoma, sezvo chipi Transitional kumwedzi.

Mbuya iri zvikuru achitotaura muzukuru wake. It anotaura mutauro wavo madzitateguru, mashoko, zvirevo, uchenjeri yekare. Kuburikidza uchenjeri ichi zvisingachashandi iye kunoonekwa zvakawanda pfungwa pane muParadhiso. Zvakanga pedyo, nesimba, mukadzi imperious, kwete rudo kupa mu, kunyange mwoyo uye nokunzwisisa kazhinji kuti muParadhiso kodzero. Zvisinei, pasinei kwayo chivimbo uye kutenda kuti vane zvakanaka, achiri hapana kuramba touchy itsva. Zvichitaurwa, zviri akwegura zvikuru uye kutya itsva, asi muduku kwaari sezvinodiwa.

Saka kuburikidza yose yokufungidzira inoitika dingindira ichi: kutambura kuva zvisingachashandi pamwe zvitsva. Goncharov rukasafashukira kudzivirira vamwe vemapato, rinotsvaka chete kuyanana yavo uye mubatanidzwa.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Ivan Aleksandrovich Chokwadi, akagumbuka, akarikunda somunhu yokufungidzira. Pakazosvika nguva akanga anoda kusvika makore 60 okuberekwa, uye shure vaiva huru mabhuku kukunda. Pashure kusunungurwa "pamawere" Goncharov chaizvo kashoma kuratidzwa kuruzhinji uye zvishoma zvakanyorwa. Pakati mabasa ake okupedzisira zvinosanganisira "mabhuku Evening", "zillion kutambudzwa", "Notes pakuzivisa Belinsky," "nani vanonoka pane kumbobvira", "Varanda", "Ndangariro".

Kukundikana kufarira mwana, kurwara uye kusvika akwegura omuendesa kuti kuora mwoyo uye achipanga. Muna 1873, pachinzvimbo chevatatu zvavo, Goncharov akazosiya basa asiri kutsungirira makore anopfuura makumi mana basa mumwechete ndangariro dzakanaka. Zvisinei, pashure kuti kwaifanira Ivanu Aleksandrovichu akararama kwemakore anoda kusvika 20 makore. Friends akanga asiya zvishoma pedyo, iye Kashoma akagamuchira vashanyi uye achitaura zvimwe vasingadi. Mumakore achangopfuura, Ivan Alexandrovich kutambudzwa nezvinetso zvoutano, uye Goncharov akafa nemabayo musi 15 September 1891 gore.