Bhuku "Nei dzimwe nyika vapfumi uye vamwe varombo. Mabviro simba, kubudirira uye urombo ", Daron Acemoglu uye Dzheyms Robinson. Books pamusoro dzezvoupfumi

Bhuku "Nei dzimwe nyika vapfumi uye vamwe murombo" anozivikanwa somunhu zvakanakisisa-mutengesi. Zvinonzi verenga pose, vadzidzisi zano naye vadzidzi vake. Chii bhuku anoudza munyori, uye nei mashoko aya ari yakanaka yakadaro mhinduro? izvi zvose, verenga nyaya pazasi.

A sesumo

Bhuku "Nei dzimwe nyika vapfumi uye vamwe varombo. Mabviro simba, kubudirira uye urombo "zvakanyorwa shure muna 2012. Vanyori vaiva neoinstitutsionalista vaviri America - D. Acemoglu uye J. Robinson .. Basa ndiro Kuongororwa uye kunzwisisa dzokutambura zveBhaibheri zvose. At mwoyo bhuku iri itsva zvechechi pfungwa, nemhaka iyo, hachishandi kupa muverengi itsva shanduro neHurumende upfumi uye Pamagariro evanhu. Detail mubhuku anoongorora zvinhu kuona kwoupfumi kukura, mukana mari. Uyewo, nzvimbo wakasikwa unoratidza zvinoreva bhuku mashoko. Akanga zvachose vaitaura Chirungu, akazosvika kusvikira 2014.

Pfungwa huru

Acemoglu uye Robinson, mubhuku rake rinonzi inoratidza kuti vaongorori vakawanda vaiva zvakaipa. Vakandipa zano kuti upfumi hwenyika yacho inoenderana ayo nzvimbo, okunze, dzinza zvinoriumba, zviwanikwa uye kunyange nechitendero uye tsika. Tinofanira kubvuma kuti zvose izvi zvinokonzera utariri uye. Zvisinei, vanyori "Nei dzimwe nyika vapfumi uye vamwe varombo" kuramba zvachose mhosva yakadaro. ndangariro dzavo vanotsigirwa mienzaniso chaiyo. Muenzaniso peya munzanga dziri nzira dzakasiyana chaizvo okukura, muchiitiko ichi ndiwo zvinenge zvakafanana nenzvimbo uye nyika chimiro.

On chii, Saka, maererano vanyori, zvinoenderana upfumi kukura ehurumende? Daron Acemoglu anoti kuti inobva hunhu enyika uye zvoupfumi masangano munyika. Mubhuku, zvikuru kuongorora kukura upfumi kunyika dzakasiyana. Inoongorora uye rinofananidza enyika akasiyana kumasangano panguva dzakasiyana. By nokungwarira kuongorora nyanzvi vaiva zvinotevera nyika: Australia, Botswana, France, Mexico, USA, Colombia, South Korea, China, Soviet Union, Uzbekistan, yokuRussia Empire, Turkey, British Empire, ari Mayan nebudiriro, hweRoma.

Two yokutevedzera zvoupfumi masangano

Bhuku "Nei dzimwe nyika vapfumi uye vamwe varombo" anopa vaverengi mbiri dzinokosha yokutevedzera zvoupfumi masangano: asi extractive uye zvichibatanidzwa.

The extractive womuenzaniso anoratidza kuti vashoma vanhu vari kuwana zvose zvakanakira kubva munyika. Ichi boka kusarudzwa oga navamwe vagari venyika kwemari mikana iri mamiriro ezveupfumi. Nokuti muenzaniso uyu kunoratidzwa ne kuzvibvisa pfuma kana unobuda kubatsira rakamanikana boka revanhu. Kuvaka muenzaniso yakadaro kunogona bedzi pamusoro extractive masangano enyika kuti achadzivirira uye kuchengetedza ropafadzo boka.

Sanganisira womuenzaniso kunotibatsira kuita zvoupfumi ukama vakawanda vemo. Vagumirwe, ari inviolability dzakavandika pfuma inosimbiswa panguva zvemitemo chechetere. Chokwadi, muenzaniso yakadaro inogona kuvakwa chete maererano yemubatanidzwa masangano ezvematongerwo enyika.

Ndeupi muenzaniso nani?

Dzheyms Robinson rake bhururu kugumisa kuti vaviri yemashoko kubudirire, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo vakasiyana aika uye simba okukura. kukura kwoupfumi zvechokwadi zvinoita chete extractive womuenzaniso, asi ichava pfupi-pfupi, uye somugumisiro zvakanaka zvichaita vabatane. Sanganisira mhando vava nokukurumidza uye pasina chinovhiringidza. Izvi chibarirwo, nokuti mamiriro umo dzinenge nhengo dzose mubasa pamutemo kuzoita makomborero, inowana kubudirira mune zvoupfumi nokukurumidza. Munyika yakadaro hakuzovi nzvimbo urombo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yemubatanidzwa mhando kubvumira States nyore kutakura kwokunze uye dzimwe zvinetso, asi extractive womuenzaniso anogona chete kuwedzera zvinhu.

Uyewo chaizvo zvine musoro, nokuti vagari vane rakanaka nemararamiro, zvikuru vakavimbika kune hurumende vari kuisa. Vanoda uye vanokwanisa kuakunda dambudziko, achiziva kuti zvose zvinoitika mune ramangwana. The extractive womuenzaniso vagari vachafunga kuti zvose kunowedzera, uye hapana kupunyuka kubva urombo. It kungakonzera mienzaniso uye kusagutsikana.

