Futurists - ndiani ichi? Futurists Russian. Silver Age Futurist

Futurism (kubva muchiLatin futurum, rinoreva "ramangwana") - iri chains-garde sangano iri uri muEurope 1910-1920, kunyanya kuRussia uye Italy .. It akatsvaka kusika Yaunoti "nounyanzvi yemberi", vamiririri ichi akarondedzera pachena.

Mubasa FT Marinetti, nomudetembi wokuItaly, Cubo-Futurists Russian munzanga "Gilei", uyewo vechikamu ari "Mezzanine nhetembo", "Ini-Futurists Association", "kuruka" akaramba Pachivanhu sezvo nhaka "kare", kugadzirwa aesthetics kuti muchina indasitiri uye urbanism .

mamirire zvinhu

Nokuti kupenda nzvimbo iyi kunoratidzwa nodules chimiro, panofamba, akawanda repetitions vavariro siyana, kufanana summation of zvichizoita kutsanya-inofamba ruzivo. KuItaly, pakati Futurists -. Uyu John Severini, U. Boccioni. Mumabhuku, pane musanganiswa ingano uye vhidhiyo zvinhu, mu nhetembo - kwacho ne mutauro ( "musoro" kana "mashoko rusununguko"). Russian mudetembi Futurist - ndiye V. V. Mayakovsky, V. V. Hlebnikov, I. wokuchamhembe, A. E. Kruchenyh.

mapoka

Izvi zviri kuitika yakabuda mumakore 1910-1912, pamwe chete acmeism. Acmeists, futurists uye vamiririri dzimwe dzenzvimbo modernism mubasa rake uye mubatanidzwa vaizvivimba dzinopesana. Rinonyatsooneka pakati Futurists mapoka, akazonzi Cubo-Futurism, vakabatana siyana vadetembi of Silver Age. The kupfuura akakurumbira kwayo mudetembi Futurist - ndiye V. V. Hlebnikov, D. D. Burlyuk, V. Kamensky, Kruchenykh, V. V. Mayakovsky nevamwe. Egofuturizm I. Severianin (nyanduri I. V. Lotarev, makore oupenyu - 1887-1941) aiva mumwe akasiyana ichi muitiro. In boka "Centrifuge" vakatanga basa ravo anozivikanwa vadetembi Soviet B. L. Pasternak uye N. N. Aseev.

Rusununguko enhetembo shoko

Futurists Russian akadanidzira rusununguko chimiro uye kugutsikana, ayo chimurenga, madiro pamusoro enhetembo shoko. Ivo zvachose vakaramba mabhuku tsika. Muna Manifesto, ane cocky chaizvo kunzi "nembama kumeso yavose kuravidza", yakabudiswa chete kuunganidzwa 1912, vamiririri ichi muitiro akakurudzirwa kukanda kubvisa "chikepe modernity" vakaziva zviremera akadai Dostoevsky, Pushkin uye NdiTolstoy. Kruchenykh vakarwira kodzero Nyanduri kusika, mutauro wavo "abstruse", usina kunyanya kukosha. ndima ake Chokwadi ne isinganzwisisiki zvakunoreva yakatarwa, mashoko. Asi VV Kamensky (Makore oupenyu - 1884-1961) uye V. Khlebnikov (Makore oupenyu - 1885-1922) dzakakwanisa kuita basa rake anonakidza kuedza vane mutauro kuti zvibereko kukanganisa National nhetembo.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky

Futurist uye aiva nyanduri akakurumbira Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (1893-1930). nhetembo yake yokutanga dzakabudiswa muna 1912. Vladimir Vladimirovich zvakaunzwa nharaunda iyi pachake dingindira raro, izvo zvinoita kubva pakutanga imire pakati dzimwe nhengo. Mayakovsky, Futurist lobbied kuti pakasikwa upenyu hutsva munzanga, uye kwete chete kuzorwa siyana "zvisingavaki muviri".

Chakapfuura yaifamba 1917 apo nyanduri aiva echimurenga kudanana, uyo akashora vanonzi umambo "mafuta", akafanoona Kusaona echimurenga dutu. Vachiramba zvose zviripo capitalist noukama ezvinhu, akazivisa kutenda humanist mune munhu nhetembo akadai "nomuzongoza nenyere", "A Cloud mu Trousers", "murume", "Hondo uye Rugare". Topic rakabudiswa muna 1915 (chete truncated muchimiro kusenza), kuti nhetembo "A Cloud mu Trousers" mudetembi iye kunotsanangurwa mberi se 4 kushevedzera "Down!" Down murudo, unyanzvi, hurongwa uye chitendero. Aiva mumwe vanyanduri vokutanga Russian akaratidza mundima dzavo chokwadi vanhu itsva.

nihilism

Mumakore anotangira yechimurenga Russian nhetembo iripo wakajeka unhu, waiva zvakaoma anotaurwa imwe mabhuku sangano. It M. I. Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) uye M. Voloshin (1877-1932). Pashure 1910 pane chimwe chitsva nhungamiro - futurism, kushora pacharo yose mabhuku, kwete chete zvakapfuura asiwo chipo. Zvino munyika ine chido kukanganisa zvinangwa zvose. Nihilism anogona kuonekwa kwokunze kugadzirwa vanyanduri akaunganidzwa, izvo dzakabudiswa iri seri Wallpaper kana vachivhara mapepa uyewo dzavo mazita - "Dead Moon", "hachi mukaka" uye zvimwe zvakafanana Futurist nhetembo.

