Catechism - Chii? Orthodox Catechism. Catholic Catechism

In ose chitendero pane bhuku umo vomuchechi vanogona kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa youMwari. Rinewo mbuva kutanga paumbwe yorubhabhatidzo. bhuku kwakadaro inonzi "katekizimo". Chii? bhuku rakadaro sei? Ndiani aiva muvambi? Ndiye Catholic Catechism kwechiKristu? About ichi akazotevera munyaya.

mazwi

Saka Catechism - Chinyiko? The tsananguro pacharwo rekare rechiGiriki mavambo. Ipapo shoko wakapfuurira Latin. Panouya tsananguro rinoreva "mirayiridzo", "kudzidza". Nemamwe mashoko, katekizimo gwaro yechitendero. It Anonziwo "bhuku catechetical" rine nheyo dzidziso. Bhuku rino inoumba chikamu siyana masangano. Somuenzaniso, pane Catechism of the Catholic Church. Kazhinji, mashoko huri chinyorwa muchimiro "mubvunzo-mhinduro". Kazhinji, shoko rokuti "katekizimo" raishandiswa kwete chete mukunamata. Tsanangudzo iyi anganzi chero kudzama gwaro, rakanyorwa nomuenzaniso gwaro dzechitendero. Somuenzaniso, muna 1869, gore rakavambwa Catechism Nechayev. In basa iri, sezvo kusiyana gwaro rechitendero anosimudzirwa zvinotyisa chirongwa kwakapararira achipfeka akawandisa vanobatwa, pamusoro "zvakaipa vadzvinyiriri vanhu."

tsananguro

Huru mbuva, yaiva yepakutanga Orthodox katekizimo, yakagadzirwa munguva kubvira 1822 kusvika 1823. munyori wayo aiva St Filaret (Drozdov). Bhuku anzverwa ne Revafundisi uye yakabudiswa muna 1823. katekizimo ichi Filaret akabvumirwa pakutanga senhungamiro. Zvadaro, basa rakanga pasi zvikuru shanduro. Updating uye gadziriro kuteererwa munyori, mukuru muchuchisi uye dzimwe nhengo Revafundisi. basa iri riri kuramba kuitwa nani uye yakasimbisa shanduro dzakawanda. Vamwe veshoko, kusanganisira nhamba akadai Metropolitan Bulgakov Makary, Positioning katekizimo Filaret somumwe "bhuku yokufananidzira." Maererano zhinji, basa mutsvene ndechimwe chezvinhu chiremera zvinopa ndizvo dzidziso. Izvi ndipo zvizere vakasimuka achimiririra chechi zvainoshandiswa zvinokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero.

nharo nyaya

Zvisinei, vamwe vafundisi veOrthodox zvinoedza vanonzi Metropolitan Filaret. Asi, pasinei ichi, havana aizivawo kukosha ine katekisimo (chii, sezvinorondedzerwa pamusoro) muna Roc munhoroondo. Mashoko aya inobva pakuti, maererano Bishop Vasiliya Krivosheina, huru dzechitendero gwaro kwave kuchiita zvikuru fora. Nokuda Kupindira mukuru weruwa Dzvene Revafundisi - Panyanzvi munhu - bhuku racho chokuva chisingaperi vasaomerere shongwe Ecumenical Orthodoxy, zvakare, unogona kunzi kupinda mubvunzo, sezvo Catechism of Moscow Filaret haina ane zvose zviratidzo kutenda uye anorondedzera nayo dzisiri Orthodox dzidziso.

Nyaya basa gwaro rechitendero Roc ano

Pakutanga 2014 haina rakapa chero "mirayiridzo" anotenderwa vaitungamirirwa rimwe chemhando Roc hurumende, kana Council of maBhishopu uye Dzvene Revafundisi. Nyaya Catechism yainorongwa ya2015. Mapurotesitenzi uye miafizitov pasina pamutemo rechitendero gwaro Roc chinopa mukana funga huripo edition, mvumo neDare Revafundisi, chete senhungamiro. Vanotenda zvayakaita apo nokufunga katekizimo, haisi vasaomerere tsime, izvo zvinofanira kuva basa achitsanangura dzidziso. Sezvineiwo, nyaya iri kazhinji kunzi muKristu, kwete zvidzidzo. Izvi imhaka yokuti uine mukuru postulates yechiKristu nevagari Russian Empire. Waiti mairi, uye mamiriro miviri hurumende. Somuenzaniso, Nicholas handina chete musoro yeRussian Orthodox Church, asiwo anorichengeta uye mukuru mukuru wake Lutheran nyaya uye muchirongwa sarudzo iri Armenian Patriarch. Uye, pasinei asambofarirwa echechi yeRussian Orthodox sezvo mukuru mukatekisimo uye dzidziso manyuko, kwakasarudzwa kuti hutungamiri yavo, izvo zvaizoita pakusimuka dzinokosha chokwadi Orthodoxy.

