"Bora" - chikepe chombo hovercraft: tsananguro, nokurondedzerwa uye wongororo

Kuvapo RKVP "Bora" nguva refu asina kushanda, yakanga yakapoteredzwa chidzitiro zvachose vanzurudzo. Sezvo, Zvisinei, vakawanda Russian zvemauto. "Bora" - ngarava, izvo havambokwanisi analogues munyika. Nenyama, agility, kukurumidza zviri yakakwirira kuti haisi kukwanisa kubata uye kunyange torpedoes homing zvombo. The Black Sea Fleet rave wakaitwa dzidziso, apo vashandi RKVP kuzvigona mabasa, achitungamirira hondo kubudirira chete nezvikepe muvengi simulated.

Pfungwa iri pakagadzwa chikepe

Pfungwa yokutanga rakasikwa ngarava yakadaro kwakamuka panguva Second World War, kana muna 1942 vokuGermany dzakapasanura napakati eCaucasus. MuMoscow, padare vakakurukura gwaro Rocket constructor Chelomeya. zvakataurwa ake - kumisa chombo Avangard magwa kurwisa kugadzwa guru muvengi kunangwa. All vakabvuma kuti chirongwa chiri vaizotibata chaizvoizvo, asi kwenguva duku vambomira.

Chete pashure pehondo musi Stalin kuti zvirevo VMKB "Diamond" akasikwa 1949. Staff mhosva dzichiri zvaMambo zvikepe ane mhepo pamutsago, chaiva chakavanzika, neitsva musoro. Chinangwa chaiva kuumba super-kutsanya chombo magwa. The brainchild basa iri mune ramangwana uye kuva "Bora" - hovercraft.

Basa Bureau "Almaz"

Saka, muna Leningrad Design Bureau "Almaz" vakatanga kubuda pfungwa - vakatasva chitundumuseremusere launchers mu speedboats diki. Munyika kune Russian utsanzi vakaita zvadzorwa shora. Asi ari Six Day War muna 1967 akatendeuka anoratidzika, mushure chikepe muIjipiti (USSR production) ne rimwe chombo salvo akatuma pasi ane Israeli nemuparadzi. A enguva itsva iri Navy. Munguva 70s mainjiniya CB "Diamond" achitungamirirwa V. I. Koroleva akatanga kuisa mberi pfungwa pakusika chiedza magwa, catamarans, hovercraft. Izvi zvakawedzera kumhanya kufamba, agility, invincibility. The rakaoma - the angoerekana, zvakamubaya uye zvakafanana nokukurumidza kunyangarika. Saka akaberekwa duku chikepe "Bora" hovercraft.

miedzo okutanga

Kokutanga RKVP "Bora" kwakatangwa muna 1988, asi enyika uye zvoupfumi akaoma mamiriro ezvinhu haabvumiri kuti aedze pakarepo. Ngarava "Bora" yokutanga yakaratidza vabudirira dzavo muna 1991. Munharaunda Snake Island, kuti kweGungwa Dema, moto wekutanga, vakaita chakakomba mhirizhonga iri vatorwa utikitivha. Izvi zviri rengarava haana akasangana. New Russian muchiuto chikepe, achifamba ari kumhanya 40 nokusunungura mapfundo, apo kubudisa chombo chinonyengera. Chombo salvo achigadzirira mumasekonzi chete 30. Mumwedzi wokutanga bvunzo zvombo ina "Mosquito" zvakanyorwa kubvisa zvachose akaparadza patrol chikepe. Sezvingatarisirwa, kwepfuti izvi zvinogona kuparadza kunyange zvikepe pakukura, kusanganisira vatakuri ndege.

Small chikepe "Bora" pakuzivikanwa se "Sea muparadzi" nokuti basa rake raiva decapitate zvikepe, kureva kuti kunoparadza kurwadzisa huru chikepe nomuvengi dzechikwata. Zvadaro, pane rimwe yepamusoro kumhanya kupfuura mudziyo upi zvomumvura, kuvanda kubva maonero.

Muna 1991, Black Sea Fleet ine hovercraft yaro yokutanga - ichi chaiva "Bora".

Zvakakurukurwa muchikepe

Ngarava ine misha matani 1050. "Bora" rine kukura kwakadaro: yose upamhi - 17,2 m, urefu - 65,6 mamita Draft mudziyo - 3,3 m, kana supercharger inowedzerwa 1 M kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza ndiyo 55 change ... Kudzokororwa mufambo ari kumhanya 12 change - 2500 mamaira pa 45 change - 800 mamaira. The simba chirimwa zvinosanganisira: 2 GTU M10-1 inokwana 36 zviuru horsepower, zviviri Diesel M-511A inokwana zviuru 20 horsepower Diesel injini uye maviri M-504 kugona 6.6 zviuru horsepower .... Kunorwa zvinosanganisira launcher RCC "Mosquito" - 8 3M80 zvombo, zvitundumuseremusere 20 PU SAM "Osa-M", AK-176 - 76 mm atirari mugadziriro, AK-630 - 30 mm atirari enyika. Small chitundumuseremusere chikepe "Bora" anoramba ane vashandi vanhu 68.

