Chitendero muFinland: huru dzechitendero nemiitiro

Chinhu chokutanga Anobata ziso kuFinland, saka zviri chaizvo machechi. Zvidiki musha ane chechi wayo. Uye chii chitendero Finland? Izvi vachakuudza nyaya yedu. Kana uri kuronga kutamira ikoko, muri pamwe hanya mubvunzo: sei kuti sei chitendero basa renyu vavakidzani itsva? We kuchimbidza vimbisa iwe. Finns Kazhinji kushivirira chaizvo uye anoshivirira. havagoni kunzi vanonyanyisa vanoshingaira.

Statistics anopa mwoyo mashoko. Gore negore, kuti hakuna Musiki kunova huru. Uye avo vari kuongorora zvinorondedzera pachavo sevatendi kuuya kuchechi chete pamazororo mikuru - anenge katatu pagore. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvitendero vechiKristu havana kuparadzaniswa kubva ehurumende uye ikoko kubva bhajeti. Chii chechi? Imi kudzidza nyaya ino.

Finnish zvechihedheni

ezvitendero Ancient anorondedzerwa zvakakwana National paakaita "Kalevala". Kufanana nemamwe marudzi Northern Europe, ivo Finns refu vari vahedheni. The hasha okunze vakabatsira kuti vanhu vakanga vasingazivi kwakabva avo kana zvimwe zvakasikwa, akatanga deify okunze. Shure kwenguva refu pakati yokutama poro uye hove hove kwaibva kupona yose yedzinza.

Chitendero Finland rokutanga vaifunga kwakabva nyika kubva zai rimwe ngano shiri. It ndokuwira mumvura, uye nyika yakaumbwa. Pakati pakati zai uye North Star akatambanudza akabatana wenyika. Kana rotates pamwe mudenga, pova whirlpool pakati Kinahmi, iro rinoshandurudzwa rinoreva "guvhu kwegungwa". Kuburikidza ichi tanera mweya yevakafa, vakatenda nokuda Finns vekare, vakanga dzatumira kune humwe upenyu umambo Tuonelu. Upenyu akanga akaita pane panyika. Uye nekuti vashakabvu yakaiswa muguva zvokushandisa, zvinhu uye zvishongo.

vamwari

Kufanana chero zvechihedheni, chitendero yekare pakati Finland vaizvitora vakawanda. Gods kudzora zvinhu - kutinhira, madutu, mhepo. Predominated kuFinland pantheon Ukko. Aionekwa tenzi kudenga uye kutinhira. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Finns vekare vaidavira youtatu mweya. Zvinhu zvakanga pasina mumwe. "Henk" ndihwo upenyu. Akanga chikamu muviri asati aberekwa mwana, wokutanga achapesana mudumbu. A akasiya Henk munhu ane rokupedzisira nokufema.

"Luonto" - imwe shasha munhu, tarenda rake, netarenda. Uye pakupedzisira, "itse" - ndiko kuziva kwevanhu. Okupedzisira zvinhu zviviri zvinogona kusiya muviri womunhu, uye mukuita saizvozvo haana kufa. Asi kusavapo kwavo kwenguva yakareba chaizvo utano. Pasina luonto vanhu vakapindwa muropa muropa, akava simba, uye pasina itse vanotambura nokuora mwoyo. Batsirai kudzokera zvinhu izvi zviviri n'anga dzaiimba mashiripiti tsika. nevashamani Ava "conductors" pakati nyika wevapenyu uye madziteteguru akashaya.

wokuparidza Finland

To anenge 1000 mudunhu vakaumba marudzi matatu:

• Suomi (kana chaizvoizvo Finns). Ivo inogarwa kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwenyika.
• Tavastia. Vanhu ava vakagara nechepakati uye nechokumabvazuva zvikamu nharaunda.
• Karels. Urudzi yapararira kuti kumaodzanyemba kusvikira Lake Ladoga.

