Chirevo chechiLatin: mienzaniso. Dzakakurumbira mazwi echiLatini

Pane dzimwe nguva munhaurirano kana mazwi akazara asisakwanikwi, kana kuti anoita seamwari kune zvinoreva zvakadzama zvaunoda kuzivisa, uye zvino unouya kumubatsiro wemashoko ane mapapiro - ChiLatini ndeye simba pane simba rekufunga uye laconism.

Mutauro wechiLatin uri mupenyu!

Nhamba yakawanda yemashoko nemitsara mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana yenyika yakweretwa kubva muchiLatin. Yakadzika midzi, iyo inoshandiswa kakawanda. Somuenzaniso, munhu wose anoziva aqua (mvura), alibi (uchapupu hwekusachena), index (index), veto (kurega), persona non grata (munhu wavasingadi kuona uye haana kutarisira), shandura ego (wechipiri ini), alma mater (Amai-mukoti), caprice (tora nguva yacho), pamwe chete nezvose zvakazivikanwa post-scriptum (PS) zvinoshandiswa sezviri kutaurwa nemusoro mukuru, uye priori (kuvimba pane zvakaitika uye kutenda).

Kubva pahuwandu hwekushandisa mazwi aya, yakakurumidza kutaura kuti rurimi rwechiLatin rwakagara rwakafa. Achararama muzvirevo zveLatin, mazwi uye aphorisms kwenguva yakareba.

Mashoko anonyanyozivikanwa

Tsanangudzo shomanana yemashoko echiLatin anozivikanwa zvikuru, anozivikanwa kune vakawanda vanoda mabasa munhau uye kukurukurirana kwefilosofi pamusoro pemukombe weiyi. Vakawanda vavo vanowanzozvarwa munharaunda yekushandiswa:

Doom spiro, spero. "Chero bedzi pandinofema, ndinovimba." Uyu mutauro unotanga kuwanikwa mu "Tsamba" dzaCicero uyewo kubva kuna Seneca.

De Mortus Out Bene, Kubuda Nihil. "Vakafa vakanaka, kana kuti hapana." Zvinotendwa kuti mutsara uyu wakashandiswa nechiChilo muzana remakore rechina BC.

Vox populace, Vox Dia. - Inzwi revanhu iziso raMwari. Mutsara uyu wakarondedzerwa munhetembo yeHesiodhi, asi nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero kunonzi kunonzi mhistori William W Malmesbury, izvo zvisiri izvo zvakashata. Munyika yemazuva ano, mukurumbira wezwi iri wakaunzwa kufirimu "V - Vendetta".

Memento Mori. "Yeuka kufa." Izwi iri rakamboshandiswa sekwakwazisa kubva kune vatongi vakabatwa.

A note of ben! - Mvumo yekubhadhara. Inowanzonyorwa mumagumo ezvinyorwa zvefizi mafirosofi.

O Tempora, O mires! - Nezvenguva, o mores. Kubva "Kutaura pamusoro peCatilina" Cicero.

Postfactum. - Inowanzoshandiswa mukutsanangurwa kwechiito mushure mokunge tatoita chokwadi.

Nezvezvipikisa. - Nokuda uye kurwisana.

Inno veritas (in bono veritas). - Chokwadi mune zvakanaka.

Volence, Nolens. - Willy-nilly. Iwe unogonazve kushandura se "unoda, hausi kuda"

Ichokwadi muIini

Rimwe remashoko echiLatin anozivikanwa zvikuru "mune vino veritas", umo chokwadi chiri veritas, muvino - waini pachayo. Iyi inoratidziro inofanirwa nevanhu, kazhinji yakabatanidzwa girazi, nenzira yakangwara, inofananidzira kuda kwavo doro. Musoro unonzi anonzi munyori weRoma anonzi Pliny Mukuru, uyo akafira panguva yokuputika kweGomo reVesuvius. Panguva imwecheteyo, shanduro yake yechokwadi inonzwika zvakasiyana: "Chokwadi chiri muwaini chakanyanyisa kunyura," uye chinoreva ndechokuti munhu akadhakwa anogara achireva chokwadi kupfuura kungwarira. Mufungidziri mukuru aigara achinyorwa mumabasa ake nemunyori weBlock (munhetembo "The Stranger"), munyori Dostoevsky munhoroondo "The Adolescent" nevamwe vanyori. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanopikisa kuti kunyora kwechirevo ichi chechiLatin ndeyeye akasiyana zvachose, munyori wechiGiriki Alkey. Uyewo kune chirevo chakafanana chechiRussia: "Chii chinononoka mupfungwa, ndokudhakwa nerurimi."

Zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zvakashandurwa kubva kuLatin kusvika muchiRussia

Mamwe emishandisirwo anoshandiswa ikozvino anounganidzwa kubva mubhuku guru pane zvenyika uye ndiwo mbeu dzeuchenjeri hukuru, kubva kubva muzana remakore kusvika kumazana.

Uyo asingashandisi - haadyi (kubva tsamba yechipiri yeApostora Pauro). Muparidzi weRussia: uyo haashandi, haadyi. Izvo zvinoreva nezwi zvinenge zvakafanana.

Regai mukombe uyu upfuure neizvi. - Izvi zvinobviswa kubva muEvhangeri yaMateu. Uye kubva pane imwechete - mudzidzi haasi kumire kumusoro kwomudzidzisi wake. Yeuka kuti uri guruva. - Kutorwa kubva mubhuku raGenesisi, mutsara uyu unokuyeuchidza munhu wose akave anozvikudza mukukwirira kwaro kuti vanhu vose vanoitwa kubva kune imwe "muedzo".

Gomba risina chigadziko rinoreva mugomba risina chigadziko (Psalter.) Mutsara wechiRussia une anogue: dambudziko haringauyi roga.

Ita zvaunoda kuita (Evhangeri yaJohani). "Aya ndiwo mazwi Jesu akaudza Judhasi asati atengeswa."

Mitsara yezuva rimwe nerimwe

Chirevo chechiLatini nechinyorwa mumutauro weRussia (kuti zvive nyore kuverenga nokuyeuka) zvinogona kushandiswa mukukurukurirana kwakajairika, kugadzirisa matauriro ako neakachenjera aphorisms, ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha uye yakasiyana. Vakawanda vavo vanozivawo vazhinji:

Dias is doce. - Zuva rose rekare rinodzidzisa imwe itsva. Yakabatanidzwa mukunyorwa kwaPublieri Sir, uyo aigara muzana ramakore rokutanga BC.

Ecco Homo! "Kune Murume!" Izwi rinotorwa kubva muEvhangeri yaJohani, mazwi aPondiyo Pirato pamusoro paJesu Kristu.

Elephantham ex muscian facis. "Iwe unoita njovu kubva phiri."

Errare Humanum Est. - Ichokwadi kuti munhu aite zvikanganiso (izvi zvakare mazwi aCicero).

Essay kum videry. - Kuve, kwete kuonekwa.

Anime. - Kubva pamwoyo, kubva pamwoyo.

Mufaro wechiito ndechekuita. - Chigumisiro chinopa nzira (chiito, chiito, chiito).

Tsvaka mumwe munhu kuti awane pfuma kubva

Kui Bono naKui Prodest (chirevo chinotenderera). - Mashoko emutungamiri weRoma, uyo aigara achinyorwa naCicero, uyo anotsanangurwa kwose kwose nevashori mumafirimu emazuva ano: "Ndiani anobatsira, kana kutsvaka mumwe munhu anobatsira."

Vatsvakurudzi vezvinyorwa zvekare zvekare vanofunga kuti mazwi aya ndeaye gweta Cassian Raville, uyo muzana ramakore rokutanga rezana remakore redu akaongorora mhosva yacho uye akashandisa mazwi akadaro kuvatongi.

