Chizvarwa chokutanga makombiyuta: pokutangira

In mutauro Chirungu, shoko "kombiyuta" rinoreva "kombiyuta". Ndizvo nechinangwa kuita Masvomhu yakaoma, kuti makombiyuta vokutanga vakasikwa.

Nhoroondo kombiyuta, zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, ane nemidzi yawo kare. Chokwadi, okutanga zvishandiso computational havaendi chero tichienzanisa ano, asi zviri navo, uye akatanga kusikwa noruzivo rwemakombiyuta. The chishandiso rokutanga rinobatsira vanhu vafunge zvainyatsozivikanwa nenhoroondo zvose.

Ancient Mushosho ndiyo remuti mundiro, jecha kusaswa. MuRussia, sechinhu chikuru chishandiswa nyore Masvomhu uye computations vaishandisa pfupa uchiora kupinda yemamota. Zvisinei, kubva kuvapo Russia achatora mamwe mazana emakore asati tinowana pedyo pakusikwa kombiyuta.

chizvarwa chokutanga makombiyuta chokuita mazita John of Neumann, Claude Shannon uye Alan Turing - dzidziso zvakananga kushanda kuti kukura noruzivo rwemakombiyuta. Vazhinji okutanga makombiyuta vakasikwa munguva kubvira 1945 kusvika 1954 ive kuedza kuti aedze dzimwe yokungotaura nzvimbo. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita anopiwa kukura itsva, nechokuita zvakananga Michina ruzivo, sayenzi - cybernetics. Up kusvikira 60s remakore rechi20 pasi zvakaburitswa cybernetics, sayenzi chokuita kukura noruzivo rwemakombiyuta, kusanganisira ayo vaizotibata kupfuura mirayiridzo - robotics uye kubata njere kuvamba. akasikwa chizvarwa chokutanga makombiyuta kwakavakirwa basa Vacuum sepombi (zvakafanana nezvaishandiswa mune materevhizheni vakura), makombiyuta, pakati pezana remakore rechi20, yakasvika rakakura zvikuru, munhu yoga kamuri zvinodiwa pokugara.

Kushanduka kombiyuta zvinosanganisira matanho inokosha shanu. Sei zvingangoita kuonekwa ndiyo nguva yedzinza rokutanga makombiyuta? Hatidi kufunga computational michina amadzitateguru edu ekare, sezvo ivo vari Chokwadi, havana ukama kuti chidzoke kwemichina kombiyuta. Pakusikwa okutanga makombiyuta, inova kumumvuri ari kombiyuta yemazuva ano, kunokosha chakadaro sainzi, sezvinoita sainzi, seboka.

Zvokukura Kugadzirwa kombiyuta:

• 1945-1954, guta - kusikwa wokutanga kombiyuta inobva pokumuka zvivako ruzivo kombiyuta naJohane of Neumann - chizvarwa rokutanga makombiyuta;
• 1955-1964, guta - kusikwa chizvarwa chechipiri makombiyuta kwakavakirwa transistors, pakutevedzera navo wokutanga uchishandisa hurongwa, kukura mapurogiramu mumitauro: Cobol, Algol, Fortran, kuti chidzoke makombiyuta kutengeswa;
• 1965-1974, guta - nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa microchips, kutanga kushandisa semiconductor ndangariro (RAM) iri kombiyuta, mavambo pamwero mukuru kugadzirwa makombiyuta.

Nepo kubvira 1975 kusvika 1985 ndiwo nguva akadzikama kukura Electro-makombiyuta.

Kubva 1985 vakatanga nguva wechina chizvarwa makombiyuta, kombiyuta Michina kuvandudza nokuwedzera pakukwanisa kwayo uye kuderedza kukura, Accessibility uye vakawanda kugadzirwa makombiyuta.

Chizvarwa wechishanu makombiyuta achirifananidza masayendisiti Japanese anoratidza kuvandudzika kuti huripo yokutevedzera makombiyuta uye pakasikwa noruzivo rwemakombiyuta, kukwanisa kunzwisisa mirayiro inodzidzisa kuti azvipire nemafungiro ake. Pasinei nokuti ndiani anoita chikuru zvirongwa dzimwe vavambi kana kwete, chizvarwa rokutanga makombiyuta akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha kukura mashoko michina yemberi. The makombiyuta kutanga, achitora yakakura chikonzero uye Rinotipa chikara chaicho, zvisinei, ndiye kumumvuri vose dzedu dzose PC. Pasina Kuvapo kwavo, nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Laptops, netbooks, mapiritsi, etc. hwaizodai.