Apo mapuroteni usage kunoitika? Musimboti acho, uye nzvimbo mapuroteni usage muchitokisi

Muitiro mapuroteni biosynthesis kunokosha zvikuru kuti sero. Nekuti mapuroteni zvacho zvinhu kuti vatambe chinokosha basa rinenge vari irreplaceable. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, muchitokisi yose pezvakaitwa chinozoiswa cheni mapuroteni biosynthesis, unobva muna organelles dzakawanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti muchitokisi kubereka uye zvingangoita ariko.

Pfupiso mapuroteni biosynthesis

Nzvimbo bedzi kwetunhu mapuroteni - chinhu ine endoplasmic reticulum. Heino unorema ribosomes, izvo basa paumbwe imwe polypeptide chain. Zvisinei, asati padariro shanduro (mapuroteni usage), zvinoda activation pamusoro Gene, iro rinochengeta mashoko nemamiriro puroteni inotanga. Zvadaro, mugove ichi kunodiwa kutevedzera DNA (kana RNA, kana aiona kwemabhakitiriya biosynthesis).

Mushure DNA kopi RNA zvaida kusikwa ane ruzivo kwacho. Pahwaro ayo mapuroteni usage chichaitwa kubva cheni. Uye zvose matanho kuti kuitika chokuita nucleic acids, tinofanira kutora nzvimbo muchitokisi musimboti. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi nzvimbo mapuroteni usage kunoitika. nzvimbo iyi, iyo kugadzirira biosynthesis.

Ribosomal mapuroteni biosynthesis

nzvimbo Main apo puroteni usage - nayo ribosome, sero organelle, iine subunits maviri. Zvivako kwakadaro muchitokisi chihombe mari, uye vari kunyanya riri membranes ari dzemakwiringwindi endoplasmic reticulum. biosynthesis pacharo sezvinotevera: muchitokisi musimboti aumba mutumwa RNA anoenda kuburikidza renyukireya pores kupinda cytoplasm uye vanosangana pamwe ribosome. Ipapo mRNA ari padivi musiyano pakati ribosome subunits, dzakatsigira Kuda kutamba wokutanga amino acid.

Kunzvimbo puroteni usage, amino acids vari kusvitsa pachishandiswa chinja RNA. Mumwe Morekuru vakadaro. kutsungirira mumwe amino acid. Vanobatana panguva zvichienderana kutevedzana ari mutumwa RNA codons. Uyewo, kuti kwetunhu anogona kumiswa kwekanguva.

Nepo kutamira pedyo mRNA, iyo ribosome anogona kupinda nzvimbo (introns) kuti murege encode amino acids. Munzvimbo idzi, mumwe ribosome chinokambaira mRNA, asi hapana amino iine acid kuwedzera cheni. Pangosvika ribosome zvasvika exon kureva nzvimbo, iyo inofananidzira yacho acid, zvino ari zvakare vasiyana polypeptide.

Postsynthetic nadzurudzo kwemapurotini

Mushure kusvika vanorega codon ari ribosome mRNA zvakananga kwetunhu kwacho kunogumira. Zvisinei zvichiguma Morekuru ane chikuru marongerwo uye asi haagoni kuita mabasa kungoitwa nokuti. Kuti zvakanaka richishanda, kuti morekuru inofanira kurongwa imwe yakarongeka: yechipiri, tertiary kana kunyange kupfuura akaoma - quaternary.

The STRUCTURAL sangano puroteni

Secondary mamiriro - padariro rokutanga STRUCTURAL sangano. Kuti vabudirire chinonyanya polypeptide cheni vanofanira spiralized (kuumba Alpha-akamonyoroka) kana kukoneswa (kusika munhu Beta-akaturikidzana). Zvadaro, kuti atore kunyange zvishoma nzvimbo pamwe Kureba Morekuru zvikuru vakatama pamwe chete uye muchikuvadza kuva bhora kubudikidza sehydrogen, covalent uye Ionic zvisungo, uyewo interatomic mukukurukurirana. Saka, munhu globular mapuroteni mamiriro.

Quaternary mapuroteni mamiriro

The quaternary Murongerwo ndiyo chakaomesesa zvose. Inoitwa muzvikamu wandei ine globular marongerwo chokuita fibrillar polypeptide tambo. Mukuwedzera, tertiary uye quaternary mamiriro anogona vanoumba mumwe carbohydrate kana lipid vakasara, izvo anowedzera kuwanda mapuroteni mabasa. Zvikurukuru, glycoproteins, kunzwisisa yeimwe ose ane puroteni uye carbohydrate tiri immunoglobulins uye kuita rwokudzivirira basa. Uyewo glycoproteins iri membranes masero uye receptors basa. Zvisinei, hapana dzakachinjwa morekuru apo mapuroteni usage kunoitika, uye anotsvedzerera endoplasmic reticulum. Pano zvinokwanisika lipid kudiwa nesimbi uye makabhohaidhiretsi kuti mapuroteni nzvimbo.