Mal uye akabvisa

Two rakamanikana pekugara (kureba - 64 m, upamhi - 18 m) rakafukidza papuratifomu. Pamberi muchina chinhu tefa sikirini. Kunyange kana wave kukwirira kunosvika mamita maviri, mumwe injini simba 60 horsepower, vachibvumira aimhanya anosvika 55 nokusunungura mapfundo. Kana kukwirira chinozunguzirwa 3.5 mita nokukurumidza kunokwanisika muna 40 nokusunungura mapfundo. Mari mberi inopiwa maviri Diesel. High nokukurumidza achibvumira ngarava kudzivisa kubatwa homing zvombo, uye kunzvenga torpedoes.

Paaisika RKVP vanokwereta kare akawana ruzivo bureaus uye shipbuilding maindasitiri pakuvaka kumhara raanoziva mhando "Bison", "Adelia".

Chii chakasiyana RKVP? "Bora" - ngarava, ane hydrodynamic chikuva kuti inogona nyore kushandurwa. Propulsion chirimwa ane 36 Kushandisa nyaya. "Bora" - and catamaran ichi, izvo anoita nokukurumidza kusvika 20 nokusunungura mapfundo, uye panguva imwecheteyo wechikepe, inokwanisa kuva nzira dzinopfuura 50 nokusunungura mapfundo. RKVP ane zvakawanda inofamba panjodzi, uye mune hwandaiva ezvinhu. Mumakore kushanda pakanga pasina nyaya chikepe akapinda chengarava iwo. Uyezve, anogona kufamba kunyange chete propellers akatendeuka kure nokuda injini-mhepo blowers panguva yapfuura dzedenga pamutsago.

RCC "Mosquito"

On bhodhi "Bora" (chikepe) ndiyo inouraya RCC chokugadza "Mosquito." About navo zvizere. Matambudziko simba zvombo izvi yakasanganiswa anokwanisa kuparadza pakati kirasi uye kunyange ngarava sevatsvaki vemapuranga. Zvinoputika 3M80 "Mosquito" ane guru 150 makirogiramu. Kutanga Range - kubva 10 kusvika 90 makiromita. Kutanga chitundumuseremusere muchadya kumusoro, zvichiita pamukwidza, ipapo anoburukira kuti kukwirira 20 m, rava kusvika chipfuro ndiyo 7 M pamusoro mafungu uye anorovera kupinda Hull. Polubroneboynaya chikamu uye chihombe kinetic simba kubvumira dawo chero chipingamupinyi. A kuputika simba kunoitika mukati. Kunyange kana anokumhan'arira anoshandisa jamming ezvinhu, imwe zvikabatanidzwa kudzora hurongwa inowana yakakwirira zvakarurama mwero kuti 99%.

"Bora" iri Turkish chengarava Sinop

Muna 2013, kuTurkey, ari activation CHVMG "BLACKSEAFOR", iye aimiririra Russian Federation "Bora" - mumwe chitundumuseremusere chikepe pamusoro mhepo pamutsago. Warships Romania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ukraine muchirongwa matanhatu muviri uye drills. Ini pfungwa zvauri kuita? mapoka mhepo kurwiswa, wiring nokuda trawls, kufungisisa kurwiswa duku huru, sangano kukurukurirana, vadyi achifambisa, kufamba kudzora ngarava yaitakura kufungisisa, tsvakai uye kununurwa mugungwa yevanhu.

The vashandi chikepe "Bora" vakaratidza divi ravo zvakanakisisa. Zviito zvose pasi murayiro Captain 2nd Rank Trankovskogo akaita zvakanaka, zvakajeka yakarongwa nemutoo - ichi kunosimbiswazve nemashoko kumuyemura nevamwe vose vakanga vakatarisa zviitwa.

Mu "Artek"

Tsigira Black Sea Fleet vezvikepe tsika, masangano kubva yaitonga Soviet Union. Kana mugumo wenyika iya kuti reInternational Centre "Artek" akasvika "Bora" - ngarava, razova kudada rengarava yedu. Apedza rwisana mishoni RKVP "Bora" akanotaura kuzopamba ari vana pakati.

Mungarava akakwira mazana evana, anokosha Tours yaiitwa kwavari. Vachimuziva kwakanga zvakwo chaizvo, kunyanya kune vaya kudzidza vana wengarava zvikepe mu "Artek". Pano uye pakuzvichenesa kusunungurwa vadzidzi.

Vose vana vakafara pamwe chiitiko uye vakasiya inofambiswa yavo zvakanaka pashure kushanyira chikepe.

Traditional bonfire, chokupedzisira Kuchinja International "Artek" musasa yakavhenekerwa nomoto ingabvutirwe Kamudzira, deflated kubva mungarava "Bora".

