Kudeuka mativi Europe. History uye rondedzero yacho

Ndeipi guru mativi Europe? Umo nyika kuri iri? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri.

Hondo utongi

Mubvunzo chii ndiko kuri mativi muEurope munharaunda, ichiwanzokonzera sefungu makakatanwa. Kazhinji kunzi, nzvimbo nechemberi vakadaro Warsaw. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kudana Zvakarurama, nekuti chikamu chikuru nharaunda yayo inogarwa kunotenga maviri nzvimbo uye mukuru-simukai chivakwa.

Panzvimbo ino ari kutozviita Liberty Square mu wokuUkraine muguta Kharkov. It anopindura 11.9 hectares. Maumbirwe Its haisi rectangular, saka kwenguva yakareba rwakaramba kubva 690 kusvika 750 metres uye vaifanira upamhi - kubva 96 kusvika 125.

Pasinei yakawanda saizi, hachisi chinyorwa-mudariki. Kudeuka mativi Europe iri chokwadi yaiva Samara. Kuvhiringidzika Liberté midzi munguva Soviet. Zvichida iye akazviratidza nokuda munyori Oles Gonchar, akakudanai kuti "kupfuura zvikuru uye pakukura."

Ipapo Kharkov aiva mumwe simba kupfuura maindasitiri nzvimbo, kuzvikudza vomunzvimbo, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa basa kutsigira ngano iyi. Kudavira uku midzi, vakawanda saka Kharkov kukwezvana uye zvino vaiona guru.

Kudeuka mativi Europe

Ndicho kupfuura nzvimbo Kuibyshev muna Samara. Kuboka rake Krasnoarmeyskaya Galaktionovskaya, Vilonovskaya uye Chapaevskaya dzemumaguta. Nzvimbo inoremekedzwa yose 17.4 hectares, izvo chete rwakagadzirira 8. zvakaoma pane zvakawanda zvinhu.

Kukura kwayo kwazvo akapfuudza haangogoni Freedom Square mu Kharkov. Uyewo Red Square muMoscow, Palace muSt Petersburg. Chaizvoizvo rekorsdmen. Kubva zvose mina pakukura nzvimbo Europe iri nenzwi zviduku dzinoungana pamwe maruva mibhedha, patsangadzi nemiti.

At payo ndiyo shongwe kune echimurenga vatungamiriri bato uye valerian Kuibyshev. munyori Its munhu anozivikanwa mapurani Matvei Manizer, uyo aishanda manyorero mugovanisi realism, uye akasika rufu kunge Stalin.

Huru chinhu nharaunda runoonekwa kuna Samara Rezvemhosva Opera uye Ballet Theatre. Chivako chinofukidza hectares anopfuura maviri. It rakadzikwa muna 1931. Yemitambo ndezvevanhu pilonadnomu werudzii, zviri sechinhu chaiwo muenzaniso chiNazi dzenhoroondo 30s.

nyaya

First nzvimbo Kuibyshev aiva mamwe mazita. Munhau yacho, ndiyo nguva kushanyira Cathedral uye utilities. Izvi nzvimbo nokuti rinorondedzerwa 1853. Samara aiva chaizvo guta repamusoro, saka aifanira kupinda vakadzikama kadikidiki nharaunda. Vakaronga parameters ndiyo 525 kusvika 325 metres.

At nzvimbo zvenziyo yemitambo raiva pamusoro Cathedral, izvo hachingagari vanhu 2,500. kuvaka Its kubvira 1869 kusvika 1894. Panguva iyoyowo, uye dzakaiswa panze dzinoungana, ainzi vachikudza wamambo Nikolaevsk mugari wenhaka.

Pashure pokuchinja, nzvimbo yachinja. Zvikazikamwa sezvo Magetsi uye kukura kwayo wakawedzera. Kuparadza church, hurumende itsva akatora makore maviri. Iye chikatsiviwa Imba Culture, iyo dzimba kuti Empire chatiri horo nokuda zvigaro 1250, raibhurari uye miziyamu.

Muna 1935, chikuru mativi muEurope kutanga kutakura zita Kuibyshev. Muna 2010 paiva kuedza kudzokera zita rayo wenhoroondo, asi vakuru guta vakasarudza kutsigira pfungwa iyi.

zviitiko

Achiisa Imba Culture munharaunda wakaita izvozvo chinokosha musimboti woupenyu guta. Munguva yehondo pano vachipa zvesimba. Muna 1941, munzvimbo rechiuto achimisa kwakaitika panguva imwe chete ine achimisa pamusoro Red Square muMoscow.

Muna 1942, Kuibyshev Theater kutanga akaita kunozivikanwa 7th Shostakovich kana "Leningrad" nezvimwe. Chikamu nezvimwe rechipiri, akatanga kunyora panguva kukombwa Leningrad, yakanga iri Samara akapedza basa rake.

Chimwe chiitiko guru inewo dziite panguva penguva. Zvino June 22, 1988, uye, maererano dzakawanda dzekare, chakaratidza kutanga nekuguma USSR.