Aripiko ozone rukoko? Chii ozone rukoko uye nei kuparadzwa kwaro kwakaipa?

Ozonosphere - rukoko zvomumhepo yedu, ukaramba kupfuura vanachandagwinyira chikamu ultraviolet chakarondedzera. Dzimwe mhando chezuva tigume zvipenyu. Nguva nenguva ozonosphere anova wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, zvinoratidzika mumwena inosiyana. Yomuka kuburikidza makomba pamusoro pemvura Pasi anogona takasununguka pinda mwaranzi ngozi. Aripiko ari ozone rukoko? Chii chatingaita kuti zvichengetedzwe? Anokurukura jogirafi paNyika uye ikoroji rakazvipira yaida nyaya.

Chii ozone?

Okisijeni munyika zviripo muchimiro maviri nyore gaseous yeimwe, chikamu nemvura zhinji kwazvo dzimwe zvakafanana inorganic uye Organic zvinhu (silicates, carbonates, sulfates, mapuroteni, carbohydrate, mafuta). Mumwe anozivikanwa nani allotropic okunatsiridza chaikosha - nyore fuma okisijeni, ayo payakavakirwa - O _2. Second Modification maatomu - O (ozone). The yemaitiro yamarudzi ichi - About _3. Triatomic mamorekuru akaumba kana ane nekumwisa simba Somuenzaniso, somugumisiro mheni discharges zvakasikwa. Next, tichawana kunze chii ozone rukoko Nyika, nei Ukobvu rinogara achinja.

Ozone pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu - gasi yebhuruu ane jeko, chaicho munuhwi. The samolecular kurema pfuma ndiyo 48 (nokuti kuenzanisa - Mr _(Air) = _29.). Munhuwi ozone wakafanana nowenyika nemabhanan'ana, nekuti pashure ichi dzinongoitika chakajairika O ₃ mamorekuru mudenga kunova huru. Wevasungwa inowedzera kwete chete pane ozone layer asiwo pedyo pepasi. Zviri mishonga kushingaira fuma chepfu kuna zvipenyu, asi nokukurumidza dissociates (hwatsvuka). Mumarabhoritari uye maindasitiri dzinokosha mano - ozone emagetsi - nokuti wakapfuura nemagetsi discharges nomumhepo kana oxygen.

Chii ozone rukoko?

Molecules O ₃ vane yakakwirira zvemakemikari uye chaivo basa. Accession rechitatu atomu kune diatomic okisijeni iri pamwe yakawedzera simba okuchengetera remubatanidzwa uye kusagadzikana. Ozone richakurumidza uchiora kupinda samolecular okisijeni uye chinoshingaira PARTICIPLE kuti oxidizes nesimba zvimwe zvinhu uye anouraya tusingaoneki. Asi vazhinji nhau kwakabatana hwema remubatanidzwa chokuita kuwanda yake mumhepo pamusoro penyika. Chii ozone rukoko uye nei kuparadzwa kwaro kwakaipa?

Zvakananga panguva pemvura puraneti anogara mumwe mari samolecular O _3, asi pamwe kukwira kunowedzera wevasungwa kuti akakura. Paumbwe fuma iyi rikaitika stratosphere nokuda ultraviolet nemwaranzi kwezuva, akatakura guru dziripo simba.

ozonosphere

Pane nharaunda muchadenga pamusoro Earth, apo ozone ari kupfuura ari pamusoro. Asi ruzhinji goko zvinosanganisira mamorekuru ose O ₃ - mutete uye discontinuous. Aripiko ozone layer kana ozonosphere nyika yedu? Inconstancy pakukora chidzitiro nguva kuvhiringidza vatsvakurudzi.

The chadenga kwePasi anogara kupa imwe yakawanda ozone, pane zvinokosha zvakasiyana wevasungwa aro kukwira Data. Ngationgororei nyaya idzi mushure uzive chaiyo nzvimbo nhovo O ₃ mamorekuru.

Aripiko ozone rukoko?

