Crimean Astrophysical Observatory: kero, mufananidzo

Kufamba-famba neCrimea chinhu chinonakidza chinosiya mumwe asina hanya. Vatashanyi vazhinji, vachiuya kunzvimbo yekunze, vanokurumidza kuenda kumahombekombe, vachikanganwa zvachose kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinonakidza munharaunda yeCrimea, kutarisa izvo zvisinganyanyi kufungidzirwa, asi kubva pane izvo hazvisi zvishoma. Chimwe chemashoko akadaro, nzira inofanira kuiswa mberi, iCrimean Astrophysical Observatory (guta reNauchnyi). Pamusoro pake uye taura zvakawanda nezvenyaya yacho.

Brief information

ICrimean Astrophysical Observatory inowanikwa makiromita makumi maviri nemashanu kubva muguta reSimferopol. Zuva renheyo yezvesayenzi nzvimbo yeJune 30, 1945. Pakutanga, yaiva yeSimeiz Branch yePulkovo Observatory, iyo yava ikozvino yava bazi reCrimea.

Historical background

ICrimean Astrophysical Observatory yakasimbiswa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 pagomo rinonzi Cat. Iyi yekuona zvinyorwa yaizoonekwa sega yoga uye yakanga iri yemuumbi wepfuma achidzidza nyeredzi dzeNikola Maltsov. Muna 1912, kucherechedza kwakaratidzwa kune imwe nzvimbo yePulkovo, iyo yakatanga kuchinjwa kuva chikwata chekutsvaga uye nzvimbo yekusimudzira, yakatanga kuita photometry yeredzi uye mapuraneti maduku.

Muna 1926, chiCrimean Astrophysical Observatory yakawana mamitare English reflecteur, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva yakakura pane imwe nyika yeEurope. Zvisinei, kurwisana kwakasvika kuchivako chezvesayenzi munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, kwakacheneswa kubva pahupenyu hwepasi. Asi kare kare muzhizha ra1945 hutungamiri hweSoviet hurumende hwakabudisa chirevo pamusoro pokudzorerwa kwekucherechedza uye zvakafanana nekusikwa kwechivako chesayenzi chitsva, icho chaifanira kuva chiri pakati peCrimea, uko nzvimbo yacho yakanyatsogadziriswa kuti iwedzere ma telescopes makuru.

Kutanga kwekucherechedza

ICrimean Astrophysical Observatory yeCrimea yaive yakagadzirirwa makumi mana nemasere inch reflector uye 16-inch refractor-astrograph, yakawanikwa kubva kuGermany kuti iwanezve. Zvigadziro zvakaitwa nekambani yeGermany Carl Zeiss. Kucherechedza nguva dzose pane imwe nguva pamusoro penzvimbo yakatanga sekutanga kwema1950. Zvinosuruvarisa, iyo inoratidzira 48-inch inenge isingakwanisi kuita mabasa ayo ezuva ranhasi nhasi, sezvo dome rayo rakapisa zvikuru, uye hazvigone kugadzirisa zvisikwa zvayo zvakasakara nekuda kwekushaya mari.

Zviratidzo

ICrimean Astrophysical Observatory, iyo iyo yakave yakabudiswa pasi apa, nokuti chikamu chikuru chiri panzvimbo yakatsetseka yeGomo Sel-Bokhra kubva kumaodzanyemba kwayo. Nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza iri iri pakakwirira mamita 550-600 pamusoro pegungwa. Vakawanda vevashandi vari kugara mumusha weNauchny, uyo, uyewo, wava pedyo zvikuru nekucherechedza. Kugara kwakagadzirwa naDobronravin muna 1957.

Kuvapo kwemasango pamakomo kubva kumaodzanyemba nekumavirazuva kunobvumira kubvisa chiedza chinopisa uye kusimbisa mhepo yakapoteredza. Mukuwedzera, masango acho anogadzirisa zvachose guruva raivepo uye anonyanya kuderedza dambudziko remhepo uye mhepo inovhuvhuta, zvichidaro zvichipa mamiriro okunze akanaka ekudenga.

Muchidimbu chayo, Crimea Astrophysical Observatory iguta rezvesayenzi rakazara rine zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka, mazano akasiyana-siyana, mabhakato, mahofisi ehotera uye imwe nzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo yepaki. Mukuwedzera kune izvi zvose, zvakapoteredza zvakanaka chaizvo uye zvinosiya mafungiro akanaka kune vashanyi.

Basa razvino

Vanenge 300 vanhu vanoshanda muCriminalan scientists centre. Pakati pevanhu ava, vanhu 80 vari masayendisiti chete. Zvinhu zvikuru zvekuongorora ndezvi:

• Kudzidza firikiti nyeredzi.
• Tsanangudzo yakajeka yefizikiki yezuva.
• Kuongororwa kweredhiyo yemaredhiyo.
• Kuita extragalactic uye gamma astronomy.
• Kutakura masayenzi ekuongorora nyeredzi.
• Optical production.