Mashoko eCicero

Mark Tullius Cicero ndiye mukuru mukuru wekare mukuru weRoma uye wezvematongerwe enyika uyo akatungamirira basa mukuratidza maitiro eCatilino. Akaurayiwa, asi mazwi akawanda eanofunga kwenguva refu anoramba achigara pakati pedu, sezvirevo zveLatini, uye chaizvoizvo vanhu vashomanana chete vanoziva kuti ndeyake kubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, munhu wose anoziva:

Ab igne İnnem. - Kubva pamoto moto (Russian: kubva mumoto uye mumoto).

Shamwari yakatendeka inozivikanwa mune bhizinesi risina kururama (muchiitiko pane ushamwari)

Kurarama ndekufunga (vivere anodya kogitare).

Zvimwe angarega achimwa kana kusiya (kunze kwebhabhati, kunze kwebate) - mutauro wacho waiwanzoshandiswa pamitambo yeRoma. Munyika yanhasi ine analogo: mune imwe imba yevamwe pamwe nesangano ravo haifaniri kuenda.

Iyi tsika ndiyo yechipiri (mutauro "Nezvakanakisisa"). Izvi zvakatorwawo nemunyori wePushkin:

Iyo tsika inopiwa kwatiri kubva kumusoro ...

Tsamba haibvumi (epistula non-erubescit). Kubva kuna tsamba yaCicero kuenda kumunyori wezvakaitika kare weRoma, umo maakataura kurumbidzwa kwake nekuti pamapepa anokwanisa kuratidza zvakawanda kupfuura mazwi.

Munhu wose anowanzoita zvikanganiso, asi benzi chete - kuti arambe achidaro. Kutorwa kubva mubasa re "Filipiki"

Nezve rudo

Muchikamu chino, zvirevo zvechiLatin (nekushandura) pamusoro pekunzwa kwakanyanya-rudo runopiwa. Kufungisisa pamusoro pezvinoreva zvakadzama, munhu anogona kutevera tsvimbo inobatanidza nguva dzose: Trahit sua quemque voluptas.

Rudo harubatwi nemishonga. Mashoko aOvid, uyo akazotaura zvakare Alexander Pushkin:

Chirwere che rudo hachigoneki.

Femina nihil pestilentius. "Hapana chinhu chinouraya kupfuura mukadzi. Mashoko eHomer guru.

Amori omnibus ari kuenda. - Chikamu cheViri Virgil achiti, "rudo nderumwe rwevose". Panewo kuchinja-siyana: rudo rwemazera ose vanozviisa pasi.

Rudo rwekare runofanira kurohwa nerudo, sekunge nedanda. Mashoko eCicero.

Nhoroondo dzechiLatin nemashoko echiRussia

Zvirevo zvakawanda zvechiLatini zvine zvirevo zvakafanana mumutauro wedu.

Eagle haigoni kubata nhunzi. - Nyeredzi imwe neimwe ine pira yake. Icho chinoratidza kuti munhu anofanira kutevedzera mitemo yavo yemitemo nemitemo yehupenyu, pasina kumira pasi pezinga ravo.

Zvokudya zvakawandisa zvinodzivisa kuve kwepfungwa. - Mashoko efilosofi Seneca, ane chirevo chakafanana pakati peRussia: dumbu rakazara nesayenzi matsi. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vakawanda vanofunga vachirarama muurombo uye nenzara.

Hakune udiki husina kunaka. Zvakanyatsofanana ndechokutaura munyika yedu. Kana zvichida mumwe mukomana wokuRussia akwereta kubva muchiLatini, uye kubva panguva iyoyo zvakaitika here?

Rudzi rwemambo chii chaunga. Analog-chii mupirisita, uye ndizvo zvakaita parish. Uye zvakawanda pamusoro pechimwechete: hapana nzvimbo iri kuveza munhu, asi nzvimbo yemunhu.

Chii chinotenderwa kuJupiter hachibvumirwi nehando. Panenge zvakafanana: Kesari - Kesari.

Ndiani akaita hafu yehondo - atotanga (yakanyorwa kuna Horace: "Dimidium truth, qui tzopit, habet"). Plato ine zvinoreva zvakafanana: "Kutanga hafu yechinhu", uyewo chirevo chekare cheRussia: "Kutanga kwakanaka kwehafu yepakati kwakaputirwa kunze."