"Bora" uye "Sandstorm"

Kutaura pamusoro chikepe "Bora" hovercraft, tisingatauri pamusoro wokwake. It RKVP "Sandstorm". Stories vava zvakafanana. "Sandstorm," muduku zvishoma. "Bora" uye "Sandstorm" - zvikepe chete mhando kungova kirasi chombo hovercraft.

Yokutanga wakaradzikwa mungarava "Bora" muna Zelenodolsk pedyo Kazan muna 1984 ari shipyard "Red Metallist". Water kwakatangwa muna 1987, uye muna 1991 - vanobatanidzwa Black Sea Fleet.

"Sandstorm" rine vapfumi nhoroondo kufamba. RKVP rakaumbwa muna 1991, zvakanga kutura mvura muna 1992. Kure negungwa gang hwakatamisirwa Sea Black. Muna 1992 - muna Kerch, muna 1993 - muna Sevastopol. Nokuti zvine chokuita kwezvikonzero, mugore iroro akanga kuzodzosera yakaitwa muna Zelenodolsk kusvika mugadziri. Muna September 1994, akaenda reBaltic. Ipapo kubva 1996 akaedzwa muna Baltiysk. Pamutemo, kuBaltic rengarava wakatangwa muna 2000. Muna 2002 moga RKVP "Sandstorm" rakazotamisirwa kuna Black Sea Fleet. Akabatana 41st chombo chinoita zvokukandwa chikepe bhurigedhi Black rengarava.

Guys vakabereka womusi warships izvi, refu yeuka makore akapedzerwa Navy, kusiya kuonga wongororo. Mumwe anoti basa iri vakauya uye achaita dzikamisa unhu, mumwe nokusingaperi kurangarira uto muviri. Uye, chokwadi, munhu wose anotaura noushamwari pamusoro cohesion iri chikwata, ushamwari uye comradely rutsigiro. Zviri pamusoro warships izvi zvichiitika Fraternity.

Where akaita zita "Bora" uye "Sandstorm"

Nokuti Soviet rengarava mazita akadai "Bora" uye "Sandstorm", pakutanga kuaona zvinoita isinganzwisisiki cup. Pashure pezvose, vakawanda vavo mumazuva iwayo ose zvinokosha zvinhu akadana mazita chero unhu umhare kana zviitiko zvinokosha kuremekedza Communist Party congresses, misangano, Misangano Koshanda.

Asi pano chaizvoizvo mutsetse uyu motokari yakanga paakavapa mazita akadai kujairika. Kare 30s okupedzisira remakore, akatanga kuonekwa pamusoro zvikepe zvikepe, patrol (chokwadi, vaparadzi), uyo aipfeka dutu mazita akadai "The Hurricane." Vafambisi akaitumidza ipapo "asina kunaka ekunze kupesana." The vatsivi dzino vakatanga jhn "The Tempest", "vakanyorerana kakawanda", "Storm" chirongwa Since 1234 uye akaramba tsika chombo hovercraft Project 1239 Designer Korolev zvinganaka kuvadaidza mazita kungoerekana mhepo inoparadza. "Bora" - Black gungwa squally mhepo kuuya kubva kuchamhembe. Kunyanya capricious "Novorossiyskaya Boron". "Sandstorm" - Zita Arabic pamusoro inopisa mhepo African kuti inouyisa sandstorms simba, akotsira zvose munzira kwayo. Saka, zviviri chikepe Russian ainzi mukukudza mhepo yakasimba, pamwe chete nokukurumidza akacheka gungwa nemvura, achibvisa zvipinganidzo.

Kufambira

Pasinei ayo pwere, kuti chitundumuseremusere chikepe "Bora" panguva ivepo, wasimbisa atirari uye chombo firings anopfuura zana. Ataurazve akazivisa zvakanaka RKVP chokuita wake, vakakunda mibayiro dzakasiyana mune mhando dzose kurovedza. Anorarama nezita raro, se "Bora" - dzisingori simba kuti kunounza yoku-.

• Muna June 2002, taiita dzakawanda Kufambisa panguva senyika pakati kuUkraine uye Russia, pashure iyo chombo hovercraft, ainzi nemhepo "Bora" uye "Sandstorm", dzakanga dzakabatanidzwa kuva bhurigedhi pamusoro pemvura zvikepe Russian Black Sea Fleet
• November 2006. "Bora" chikepe womuenzaniso akanga hwakaratidza panguva anoratidza muJakarta Indodefence kuratidza.
• 2008. Akava rokugadziridza ano.
• March 2009. Aishanda zvinhu kosi basa K-2.
• May 2013. The kekutanga chengarava mu Istanbul. Kuitawo pashoo IDEF-2013.
• August 2013. Kunobudirira mubasa activation uye muviri kweGungwa Dema VMG "BLACKSEAFOR".
• 2015. Kubatanidzwa gamba-guta Sevastopol wengarava achimisa paZuva ari Navy.
• Summer 2015. Current kugadzira chikepe akabata zvikuru zvinobudirira.
• Summer 2016. RKVP "Sandstorm" akagamuchira achimisa muna Sevastopol neZuva ari Navy muchirongwa.