nemamiriro gwaro Religious

Section, iyo anovhura Orthodox katekizimo, inozivisa muverengi pamusoro dzinokosha Dzidziso dzidziso chiKristu. Zvinoratidzawo maonero pamusoro yokuti zvakaratidzwa naMwari kudivi chechi yeRussian Orthodox, akaudza nezveBhaibheri. Chinotevera chikuru zvikamu zvitatu. Vari kwakavakirwa kuchinjwa huru yechiKristu unhu: "About Love", "On Faith" uye "The Hope." In chikamu wakayeriswa kuna Kutenda, anopa tsanangudzo muchidimbu Nicene Creed mukunzwisisa Orthodox, pasina Filioque. Rakakamurwa zvinhu 12 (nhengo) kuti uwane kuzviongorora. Izvi zvinoteverwa nyaya sakaramende manomwe chiKristu. In chikamu "On Hope" iri zvakakodzera pfungwa yacho chaizvo echiKristu uye rinotsanangura basa munamato muupenyu mutendi. Chinotaura nemamiriro chinozunguzirwa, "Baba vedu." Kuti zvijeke munamato rakakamurwa muteuro, 7 mikumbiro uye rumbidzo vachichengetwa. "About Hope" anotsanangurawo 10 Beatitudes. Part of "About Love" riri yakatsaurirwa mirairo gumi yaMwari. Mana vakanga zvokutemerwa rokutanga patafura. Ndivo murayiro rudo Musiki. The matanhatu dzasara mitemo rudo kumuvakidzani wake. Description akaperekedza mumwe mirayiro zvakafanira kuti zvinodiwa nezverondedzero uye chivi kuti pave kwokurityora. Panoperera gwaro dzechitendero rinoti "Kushandiswa dzidziso nokutenda uye vatsvene. ' Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Structural katekisimo rino inobatsira chaizvo kudzidza uye kunzwisisa. Text akaumba ari zvemibvunzo nemhinduro. Saka, kutanga kutambura zvinodiwa kutenda, zvirimo uye chinangwa chikuru Orthodoxy. Gwaro Religious inopindura mubvunzo. Text Kutarisira kwave kuchiita archaism nemaune. Bhuku rine vakawanda tserkovnoslavyanizmy. Somuenzaniso, turnover "mupfungwai" ari katekizimo unorira "simba chii / pfungwa." archaism Izvi vakava vakakurumbira mune yokutanga yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore.

Pfupi rakasikwa rimwe utariri

The kota rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore rokutanga aizivikanwa nokushandisa imwe zvakakwana vakawanda mukatekisimo. Rakajairika pakati Orthodox vakanga rakanyorwa utungamiri pamusoro Metropolitan Peter Graves uye Plato. Created nokupesvedzera mabasa aya, shanduro itsva, uyewo avo zvinyorwa chikuru, vave vakatsoropodza nekereke. Muchiitiko chokutanga, anoona "Catholic" kutsvetera. Mukupera paakatsoropodzwa kuvapo Protestant zvinhu. Chisarudzo ichi mamiriro ezvinhu aiva kusikwa katekisimo itsva. Uyezve, yakafanira rakatangwa muna 1816 shanduro itsva yeBhaibheri mabhuku Russian, kwakasarudzwa kumbosendeka akakodzera ndima yakare reShanduro Guide itsva. Tichichengeta zvaidiwa pakushandisa rokushandura dzokororo. Kuumba itsva katekizimo chete nayo yakatangwa muna 1822.