Vose ava vecherechedzi vevatsvakurudzi vanotibvumira kudzidza basa renyeredzi uye magnetism yavo, chimiro nemamiriro ekudenga, kuongorora asteroids, satellites. Mukuwedzera, kucherechedza kunobhadharwa kumazuva ezuva uye kuputika kweiyo nyeredzi, kushamwaridzana kwezuva-pasi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda nezvimwe zvinongororwa.

Nzira yekuenda sei

Saka, iripi iyo Crimean Astrophysical Observatory? Adhiresi yayo ndeye: Crimea, Bakhchisar district, taundi. Scientific. Kuenda kune ino kutsvakurudza nzvimbo yezvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki. Kana iwe uchifamba nemotokari, ipapo mepu ichauya kununura, pane yaunofanira kuwana musha wakatarwa uye chero nzira ipi inotungamirira kwairi. Pachinzvimbo chaipo, hazvizove zvakaoma zvachose, sezvo kubvunzurudza kuchiri kusati kuri nenyuchi uye kunogona kuonekwa kubva kure. Kana uchida kuenda nekutakura vanhu, saka zvakanakisisa kusiya Simferopol neTrolley kana bhazi kubva kuchiteshi chezvitima kana kubva kumotokari yemotokari "Zapadnaya".

Mazano evashanyi

ICrimean Astrophysical Observatory yeRussia Academy yeScience ndiyo nzvimbo iyo, nenzira yega, inofanira kushanyirwa mumamiriro okunze akajeka. Kuenda kune vashanyi kunofanirwa manheru, sezvo zuva rekushanda kune vanoongorora nyeredzi rinotanga usiku. Munguva yaAugust mafambisi anotora kutanga kwawo pa1930.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana mwedzi uzere mudenga, saka rwendo rwuri nani kudzoka. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti muviri uyu wekudenga unopenya zvachose nzvimbo yese yekudenga uye hapana chichaonekwa.

Kubva pane mazano anobatsira zvinokwanisika kupa zvinotevera: pachazvo zvakakosha kutora flashlight, nokuti nharaunda yechiteshi yacho inoputirwa zvikuru, uye iyo inofadza zvikuru muchitarisiko inogona kuonekwa usiku.

Uyewo munharaunda yekucherechedza kune imwe museum yakasiyana-siyana, iyo yakazvipira zvachose kuyanzvi dzenyeredzi uye nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza. Vatashanyi vanogona kutarisa kushandiswa kwemasimba makuru muzviyero zvakakura zvakananga mumasvingo eeseroscopes.

Kana iri nzvimbo dzakanaka dzomunharaunda, kubva padenga recheterecope duku kudarika maziso AZT-11 mumamiriro okunze akanaka iwe unogona kuona makomo akapoteredza uye kunyange nzvimbo yakakwirira yeCrimea - Roma-kosh, iyo yakakwirira mamita 1545 mamita. Uye pamuganhu wepamusoro zvinonyatsooneka kuona getsi reguta reSevastopol.

Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechokuti vatashanyi vanogona kuona usiku husiku, kana kuti panzvimbo iyo miviri iri pairi, mune imwe teresikopu imwe chete, iduku duku muhukuru. Zvose zvese "vaaishanda navo" zvakabatanidzwa kumakombiyuta emazuva ano kwenguva refu uye basa chete muhurukuro ye digital.

Mushure mokunge rwendo rwunopera muchivakwa chikuru, munhu wose anokwanisa kuzvitenga ivo pachavo uye vadikanwa vavo nekuyeuka mabhuku akasiyana-siyana ezvesayenzi, mabhuku, magetsi nezvimwe zviyeuchidzo zvinonakidza, pamwe chete nemifananidzo uye disks ane mifananidzo yezvakanaka zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi rose, kubva pane zvinotyisa zvinowanikwa pasi rose uye asteroids Uye kuguma nemasumbu makuru ezvikwata zvemarara zviri kunze kwemakona edu makuru uye zvisati zvanyatsoongororwa zvakasikwa.

Uye imwe pfungwa inokosha inokosha: tinofanira kuyeuka kuti kucherechedza kuripo chaizvo muguta. Scientific, uye kwete paAi-Petri, sevamwe nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero chikanganiso vanotenda. Yeuka kuti pagomo iri rakanyanya kukwirira uye rakaoma rokumhanya, kuiswa kwemauto ehondo kunogara zvachose, iyo inenge iri gadziriro yehurumende, uye kuenda kune kunze kunorambidzwa zvachose ipapo.

Panzvimbo yekupedzisa

Nheyo yekutsvakurudza ine yega yakadhindwa yakabudiswa, iyo inowanikwawo mumagetsi ehuwandu. Zita razvo rose ndiro "Izvestia yeCrimean Astrophysical Observatory" (T 79 - kududzwa kweimwe yemabhuku ayo). Kwemazuva ano kune archive inoshandiswa yevhesi, kubva munaJanuary, 1974. Kuparadzirwa kwemagazini, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvina kunaka sezvazvingadikanwa, asi nekuda kweIndaneti, munhu wese anogona kuona zviri mukati maro kune webhusaiti iyo.