Diesel chinotsva - zviri ... marudzi, mhando, mavanga, Diesel makirasi

Diesel chinotsva - zviri zvikuru kare, asi zvakadaro aida huni pisitoni Diesel injini. Uye kana vasati kukura kwayo aihuitira nokuda kbps uye chepfu combustion zvigadzirwa, asi zvino zvikuru mota takashongedzerwa pamwe Diesel michini, uye masayendisiti vari kushanda nesimba kuvandudza kuita uye kuti Diesel mafuta zvakatipoteredza noushamwari.

Chii Diesel chinotsva

Diesel chinotsva - rinorema zvikamu zviduku mafuta, izvo kwakavakirwa Mahydrocarbon rurefu - 200-350 ° C - kufashaira tembiricha. Richishandiswa sezvo huni Diesel injini uye gasi Diesel injini.

Sei Diesel? Nokuti, kusiyana peturu michini, umo musanganiswa peturu uye mhepo iri abatidzwa sesasaradzi, mumwe Diesel reciprocating injini chinotsva unopisa nomuzvarirwo pasi simba compression.

Externally, Diesel chinotsva - kwakanyatsojeka, ane yepamusoro viscosity kupfuura peturu, emura, ruvara izvo zvinogona yero, mashava uye siyana kwerima guru. Ruvara simba nebwe riri mafuta.

Panguva combustion upi mafuta unobereka simba. Diesel mafuta, kuwedzera kune ichi chikuru basa, anoita zvinoverengeka zvinokosha Unoshanda muinjini. It kugonyesa ari mafuta injectors uye pumps kukweshera pemvura, inotonhodza combustion yomukati masvingo uye pedza vanogadzirisa parameters pamusoro injini.

Kushandiswa Diesel chinotsva

Sea uye rwizi midziyo, locomotives, zvechiuto uye motokari okurima, marori - anenge zvose inorema motokari wakamhanyira Diesel injini.

Popular emakore achangopfuura munyika dzakasimukira dzeEurope anova motokari kuti Anomhanyira Diesel mafuta. Mafuta kunwa ndiyo 40% shoma vari Diesel muinjini, inokukura simba, simba, uye kuchengeteka patency chiutsi magasi mberi peturu.

Diesel fuel- zvakanyanya mari kuti ishande, uye mutengo mafuta. Rinoshandiswa nenzira Diesel jenareta anoita mira uye pafoni simba pazviteshi, boilers ose zvionera kudziyisa enyika.

mafuta Diesel, iyo dzakakurumbira inongotaurwa sa Diesel huni, ari residual Diesel chinotsva dzakakwirira viscosity uye Kubika pfungwa kusvika 400 ° C. mhando iyi huni rinoshandiswa kuti pasi nokukurumidza injini uye aqueous njanji zvifambiso nematarakita anofamba. Uyezve, imwe solarium iri akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya nematehwe ari nedehwe indasitiri. Diesel mafuta smazachno chikamu coolant mune simbi nokuveza uye kudzima mvura kana kupisa zvakaipa.

Key Features

The cetane nhamba (huru parameter pamusoro Diesel chinotsva) kuratidza flammability peturu. It anosarudza kunonoka nguva combustion nezvakavhenganiswa, i.e. nguva elapses pakati jekiseni peturu kupinda humburumbira uye kutanga combustion. The zvishoma iyi ndiro yepamusoro uwandu cetane, uye nguva ipfupi injini kudziya. Zvisinei, ichi inowedzera chiutsi utsi, iyo inova dzinonetsa apo cetane nhamba kupfuura 55.

Nokuti dzinotsanagura jekiseni uye mafuta jekiseni kuchikosha ayo viscosity, izvo zvinobva kubva uye lubricating unhu

Of Diesel chinotsva arambe achirema zvinoenderana kushanda kwayo uye kunyatsoshanda, nokuti rokumusoro riri arambe achirema, zvikuru simba iri vanowanika ne combustion.

An maitiro chinokosha ndiko kwazvo sarufa iyo unotora munhu Diesel mafuta. Izvi sarufa yeimwe, izvo kuderedza ngura kuramba pakati chinotsva hurongwa.

On pakunaka Diesel huni, uye akati vakaomerwa filterability tembiricha, kureva munhu tembiricha panguva iyo Diesel chinotsva richikora zvokuti hazvina kupfuura zvachose kana zvishoma nezvishoma inopfuura nomunyika Sefa womumwe saizi.

Zviri pasi gore pfungwa, kureva tembiricha panguva iyo Paraffin huri huni inotanga crystallize.

Diesel rinochiwedzera

Vasati 2015, Diesel huni nemitemo Russian vakakamurwa mhando. In mureza mamiriro, wakadzikwa muna January 2015 gore nokupesana rinobatana weboka iri makirasi zvemhoteredzo maererano European mureza uye rikauya zvichienderana nesarufa tigutsikane ari mafuta. Nesarufa zviri asingapfuuri 350, 50 uye 10 MG / makirogiramu anoenderana muchimiro I, II, uye kunoreva zvinoreva III K3 usashanda uye zvakapoteredza makirasi, K4 uye K5 maererano itsva mureza mamiriro, ukuwo.

Hazvina varumbidzwa kushandisa mafuta, iyo yakakwirira kwevari nesarufa, sezvo izvi kunowedzera choutsi kune mhepo, kuwedzera ngura uye vanopfeka zvemamiriro chinotsva ezvinhu, saka kuwedzera mari kakawanda yaitsiva filters uye mafuta. Kazhinji, nani ehupfumi oga kunotungamirira kuti Kushatiswa mumwe. Achideredza sarufa kugutsikana - ichi kuderera lubricity kuti Diesel mafuta. Naizvozvo, kuti aponese mumwe ari mafuta huru mabasa anowedzerwa yokuvirisa siyana.

