Kinematics - Kinematics ndiye ...: tsananguro, mutoo, dambudziko

Chii kinematics? subsection ichi makanika kuti vanodzidza akarongeka uye geometric nzira nokurondedzera inofamba pakati idealized zvinhu. Ndezvake mhando dzakawanda. Nyaya nhasi Nyaya zvichava zvinhu kuti vanenge chokuita pfungwa "kinematics". Tigokuitira pamwe nenyaya zhinji, asi tanga zvikuru kuti kana uri chinokosha Dzidziso uye tsanangudzo zvavo kushandisa mumunda.

Ndezvipi zvinhu vanoonekwa?

Kana kinematics - iri bazi wefizikisi kuti vanodzidza nzira kurondedzera inofamba kwemiviri dzakasiyana-dzezvimwe, ipapo unofanira kushanda uye nezvitunha pachavo, zvakarurama? Kuti nokukurumidza kunzwisisa zviri mungozi, unogona amuwane rakagadzirirwa vechikoro Multimedia chidzidzo. Kinematics kunzwisisa zvinongokonzerwa, kana iwe vanotarira nheyo dzayo. In kuaverenga, uchaona kuti ari dzidziso pane ruzivo kuti wefizikisi chikamu inodzidza mitemo inofamba zvokunyama pfungwa. Cherechedza kazhinji sei rinorondedzera zvinhu. Ukuwo, zvinhu pfungwa vasiri chete vaiona chinhu kinematics. Chikamu ichi chinoongorora wefizikisi nenheyo racho uyewo vanachandagwinyira miviri, uye yakanaka zvinwiwa. Kakawanda, pfungwa nhatu idzi ikashandiswa kupinda mumwe, vachiti anongoti "idealized zvinhu." Idealization mune iyi kudiwa imputation uye kubva zvichibvira enderana zvikanganiso. Kana kutarira tsanangudzo ine zvinhu pfungwa, uchaona kuti zvarinotaura pamusoro zvinotevera: muviri, kukura zvinogona kuregeredzwa mune akakodzera ezvinhu. Izvi zvinogona kunzwisiswa sezvinotevera: zvichienzaniswa daro akafamba Linear kukura chinhu chiri kunyora nezvavo.

Rinoshandiswa kurondedzera?

Sezvambotaurwa, kune kinematics - ichi Sub-Vanamakanika, izvo inodzidza nzira nokurondedzera inofamba imwe pfungwa. Asi kana izvi zvakadaro, zvinoreva kuita kwacho vanoda vamwe anokosha pfungwa uye misimboti, zvakadai axiomatic? Hongu. Zvino iyi ivo. Chekutanga, ari kinematics akatanga mutemo kugadzirisa dambudziko, kwete kutarisa mauto ndikaita imwe zvinhu pfungwa. Tose tinoziva kuti muviri nokukurumidza kana decelerated iri chiitiko mumwe simba mabasa pairi. Uye kinematics - ichi ndicho subsection unokubvumira kushandisa kumhanyisa. Zvisinei, hunhu zvichiitika masimba hakunganzi pano. Kurondedzera inofamba rakaiswa kwemasvomhu pachisara ari Linear uye spatial geometry uye nemasvomhu. Kukonzera grids uye rinoronga pachavo. Asi tichataura pamusoro gare gare.

History chokusika

Wokutanga basa kinematics vakanga rinoumbwa musayendisiti mukuru Aristotle. Kuti akaumba vamwe inokosha misimboti nebazi iri. Uye kunyange pasinei basa rake uye zvakabudiswa dzine zvimwe yakakanganiswa mafungiro uye pfungwa, basa rake kuchiri kukosha kwazvo wefizikisi ano. Mabasa Aristotle dzakwidzwa akadzidza Galileo Galilei. Iye areverera kuedza pamwe rakakurumbira Leaning Tower kana akaongorora regularities chokuzvisarudzira anowira muviri. Pashure pokuongorora zvose kureba uye upamhi mafungiro uye Galileo pasi utsinye kutsoropodzwa Aristotle kuti mhedziso. Somuenzaniso, kana yokupedzisira akanyora kuti simba - ndicho chinokonzera inofamba, Galileo akaratidza kuti simba iri kumhanyisa mhaka, asi kwete kuti muviri anotora uye anotanga kufamba uye kuchaita. Maererano Aristotle, muviri anogona chete kuwana nokukurumidza pasi pokudzora imwe simba. Asi tinoziva kuti maonero uyu kururama, nekuti pane yunifomu Linear inofamba. Izvi kamwe zvakare kunoratidza fomura kinematics. Uye isu kufamba inotevera mubvunzo.

Kinematics. Physics. zvinhu pfungwa

Muchikamu ichi pane vakawanda dzinokosha dzemitemo uye tsanangudzo. Ngatitange pamwe zvihombe.

zvokuimba mufambo

Zvichida, kuchikoro, tiri kuedza kuisa pfungwa chii chinogona kunzi zvokuimba inofamba. Takanga nemamiriro pahwaro zuva, ose awa, mumwe wechipiri. Zvokuimba kufamba, taifunga Maitikiro acho rikaitika nzvimbo pamusoro nguva, kureva kuchinja pachinzvimbo muviri. Zvinonzi chaizvo rinowanzoshandiswa nedanho relativity, kureva kuti nezvenzvimbo, uti, muviri wokutanga zvachinja panyaya wechipiri nzvimbo. Ngatitaurei kufungidzira kuti ari pokutangira mutsetse tiri nemotokari mbiri. Chityu opareta kana abatidza mwenje - michina uye nemutsunda. Pakutanga kuchinja pachinzvimbo kare. Uye unogona kutaura nezvazvo refu uye richikunetesa: hama kuti vakwikwidzi ayo, hama kuti kutanga mutsetse, pazera yakamisirwa Fafitera. Asi zvichida pfungwa zvakajeka. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro maviri vanhu vari mungava chete mirayiridzo kana akasiyana. Chinzvimbo neimwe hama nedzimwe zvichisiyana panguva imwe neimwe nguva pfungwa.

bhuku hurongwa

Kinematics, Physics - sayenzi zvose izvi vari kushandisa dzinokosha pfungwa imwe yakadai bhuku hurongwa. Kutaura zvazviri, ane basa rinokosha uye rinoshandiswa matambudziko inoshanda kusvika kose. akaita mbiri inokosha zvinoriumba zvinogona kwakabatana ezvinhu bhuku.

