Chinonyanya kukosha nzira kwesainzi

Pakati huru misimboti zivo yesayenzi iripo yakadai ukoshi uye applicability uchidzidzira. With chinangwa ichi, chinoitwa ano zvose zvakawanwa vezvesayenzi, naro vanhu rave kuedza napo kuti zviite kuvapo kwayo. Zvisinei, kuti munhu nesayenzi zvakawanikwa, zvakakodzera nounyanzvi kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti kwesainzi.

Ruzivo rwesayenzi kunosanganisira kushandisa empirical uye yokungotaura siyana dzokudzidza. Wokutanga anoti kune anoshanda kurutivi nyaya, sezvo inoshanda Data vakawana kubva zvakawanika uye kuedza; wechipiri unokubvumira uswedere chero mhedziso maererano zviripo mitemo uye hypotheses. Izvi siyana zvine chokuita, uye muganhu pakati pavo rakanyatsojeka shaky. Zvisinei, mumwe nomumwe wavo, kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi, kureva nzira dzinobatsira zivo yesayenzi. Pakati pavo vane yaanobhadhara uye induction, inotungamirwa hypotheses, kudhirowa ringanidzo, uye zvichingodaro.

Basic nzira kwesainzi rakakamurwa mapoka akawanda:
1) General nzira kwouzivi iyo vane widest siyana mafomu.
2) zvesayenzi, inobva zita, muri yakakodzera chero sainzi, asi anogona kushandiswa chete pane dzimwe nhanho kuwana zivo yesayenzi.
3) Special nzira kwesainzi. In dzezvoupfumi, evanhu, kemisitiri sayenzi vamwe vane chinokosha yavo nzira kuferefeta, vachibvumira ishande zvikuru noungwaru inoshanda zvaangaita zvakawanikwa uye.
4) Private nzira dzinoshanda munyika chaiyo zviitiko apo mubvunzo kugadzirisa chimwe chinetso.

Maererano neimwe kupatsanura, dzinokosha nzira nesayenzi tsvakurudzo pamusoro yokungotaura nenhanho zivo vanokamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu:

1) axiomatic nzira
The dzidziso kutsanangura izvi kana kuti Chiitiko, kwakavakirwa mitemo uye axioms, kubva izvo kuti mhedziso zvakakodzera. Rakarurama dzidziso pazvikanganiso zvazvisingarambiki axioms. Zviri pachena axiomatic nzira inonyanya akakodzera kutsvakurudza masvomhu uye zvisingarambiki. Pachezvayo axiom inosiya zvishoma kuoneka kuzvipokanidza Zvisinei, yokungotaura kudzidza rinofanira kuedzwawo tsika uye chete iyi zvinokwanisika kuti zvakarurama kutaura pamusoro nokusavapo kupokana.

2) The hypothetic-deductive nzira
Kugashira nzvimbo zivo yesayenzi, kushanda pamwe experimental uye yokungotaura zvinhu, uyewo vanogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti kwesainzi, asi zviri nani kuti nzira tsvagai-deductive. Panyaya iyi, kutsiva axiom pamusoro hypotheses, kururama iro riri kupupurirwa kuMudzidzisi yokungotaura uye inoshanda zvabuda. Zviri pachena, nzira iri rinonyanya kushandiswa mumunda rwokuzvarwa nesayenzi. Various nzira kwesainzi ari upfumi uyewo anoisa Kumikidzo nzira tsvagai-deductive. Zviri munzvimbo idzi Zvinokosha zvikuru kwete chete kufunga, asiwo kushandisa huripo ruzivo uchidzidzira.

3) Nzira Kunorondedzera
Kazhinji kuita zvapfuura nzira tsvakurudzo hazvisi akakodzera utsanangurirwe zvabuda. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kuenda muchikwata inorondedzera nzira. Ivo anoratidza kushandiswa siyana diagrams, vanodhirowa uye kutsanangura experimental mashoko vasina kare nesayenzi, uye haagoni kutsanangurwa pachishandiswa aivapo axioms uye hypotheses. Pano anobatsira guru basa kuedza pachayo uye Data vakawana nayo. Kuti anorondedzera nzira zvinonyanya yaiwanzoshandiswa zvipenyu, rezvoutano uye evanhu. Kusakwanisa kushandisa rapfuura nzira kwakavakirwa zvausingakwanisi: yayo vanachandagwinyira framework haabvumiri chero nzira kutsanangura experimental zvabuda.

Nokuti chero pamwero zivo yesayenzi zvakakosha kusarudza nzira yakarurama tsvakurudzo, nekuti uchava kiyi pakuwana zivo yechokwadi.