A nemuumbi nokuwedzera ozone mamorekuru rinotanga chinhambwe 10 km uye anorambira kusvika 50 km pamusoro penyika. Asi nhamba yemabhuku nefuma, iyo inowanikwa iri troposphere - kuti haasi chidzitiro. Sezvo kure kubva pasi huri anowedzera ozone arambe achirema. Kufadza tsika kuitika munzvimbo stratosphere, nzvimbo yaro pagungano nekukwirira 20 kusvika 25 km. Pano mamorekuru O ₃ mabhati 10 nguva kupfuura pepasi.

Asi nei pakukora kuvimbika ozone rukoko ane hanya remasayendisiti uye vanhuwo zvavo? Boom pamusoro mamiriro nhoo akaputsa rokupedzisira remakore. Vanotsvakurudza vakawana kuti ozone rukoko pamusoro Antarctica akava wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose. Chikonzero chikuru kuti Chiitiko hwakagadzwa - samolecular dissociation O _3. Kuparadzwa ndiko mugumisiro migumisiro zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvabatanidzwa, vakuru pakati pavo iri anthropogenic chokuita nemabasa evanhu.

ozone mugomba

Mumakore 30-40 makore, masayendisiti akacherechedza chimiro mumakomba amudzivirire pamusoro pepasi. Yambira masayendisiti anonzi mishumo kuti ozone rukoko - nhoo Nyika - anonyadziswa nokukurumidza. Vezvenhau vose vari pakati-1980s, yakadhindwa mashoko pamusoro "mugomba" pamusoro Antarctica. Vaongorori vakaona kuti mukaha mumarudzi ozone rukoko kunowedzera muchirimo. The chikonzero chikuru kuvadza kukura vaizivikanwa, chakagadzirwa uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinhu - chlorofluorocarbons. Vakawanda boka yeimwe izvi - freon kana refrigerant chikwata. Kune zvinopfuura 40 zvinhu kuva boka iri. Vachibva zvinyorwa zvizhinji, nokuti mafomu zvinosanganisira zvokudya kubudiswa, zvemakemikari, anonhuwira nezvimwe maindasitiri.

The sezvamunoita freons, kunze kabhoni uye rehydrogen, zvinosanganisira halogeno: fluoro, chloro, Bromo dzimwe nguva. A dzakawanda zvinhu zvakadai refrigerants inoshandiswa sefiriji, mhepo conditioners. By pachavo, freons kugadzikana, asi panguva yakakwirira tembiricha pamberi basa namakemikari nevamiririri sei oxidation. Pakati zvakaitwa zvinogona kuva yeimwe izvo chepfu kuna zvipenyu.

CFCs uye ozone nhoo

Chlorofluorocarbons O3 mamorekuru anosangana uye achaparadza runodzivirira pamusoro Earth. First rive dete ozone rukoko vakagamuchirwa nokuda dzinongoitika kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu pakukora, kuti zvinoitika nguva dzose. Asi nokufamba kwenguva gomba, kufanana "mugomba" pamusoro Antarctica, vave kuonekwa mhiri Northern Hemisphere. Kuwanda pakoromoka akadaro kwakawedzera kubva pakutanga pakuongorora, asi hukuru iduku pane ari kondinendi nechando.

Pakutanga, masayendisiti chokwadi kuti CFCs kukonzera ozone Kuparadzwa kwacho. Ava zvinhu rurefu samolecular uremu. Sezvo vanosvika stratosphere apo ozone layer kana kwakanyanya zvikuru kupfuura oxygen, senitrogen uye carbon dioxide? Zvingaonekwa kuti akwira dzenzvimbo mumhepo panguva mabhanan'ana, uye kuedza kuratidza mukana kupinda dzakasiyana nezvimedu pamwe mhepo kuti nekukwirira 10-20? Km pamusoro penyika, apo pane muganhu troposphere uye stratosphere.

