Coefficient of elasticity

Nguva dzose kufungidzirwa kwekupa uye kudiwa kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva huwandu hwemashoko ekushandura pfungwa idzi pasi pesimba rechiitiko chakadai semutengo. Ndidzo dzidzo idzi uye dzinobvumirwa kuumba mutemo wezvematongerwo enyika - kuda uye kupa. Kujekesa kuitika kwemutengo kana chero zvimwe zvikonzero, zvakave zvakakosha kusika chiratidzo chehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu ( elasticity of supply), iyo inogona kuenzanisa kuwedzera kwemutengo pamwe nekuderedza kuwanda kwekudiwa kwezvinhu. Izwi iri rinopa mhinduro kumubvunzo - kuderedzwa uku kuchaitika nokukurumidza kana kuti zvishoma nezvishoma, zvakasimba kana zvisina simba.

Mune nhepfenyuro yezvemari, kuwedzera kweiiiii yakaratidzwa nguva, asi yakakurumidza kukurumidza. Elasticity munyaya yakawanda yakauya kuhupfumi kubva mune zvesayenzi yemasikirwo, uye kwekutanga kokutanga izwi iri rakashandiswa kune masayendisiti ezana remakore rechi17 naRo. Boyle mukutsvaga kwegasi nemiganhu yavo. Mune mabhuku ezvematongerwo enyika, pfungwa ye "kusununguka" yakatangwa muzana remakore rechi19 naA Marshall kubva kuBritain, yakateverwa nekugadzirwa kweyiyi pfungwa naJ. J. Hicks (uyewo kubva kuBritain) uye P. Samuelson vanobva kuUnited States.

Mukati mawo, izwi rokuti "elasticity" ndiro rinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemhinduro yekusiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nekushanduka kweimwe, asi kuva neukama humwe nehukutanga kukosha.

Kushandisa chiratidzo ichi kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupfumi, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuenzanisira kukwanisa kwehutano humwe hwezvematongerwo enyika hunoita kune humwe humwe humwe humwe humwe hutsva. Zvisinei, zvakakosha zvikuru zvinogona kuonekwa sechisarudzo chisina kubatana chezvikwata - kushandiswa kwemuitiro wekuyera muzana.

Muchidimbu, mazwi elasticity anoverengwa achishandisa kuwedzera kweiyo.

Nokudaro, kusununguka chinhu chiri chiratidzo muhuwandu hwemashoko anoratidza chikamu chinoshanduka mune imwe shanduko sechikonzero chekuchinja kwepfumbamwe pane imwe. Miganhu yechinje ichi ichibva kune zero kusvika kune zvishoma.

Nekutsvaga kwekusununguka mune zvehupfumi, kune mikana yakawanda, iyo:

- coefficient of elasticity iyi inoshandiswa nhamba iyo yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba mumutsotsi wokutsvakurudza;

- Elasticity inobvumira, kuwedzera, kuyera imwe kana imwe yehupfumi, asiwo kutsanangura chigumisiro chekupedzisira.

Mune hupfumi hwemazuva ano hapana imwe nzvimbo yebasa umo kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwekasa hakugone kushandiswa. Semuenzaniso, nheyo yehupfumi hwemari, kuongororwa kwekugovera uye kuda, kutarisira kwehupfumi, nezvimwewo.

Sezvinoreva tsanangudzo yekusununguka, kutaura kunomiririrwa nekuparadzanisa kuwedzera kwechiito chebasa nekuwedzerwa kwechimwe chezvimiriro zvakasiyana zvinogamuchirwa.

Panewo rumwe rutivi rwezviratidzo zvinofungidzirwa - arc elasticity, iyo inenge yakaenzana yezvinodiwa zvekutsvaga kana kupa kune zvinoenderana nekuchinja mumutengo, mutengo nezvimwe zvinhu.

Iko elasticity yeAcc inogona kurondedzerwa nenzira yehuwandu elasticity kana kutengesa, iri pakati nepakati, iyo inobatanidza pfungwa mbiri. Kutaura zvazviri, kufungisisa kunofunga nezvehuwandu hwehutano hwezviratidzo zvezvemari semutengo, kuda, kupa.

Elastic elasticity inofungidzirwa muhupo hwekuchinja kwakakura mumatengo kana mari. Ikoji ye arc elasticity, maererano naD. Rubinfeld naR. R. Pindike, nguva dzose iri pakati pezviratidzo zviviri zvekugadzikana kwepamusoro kwezvinhu zvakakwirira uye zvepamusoro.

Mune mamwe mazwi, munyaya yekuchinja kuduku muhutano hunofungidzirwa, pfungwa kana kuti yakasununguka kutengesa inotaridzwa, uye nokuda kwekukura kukuru, arc elasticity inoverengwa.