The afoot Coordinates

Ekupedzisira ndiwo chinhu kupfuura chine nhamba uye tsamba. Uchishandisa tsanangudzo akanyatsorongwa dzakabatana, tinogona kuumba-dimensional imwe kana maviri-dimensional afoot, izvo ichatitendera kugadzirisa matambudziko nyore nokuchinja nzvimbo ine zvinhu pfungwa kwenguva vakapiwa nguva. Yemanyorero kushandiswa tsika mbiri-dimensional afoot namasanhu X ( "X") uye Y ( "Y"). In -dimensional matatu nzvimbo kunowedzera Z akabatana ( "ERT") uye kunongova bedzi chete-dimensional Coordonatele X. Kazhinji kushanda atirari uye ushori. Uye nguva yokutanga tinosangana navo kuchikoro chepuraimari, kana tinotanga tiswedere yakati kureba. Ndapedza hapana asi nokushandiswa Coordonatele kuratidza mavambo uye kuguma.

Kinematics Grade 10. ukoshi

Basic tsika inoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvinetso kinematics ane pfungwa - chinhambwe, nguva, nokukurumidza uye kumhanyisa. Ngatitaurei pamusoro okupedzisira maviri zvizere. Vaviri tsika idzi - vector. Nemamwe mashoko, havana chete kusanganiswa kuratidzwa, asi imwe akafanorongerwa negwara. kufamba muviri uchava nenzira iyo velocity vektori rinotungamirirwa. Panguva iyoyo hatifaniri kukanganwa kumhanyisa Vector, kana tine nyaya gogonera kufamba. Kumhanyisa inogona kuendeswa mune imwe nhungamiro kana zvakasiyana. Kana vaine chete mirayiridzo, muviri anotanga kufamba nokukurumidza uye dzichimhanya. Kana zvakasiyana mirayiridzo, kuti slowdown kuchaitika kuti chinhu kusvikira anomira. Zvadaro, muna pamberi kumhanyisa muviri rwakatarisana kuwana akurumidze, i.e. waizobva negwara risiri. Zvose izvi zviri tsika zvikuru, rinoratidza zvakajeka kuti kinematics. 10 Boka - iyi nguva apo wefizikisi chikamu chakaziviswa zvakakwana.

fomura

Formula kinematics vari nyore goho, uye kurangarira. Somuenzaniso, kuti nzira zvaiyambuka mumwe nguva kana mumwe chinhu kure ane zvinotevera chimiro: S = VoT + Panguva ^ 2/2. Sezvo tinogona kuona, kurutivi rworuboshwe tine kunongova kure chete. Kurudyi unogona kuwana kwokutanga velocity, uye kumhanyisa nguva. "Plus" chiratidzo inomira chete conditionally, sezvo kumhanyisa anogona kutora kunaka scalar ukoshi panguva braking muitiro chinhu. Chaizvoizvo, kinematics rwokufamba zvinoreva kuvapo imwe mhando akurumidze, isu nguva dzose kuti "kutanga", "kuguma", "pakarepo". Nguva imwe nokukurumidza anooneka pane imwe nguva. Asi kana uchifunga kudaro, ipapo yokupedzisira kana kutanga zvinoriumba chinhu ishungu ayo zvishomanana kuratidzwa, zvakarurama? zvimwe musoro "Kinematics" ndiyo kufarira pakati vechikoro, nokuti nyore uye hunakidze.

mienzaniso mabasa

In nyore kinematics, pane yose Mapato ose mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Vose vari dzimwe nzira chokuita inofamba ane zvinhu pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, vamwe zvinoda kuti kuona daro vaifamba muviri pamusoro nguva. Izvi zvinogona kuzivikanwa parameters dzakadai pakutanga velocity uye kumhanyisa. Uye pamwe, pamberi mboni akaisa basa, izvo rinongova chete richava vaifanira kuratidza overenga kumhanyisa muviri. Ngatikurukurei muenzaniso. The motokari rinotanga kubva kunofambira mberi panzvimbo. Waenda nenzira achava nguva kuenda nokuda 5 masekonzi, kana kumhanyisa akaenzana mamita matatu, yakakamurwa pachivara wechipiri?

Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri tinoda nzira yemaitiro S = VoT + panguva ^ 2/2. Mariri, tinongoenda kutsiva aivapo mashoko. kumhanyisa ichi uye nguva. Cherechedza kuti izwi Vot inoenda zero, sezvo kutanga velocity ndiyo razero. Saka, isu tiwane mhinduro kusanganiswa pamusoro 75 mamita. Izvi ndizvo zvose, dambudziko riri kugadziriswa.

zvabuda

Saka, tinonzwisisa chinokosha misimboti tsanangudzo, akapa muenzaniso nzira uye akataura nezvenhoroondo subsection ichi. Kinematics, pfungwa uko vaumbe mugiredhi rechinomwe panguva wefizikisi zvidzidzo, nguva dzose kuvandudzika mukati relativistic (non-dzenhoroondo) chikamu.