Kusiyana kuvaparadzi ari ozone

The ozone Chidzitiro mapazi anogamuchirawo senitrogen oxides kunokonzerwa kubva combustion iri injini uye supersonic ndege pakubhadhara siyana kuti chitundumusere-musere. Mukwanisi Pamazita zvinhu izvo dziparare ezvinhu ozone rukoko enyika kuputika choutsi. Dzimwe nguva chekubuda gaseous uye guruva kusvika nekukwirira 10-15 makiromita uye kupararira kumazana ezviuru makiromita.

Smog pamusoro maindasitiri makuru nzvimbo uye mumaguta kunoitawo kuti dissociation yacho mamorekuru iri O ₃ mhepo. Chikonzero kuwedzera kukura ozone mugomba iri kukurukurwa kuwedzera wevasungwa kunzi girinihausi magasi ari mumhepo, uko ozone rukoko. Saka, munyika yose dambudziko kwezvakatipoteredza yokuchinja ekunze kwakabatana zvakananga nyaya pamusoro pokuparadzwa ozone. Chokwadi chokuti girinihausi magasi ane zvinhu izvo vakaitei nemashoko O ₃ mamorekuru. The ozone dissociates okisijeni kunokonzera oxidation vamwe zvinhu.

Ngozi kurasikirwa ozone nhoo

Paiva makwanza iri ozonosphere kuti muchadenga, chitarisiko CFCs nemamwe ratinoona Zvinosvibisa? nyaya ava nharo, asi kuguma ndiye chete: kuti ozone rukoko zvomumhepo vanofanira kudzidza uye kuyeuka pakuparadzwa. Nyika yedu pasina chidzitiro samolecular O ₃ anorasikirwa ayo kudzivirira utsinye yepasi pose mwaranzi imwe urefu, asi zvakawanda kushingaira fuma rukoko. Kana ozone nhoo mutete kana kushaikwa, dzinokosha dzinotsanagura upenyu Panyika vari mungozi. Kunwisa ultraviolet nemwaranzi kunowedzera mikana kunotouraya ari mumasero zvipenyu.

Kuchengetedza Ozone rukoko

Kushaya mashoko pamusoro pakukora nhoo muzana remakore rapfuura uye chemakore zvinoomesa Zvaifungidzirwa. Chii chinoitika kana ozonosphere kuparadzwa zvachose? A mashomanana emakore vanachiremba kuona kuwedzera kwenhamba yevanhu kubatsirwa sei kenza ganda. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvirwere, chinoguma kunyanya ultraviolet irradiation.

Muna 1987, nhamba nyika acceded kuna Montreal Protocol, izvo ndehwokuti kuderedza uye rirambidzwe zvachose pagadzirwe chlorofluorocarbons. Yaingova chimwe matanho ichabatsira kuponesa ozone rukoko - ultraviolet nhovo Wepasi. Asi CFCs dzichiri zvinoberekwa bhizimisi uye kupinda mhepo. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvaidiwa Montreal Protocol kwakakonzera kuderera kwemitambo makomba ozone.

Chii wose kuita kuti tiponese ozone rukoko?

Vaongorori vanoti pakupora izere amudzivirire kuchiri mashomanana emakore. Izvi ndozvazvakaita kana anomira zvechisimba atsamwira, zvichikonzera yakawanda nechokwadi. Greenhouse magasi kuramba iyerere mumhepo, ikabereka chombo chinonyengera uye dzimwe nzvimbo motokari, kuwedzera zvikepe munyika dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masayendisiti asi kutanga nzira inobudirira chokudzivirira ozone nhovo pakuparadzwa.

Panguva zvipfuwo vanochiva mumwe nomumwe anogona kubatsira. Ozone zvishoma achava akafumuka kana mhepo yakachena achava vasaita muguruva, chin'ai, muchetura motokari exhausts. Kuti adzivirire ozone rukoko anofanira dzakaonda kumisa kupiswa tsvina, kuti asimbise kumarudzi avo njodzi inoraswa. Vehicles vanofanira chinja dzimwe zvakatipoteredza ushamwari rinochiwedzera, kwese kunze marudzi akasiyana simba.