-Yakareba maonero

Dzheyms Robinson anotenda kuti, pasinei mukana upfumi kukura extractive womuenzaniso, kwenguva refu zviri va neudhadha nokuda zvinoverengeka. Kana vanhu havagoni kuwana vabatsirwe zvidzidzo zvavo kana kuti kupa akawanda ehurumende, vachawanei basa akarasika. Panzvimbo wakadenha zvakatsauka incentives kuti zvinokurudzira vamwe mhosva. The extractive muenzaniso nhete boka revanhu tunodzivisa kukura zvesainzi uyewo pakatanga michina mitsva inogona kukanganisa simba ravo uye ruoko pamusoro itsvo mumaoko mamwe mapoka. Mazuvaano, iro rinoitwa pasi ezvinhu ari extractive womuenzaniso zvachose basa, sezvo iri uchibata hunhu. Muenzaniso ndiko kurwisa nyika kwamachinda mberi kwemaindasitiri. Yemubatanidzwa womuenzaniso tikamira vakakwirira aigona kuedza kudzivisa chirongwa kwemaindasitiri, asi kuti iye angadai vakakundikana nokuda nekusagona kukunda political simba masangano.

Muenzaniso USSR

Muenzaniso munyika zvoupfumi kukura kunoonekwa mune extractive womuenzaniso. Heavy indasitiri yakatanga chete kuburikidza mumusha mari. Kana purazi uyu unorganized chaizvo uye kwete chaizvo. Uyezve, zvakadini muzvigadzirwa mberi kwave kudzika zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope.

Nechekare ne 1970 mumusha zvinhu zvave redirected kuti indasitiri. Zvisinei, izvi akaisa Soviet ezvinhu kuti standstill: wechibharo hurongwa vasisiri vakashanda, kuti vepamusoro rokukunda shanduko, incentives zvoupfumi chose inoshayikwa. Kubuda denderedzwa ichi, hurumende yeSoviet vaifanira kusiya extractive muenzaniso utungamiriri, asi zvingadai kunotoreva kuwa simba. Somugumisiro ichi zvose zvakatungamirira kuti disintegration of USSR.

kana kuri kuchinja kunobvira?

Books pamusoro zvoupfumi nharo kuti kuchinja kubva extractive kune yemubatanidzwa utariri womuenzaniso zvinobvira. Uyezve, zvakaitika kakawanda munhoroondo. Patsanura imwe nyika kunoparirwa mumwe muenzaniso kana mumwe kwakaoma. Nyika dzakawanda dziri zvakavhenganiswa muenzaniso. Nyika yemazuva ano izere munyika vari pedyo mumwe yokutevedzera pamusoro apa, asi havana ayo unhu "zvakachena". Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pave extractive uye yemubatanidzwa nzira haisi zvakafanorongwa nokuda zvenhoroondo zvinhu.

Vanyori rinonzi "Nei dzimwe nyika vapfumi uye vamwe varombo" kumbotipa somuenzaniso "mbiri chimurenga." Rakava pokutangira yezwi UK yemubatanidzwa budiriro womuenzaniso.

Zvisinei, nhoroondo kuvazivisa uye neizvi kuchinja. Somuenzaniso, Republic of Venice. Hurumende dzichiitika simba rose mumaoko ake, akavhara kune vamwe vagari kuwana upfumi pfuma yacho. Izvi zvakaita zvakawanda zvinozoitika, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira kuparadzwa kwenyika.

iitike nzira

Political uye zvoupfumi masangano anogona kushandurwa. Asi muitiro inotsamira zvinhu zvakawanda. An rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne mwero extractable. The yakamanikana boka revanhu, zvikuru simba uye mikana vari kusimbiswa ayo maoko, kashoma kutamira ane zvichibatanidzwa womuenzaniso. No kukosha ndiyo nokuvapo mamwe mapoka evanhu (zvimwe nokuita mutemo), izvo zvinogona kanenge dzinonzi kudzivisa vapfumi. Practical zvabuda vave kubudirira haana pakarepo, asi vagari akafunga kuti kudzivisa zvinokwanisika uye zvakakodzera. Kana akazarura mukana kuchinja, vanhu vakanga vasina kumbotadza kurishandisa. Chechitatu chinokosha ndiko kusikwa hombe boka, vakabatanidzwa zvakafanana zvido - mumubatanidzwa kuti vaizomiririra zvakasiyana siyana sectors vemo.

Verenga bhuku pamusoro upfumi, zvinogona kunzwisiswa kuti kunyange kana vakadaro kuedza kuitwa kuti kushandura maitiro uye vakabva kunotungamirira chete mugumisiro. The boka, riri vachirwa vepamusoro, zvino anova zvakafanana. Iri nani Urombo katsika, izvo zvichiri kuitika dzinoverengeka inotaura.

Bhuku inoguma yokuti hachishandi zvamaronga nzira kukura Zvaifungidzirwa pahwaro richaitirwa yokutevedzera. Maererano navo, ivo rinoti havana political yakatsiga system (Haiti, Afghanistan), havazokwanisi kuita chinokosha zvoupfumi. Countries kuti vakakwanisa kuzadzisa mumwe rusununguko mune zvematongerwo enyika nemashoko, vangataura kuti simba uye kusagadzikana kwoupfumi kukura (Tanzania, Ethiopia, Burundi).

Reviews

Vatsoropodzi vakaratidza mafungiro akanaka kurutivi bhuku. Ongororo udzamu akanga pachena, kuti nharo rutapudzo uye mienzaniso yakananga. The shoma akaipa wongororo zvaibva pakuti nenzvimbo uye madzinza zvinhu anopiwa zvishoma kutarisirwa. Zvakanga yakataurawo kuti hachishandi kashoma yaibata zvinhu nekufemera pokumuka rinoti vakadai Masangano dzakawanda sezvo World Bank kana IMF.