Diesel giredha

Diesel mamakisi dzinosiyana tembiricha, pazasi uyo mafuta inogona kushandiswa. Sezvo chokuratidza kuti filterability muganhu tembiricha inoshandiswa. Uye Variety akavhuniwa-mwaka uye chirimo Diesel mafuta pamwe chakarurama ichi hachisi pazasi -20 ° C.

Grade A ari dzinoratidzwa tembiricha kuti hapana kudzika pane 5 ° C pamusoro razero. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe zvinotevera mamakisi B, C, D, E uye F indekisi kuderedzwa 5 ° C.

Muenzaniso uri Diesel Euro, giredhi C, mhando II uye III kana mutsva shanduro zvezvakatipoteredza makirasi K4 uye K5 ane tembiricha filterability kuti madhigirii shanu pazasi razero uye nesarufa zviri asingapfuuri 50 uye 10 milligrams por kilogram peturu.

makirasi Diesel

Weboka kupinda makirasi Diesel huni muchando kana kutonhora kwekunze kunoitika kwete chete panguva tembiricha filterability, kuti tsika wechipiri gore pfungwa. In yechando uye Arctic Diesel mafuta yakaderera tembiricha wakisi crystallization kunotanga, iyo inoderedza unongotaura.

Kana kupenda Diesel mafuta mushure pakunzi DT havafaniri tsamba uye nhamba, ipapo yava chando mafuta kana kweArctic.

muchiso Diesel

Maererano physicochemical ehupfumi, kuita maitiro, uye mamiriro ezvinhu kushandiswa Diesel chinotsva rakakamurwa nezvemarudzi ina anozivikanwa nemabhii makuru:

- Summer (A), izvo zvinosanganisira mafuta giredhi A, B, C, D pamwe filterability muganhu tembiricha kuti +5 kusvika -10 ° C. Izvi Diesel chinotsva zvinogona kushandiswa pane kutonhora pazasi 0 ° C.

- mwaka (E) mamakisi E uye F, aine tembiricha kuti -15 uye -20 ° C azvaitwa kushandiswa mumatsutso, apo tembiricha neeSultan kubva +5 kusvika -5 ° C.

- Winter (W), iro rakakamurwa zvidzidzo 0 kusvika 3 uye filterability tembiricha kubvira -20 kusvika -38 ° C uye rinoshandisirwa pagungano mhepo tembiricha kwete pazasi -20 ° C.

- Arctic (A) ari mafuta giredhi 4 filterability muganhu tembiricha yakadzikira kusvika pa-44 ° C uye netembiricha ambient kuti kubvisa 50 ° C (kunaka ukoshi magwaro kazhinji achiperekedzwa neshoko "kubvisa" uye kwete kunzvenga mashoko okuti kuvake).

chinotsva chokuguma

Brand zita zvinosanganisira Diesel fuel (DF), giredhi kana kirasi zvichienderana kushanda uye kirasi zvakatipoteredza. Ndiko, mune chiratidzo rinoratidza maviri chete parameters: nesarufa tigutsikane uye vakaomerwa filterability tembiricha.

Nhasi zvinoita kusangana kunan'anura zvitsva uye vakura, semuenzaniso, DT mureza Euro 5 Kirasi F, inomira sezvo muchando Diesel mafuta ane sarufa zviri asingapfuuri 50 MG / makirogiramu uye muganhu tembiricha filterability kuti kubvisa 20 ° C, kuti chinonyanya kushandiswa Russian chando vaine yaanoti zvakatipoteredza noushamwari rinochiwedzera.

Kusvikira ikozvino, Kunyora kwakadaro ukabata uye L-0,2-62, i.e. chinotsva rinoponesa shoma giredhi inotaridza uwandu sarufa (200 MG / kg), uye nokupenya pfungwa 62 ° C. The mbaravara pfungwa haisi huru chakarurama, asi vakaenzana mamwe maitiro kuti yakanakisisa moto kuchengeteka anonzi mafuta ane tembiricha yakakwirira.

How kuchengetera Diesel

Nokuti avhareji mutengi, kuva motokari voga ane Diesel injini, nyaya Diesel huni okuchengetera hakusi zvakakodzera.

Asi nokuda maindasitiri apo mafuta iri yakatengwa zvakawanda uye kuchengetwa kwenguva refu, dambudziko okuchengetera kunokosha chaizvo.

Storage dai Diesel pa 20 ° C kuti gore rimwe uye ari kupisa pamusoro 30 ⁰ C kwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvikira gore rimwe airtight mumidziyo, kudzivirirwa zvakananga chezuva.

Kana kuchengeta mafuta ngaarege kupinda kuonana mhangura, nendarira kana zingi, saka kuti mafuta asingadi kuzadza kukwira zvibereko nemakemikari vane simbi idzi. Uyezve, zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva unyoro uye guruva, uye anofanira kuva yokuvirisa izvo zvinogona dziparare mu okuchengetera. Somuenzaniso, muna Diesel rinochiwedzera dzakakwirira kirasi kwezvakatipoteredza chirungiso inowedzerwa kuwedzera lubricating kuita, izvo anoora nokukurumidza.

ichi mafuta kunyatsoshanda yakakwirira, ayo kukura iri kuramba ichiwedzera. Kune pezvitsiga itsva Diesel mafuta uye zvinyorwa zvitsva kwayo chionekeso. Nechekare pane zviitiko itsva, uye Diesel chinotsva anogadzirwa kwete chete kubva mafuta. Zvichida ramangwana ndezvaiye Diesel mafuta kubva muriwo anonhuwirira.