rakanyorwa

Basa vaigadzirira katekisimo yakaiswa pamberi rimwe vakadzidza zvikuru uye nyanzvi dzezvechitendero Russian - Metropolitan of Moscow uye Kolomenskim Filaretom. Yokutanga yakabudiswa muna 1823. Catechism akanga rakanyorwa yakarongeka, ipapo vakaponeswa shanduro dzose uye shanduro. Rakanga wakapindwa runodiwa zvikamu zvitatu kubva Faith, Hope uye Rudo. Munyori zvabatwa uye mharidzo imwe zvinhu zviri muchimiro "mubvunzo-mhinduro". The kupiwa kubva muMagwaro anowanika papi vakapiwa maererano kuchinjwa muna 1816, zvimwe zvirevo kunge rakashandurwa kuburikidza Filaret. Anokosha kubva nemaonero pamusoro compiler utungamiri nzvimbo dzakanga wakasuduruka mu guru tema.

gwaro idzva

1823 akaona apiwa kusunungurwa katekizimo. Labor rave wakarega kubva avo kunoonekwa rokutanga reShanduro wokutsauka. Gare gare, muna 1824, akauya mamwe maBhaibheri mana scored Church kwechiSlavonic uye vehurumende mhando (mbiri shanduro nechimwe mhando chiratidzo). Short shanduro gwaro rechitendero yakabudiswa pashure mid-1824 uye ainzi "Small Catechism". Chii chaiva nyaya? Kwaingoitirwa kuti kudzidza vanhu nevana. Nhungamiri zvinosanganisira rugwaro kusarudzwa muna huru shanduro nokushandisa Fonts guru. Gora "Rakabudiswa Imperial kuti" ari Shorter Catechism haana. Initial Catechism vakatanga kunzi "nzvimbo".

Kuongororwa dzechitendero gwaro uye ahwo

The kwaita mukatekisimo ikawira iyoyo nguva apo achishingaira vakatsoropodza mushanduro dzeMagwaro mabhuku chinozoiswa Russian Bible Society. Wandei kuchinja hurumende uye nechinzvimbo chepamusoro Vafundisi kunyanya zvikuru akatsoropodza mabasa DBR. akatsigira AA Arakcheyev Minister of Education Alexander Shishkov uye Archimandrite Photius kushingaira akataura kuti mutauro wokuRussia haabvumirwi mumunyengetero mabhuku uye ndima matsvene. Uyezve, kushandisa kwayo anogona kukonzera chimiro vezvakatsaukara siyana. AS Shishkov, ari mutsigiri pfungwa ndiani Church kwechiSlavonic uye mitauro Russian, akadzivirira maonero ake pamberi Metropolitan Seraphim. Maererano Photius, katekizimo Drozdov uye kutungamirira Peter Graves akafanana ne mumwe uyewo "kanavnaya mvura" akafanana "... mvura yakanaka Neva."

Kusabvumirana pamwe chepakutanga

On anotanga kuti AS Shishkov akatanga tsvakurudzo mukatekisimo Metropolitan Filaret. Chinangwa basa iri rakanga kuziva mwero yakatsauka kubva muvambi, yaiva dzidziso Orthodox. Munosimbiswa pamusoro feasibility kushandisa reviewer wechitendero gwaro Bhaibheri mashoko ari Russian. In iyi pfungwa yake rakaenderana Photios uye AS Shishkov. Ukuwo, zvaakacherechedza pamusoro setsikawo zvouMwari zviri katekizimo, hazvina simba rakakwana nharo. Description pa- pokuperevedza reviewer kutungamirirwa kunosimbisa mufananidzo une mubvunzo: "? Chii dzidziso umwari zvakanakisisa" Zvinofanira kupindura: "Dzidziso yechiKristu". Kubva chakarongwa nemaonero, ari reviewer kunoratidza kuti, kunze "zvakanakisisa" kungava chete dzidziso "yakanaka" vatsvene, kungava chiBhudha kana Islam.

inorambidza

Zvakadaro simba rechitendero varwe pakuonekwa gwaro pakupera mushandirapamwe muna November 1824 vakapinda kushanda chirevo Mutsvene Revafundisi. Iye wairambidza kudhinda nokuparadzirwa mukatekisimo Filaret kusvikira ndaziviswa. Chikonzero kurambidzwa kwacho wakarondedzera inadmissibility pamusoro transcriptions oMunyengetero waShe, kuti Creed uye 10 Mitemo iri Russian akadana "folksy mutauro". Muna 1825 akanga yakatsikiswa Catechism Metropolitan Platon. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti basa iri pakutanga akabuda muna 1786 uye vakatsungirira shanduro nomwe. Wokupedzisira wavo papi somunhu counterweight kushanda Filaret. In utungamiriri Plato kwakaita Zvakacherechedzwa kupfuura mashoko kubva muBhaibheri muChechi.