Patriet fumus igne alieno luculenzior. - Utsi hwenyika yebaba huri kupenya kupfuura moto weimwe nyika (Russian) .- Utsi hwenyika yebaba hwakanaka uye hunofadza kwatiri).

Motto's mottoes

Chirevo chechiLatini chakashandiswawo sechirevo chevanhu vakakurumbira, mharaunda uye vakomana. Somuenzaniso, "kubwinya kusingaperi kwaMwari" ndicho chirevo chevaJesuit. Chirevo che Knights Templar ndeche "non-nobis, Domino, sed nomini tuo da gloriam", iyo inoshandura: "Kwete kwatiri, Ishe, asi zita renyu rumbidzai." Uyewo iyo yakakurumbira "Capre diem" (kubata nguva) ndicho chirevo cheEpicureans, chakatorwa kubva kuHorace's opus.

"Kana Kesari, kana chimwe chinhu," ndiro chirevo cheKadhinari Borgia, uyo akatora mazwi aCaligula, mambo weRoma, anozivikanwa nokuda kwekuda kwake kwakanyanya uye zvishuvo.

"Inokurumidza, yakakwirira, yakasimba!" - Kubva muna 1913 chiratidzo cheMitambo yeOlympic.

"De omnibus tibeto" (mukusahadzika kwose), - chirevo chaRené Descartes, nyanzvi yezvesayenzi.

Fluctuat nec mergitur (inofamba, asi haina kunyura) - panguvo yezvombo zveParis pane kunyorwa pasi pechikepe.

Vita ibhurosi yebhuruu, a nihil (hupenyu husina rusununguko harusi chinhu) - nemashoko aya Romen Rolan, munyori anozivikanwa wechiFrench, akararama hupenyu hwake.

Vivere Eats militar (kurarama, zvinoreva kurwisana) - chirevo chemukuru Lucius Seneca Muduku, munyori weRoma uye muzivi.

Nezvekubatsira zvakadini kuva polyglot

IInternet inotungamirirwa nenyaya pamusoro pemudzidzi ane unyanzvi wesangano rezvechiremba, uyo akaona kuti musikana ane gypsy akabatanidzwa kune musikana asingazivikanwe nekukumbira "kuisa peni uye kutaurira fuma yehombe." Musikana uyu akanga akanyarara uye ane nyadzi uye aisakwanisa kunyatsoramba kuramba. Murume uyu, achinzwira tsitsi nemusikana, akauya ndokutanga kudanidzira mazita ezvirwere muLatin, achisunga maoko ake kumativi ose. Iyo yekupedzisira yakakurumidza kudzoka. Mushure mechinguva mhandara nemusikana uyu vakafara vachiroorwa, vachiyeuka nguva inofadza yekuziva.

Mhedzisiro yemutauro

ChiLatini yakagamuchira zita rayo kubva pamatama aigara muLatium, nzvimbo duku mukati meItaly. Nzvimbo yeLatsium yaiva Roma, yakakura ichibva kuguta ichienda kuguta guru reMambo Hukuru, uye chiLatini chaizivikanwa semutauro wehurumende munharaunda yakawanda kubva kuAtlantic Ocean kusvika kuGungwa reMediterranean, pamwe nemativi eAsia, North Africa uye Mupata weEuphrates.

Muzana remakore rechipiri BC, Roma yakakunda Girisi, yakasanganiswa mitauro yekare yechiGiriki nechiLatini, ichipa mimwe mitauro yakawanda yemutauro weChirungu (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, pakati pemutauro wechiSardinian inonzi inonyanya kushandiswa kuLatin).

Munyika yanhasi, pasina mushonga, mishonga haigoneki, nokuti zvinenge zvose zvinorwara uye mishonga zvinonzwika mumutauro uyu, uye mafirosofi emafungiro ekare echiLatini achiri chimiro chemavara epistolary uye netsika yemararamiro epamusoro-soro.