"Rova Pakutarisana Public Papilas"

In wokutanga rakabudiswa muna 1912 rinonzi "mbama Pasinei Public Ravirai" yakabudiswa kuzivisa. Rakanga chasainwa anonyatsozivikanwa vadetembi-futurists. Yaiva Andrew Kruchenykh, David Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky uye Velimir Khlebnikov. Mariri vaitaura oga kodzero yavo chinhu, kuti vave vatauriri munguva yake. Vadetembi akaramba sezvo neururami Dostoyevsky waMwari, Pushkin, NdiTolstoy, asi panguva imwe chete uye Balmont, ake "mafuta ufeve," Andreyev vake "nebhitumini inetsvina", Bamba Gorky, Alexander Blok, Aleksandra Kuprina nevamwe.

Kuramba futurists zvose Manifesto unopisa "mheni" kuzvidzora inokosha shoko. Pasina kuedza, kusafanana Vladimira Vladimirovicha Mayakovskogo, kupidigura huripo kurongeka munzanga, ivo chete vaida dzifambirane siyana ake. Mugore Russian shanduro sirogani "hondo - chete utsanana wenyika", anonzi nheyo Italian Futurism, akanga simba, zvisinei, maererano Valery Bryusov, dzematongerwe ichi vachiri "akamira pakati pemitsara."

Sezvataona ne Vadim Shershenevich, Silver Age Futurist kutanga amutsa zvakakodzera pamwero chimiro, zvichiriita kukosha wechikoro, samotselevogo che basa. Ivo categorically vakaramba ndima kwakanyorwa wakarurama nokuda imwe pfungwa. Naizvozvo, paiva seti kwomuitirowo akazivisa dzemitemo.

The mutauro mutsva

Velimir Khlebnikov, mumwe theorist pamusoro Futurism, yakazivisa mutauro sezvo mutauro ramangwana pose itsva "abstruse". It anorasikirwa zvinoreva shoko, pane kuwana kuzviitira yokureva. Saka, mavhawero kunonzwisiswa sezvo nzvimbo uye nguva (aspirational), nemavara - inzwi, ruvara, kunhuwidza. Mukuedza kuwedzera miganhu mutauro, rinopa pakusika mashoko pahwaro mudzi (mudzi: nemazango ..., pfungwa ... - "isu Charu uye vaitambira kure").

Aestheticism simvolisticheskoy uye kunyanya nhetembo Acmeist Futurists vaipikisa akasimbisa deestetizatsiyu. Somuenzaniso, "nhetembo - rabvaruka wench" David Burliuk. Valeriy Bryusov ari kudzokorora "Gore Russian nhetembo" (1914) yakati, ichiti achiziva kutsvinyirwa Futurist nhetembo, hazvina kukwana tuka chinhu kunze denderedzwa kwavo, kuti kuwana chinhu chitsva. Akataura kuti zvakagadzirwa izvi zvose ostensibly zvekufungidzira vadetembi. Tikasangana navo nhetembo ramakore rechi18, muna Virgil uye Pushkin, uye ruzha-mavara dzidziso akanga aronga Teofilem Gote.

kunzwisisa kwakaita ukama

Zvinofadza kuti, nokuti vose kuramba vari unyanzvi, kuti Futurists Silver Age vachiri kunzwa chamazuva ose okufananidzira. Saka, Alexander Blok, uyo aitarisira basa Igorya Severyanina anodaro hanya kuti haina nyaya uye nyaya 1915 Valeriy Bryusov akaona kuti nekusagona kufunga uye kushaya ruzivo kuchiti nhetembo yake. Iye blames wokuchamhembe muna vulgarity, zvakaipa kuravira, kunyanya vachitsoropodza nhetembo ake pamusoro hondo.

Kunyange shure muna 1912 Aleksandr Blok akati kuti aitya izvo modernists vasina core. Nokukurumidza, pfungwa "Futurist" uye "anokudheerera" vava zvinofanana nomwero ruzhinji makore iwayo. Press rinonyatsotevedza akatevera "mabasa" ari creators yacho unyanzvi hutsva. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, ivo chikazikamwa voruzhinji, mwoyo yakawanda achiteerera. Nhoroondo muitiro uyu Russia iri kunzwisisa ukama pakati pemapoka mana makuru, rimwe nerimwe iye akatenda kuti iye anoratidza "wechokwadi" futurism, uye zvinotyisa nharo nevamwe, kudenha zita basa. kurwisana uku kwakaitika yakawiriranwa kutsoropodza Rwako, izvo anowedzera voga avo uye noruvengo. Asi dzimwe nguva nhengo akasiyana akabva mumwe kana converging.