Asi vemarudzi ose matatu vakaramba dzechihedheni. Huru vamwari ndivo chete, asi achiri vairemekedza uye nemakanzuru nemidzimu. ChiKristu akasvika Finland pamwe Swedish nechisimba. Muna 1155, Korol Erik Ninth apinda nharaunda, kuitira kudzivisa kuwedzera munyika Veliky Novgorod. Panguva iyoyowo rokutanga chechi yechiKristu Nousiainen uye pave shopi yakavakwa. Asi sezvo itsva chitendero nasazhivalas simba, kuti primate rokutanga Church, Henry Uppsala, akaurayiwa nenzira chizvarwa vanogara. Asi Territory pekuparidza mberi, vaviri rwemberi. In kumavirira, nyika yeSweden kunge chinozoiswa weRoma nebazi chiKristu, uye yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia akatora kutenda Greek, Orthodox.

Lutheranism

Pamberi Nguva Yokuchinja echiKaturike Finland ndiye chete chitendero zvakazara. Maererano netsika wokuGermany "Chii muchinda - kutenda," asi Swedish mambo Gustav muna 1536 akarayira zvose vaaitonga kuenda Lutheranism. VaKaturike vainamata ake papa papa akaonekwa vatengesi. A chechi yeLutheran inotungamirirwa Mambo Sweden pachake. Maererano zvinodiwa chitendero chitsva, Magwaro Matsvene akashandurwa mumitauro yenyika, kusanganisira Finnish. Vanhu ava vanofanira Suomi Mikael Agricola (pezana remakore rechi16). Panguva iyoyowo, nechokumabvazuva muFinland ari kushingaira pachena kufurirwa Orthodoxy. Pakati izvi Karelian ndizivise vanozvinyima vatsvene Sergy Valaamsky Trifonov Pechenegsky uye Feodorit Kola.

Lutheranism: kusafanana Orthodoxy

Zvitendero Zvose uri muKristu, tenda muna Mwari mumwe uye kunamata Jesu saMesiya uye Mutsvene sezvo anokupa nyasha. Zvisinei, Lutheranism anopa kukoshesa Gwaro - .. The Bible, Vhangeri, etc. In Orthodoxy anokudzwa kupfuura Ecclesiastical tsika zvose. The Catholic uye Orthodox Church rinokoshesa zvikuru kunamatwa yavatsvene, mifananidzo, nzvimbo tsvene.

Bazi Protestantism, Lutheranism, kusafanana Orthodoxy anodavira kuti chete murevereri uye mudziviriri vanhu vaMwari ndiye Kristu. Paintings pamusoro Misoro dzechitendero havasi nzvimbo uye mifananidzo mashoko magwaro. Kana neminyengetero yavatsvene, kana kunamata zvisaririra uye mapfupa ndikasafananidza musoro. mabasa Chirangaridzo regai kupa chinhu akafa - nokuti haugoni kuwana Mwari kushandura chisarudzo musi wematambudziko zvavo pashure rufu kubudikidza anotungidza makenduru dzokudetemba uye. Kunyange zvakadaro, panguva Lutheran uye Orthodox dzinowanikwa pfungwa. Zvitendero Zvose kutya Jehovha sakaramende kubhabhatidzwa uye nechirairo.

kubvumira

Kusvikira pakuguma vagari XIX remakore Finnish vakabvumira chete nhengo Lutheranism. Asi sezvo nechokumabvazuva nedunhu rakanga pasi tsika simba guru Russia, yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia uye vakanga vagara vatengesi vechiJudha vaibvumirwa vachiita zvechiJudha uye chiKristu Greek mharidzo. Muna 1889 mumwe mutemo wakadzikwa, maererano uko vagari aigona kutora nezvimwe Protestant Christianity. Vaigona kuva Adventists, Pentekosti, Calvin, vaBaptist, vaMethodist, uye zvichingodaro. D. Zvino chete kubvumidzwa muna 1923 kusvika pachena tsika chero chitendero, uye kurarama pasina chitendero.

Islam akazviratidza kumabvazuva kwenyika panguva kukunda wokuRussia pamwe kugara yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia Muslim zvechiuto. Zvino vemunharaunda rechitendero ichi ari kukura nokukurumidza nhamba nokuda vatama vachibva kunyika vokuMabvazuva. Asi Finland ndiyo inozivikanwa kwayo zvitendero. Islam, chiJudha, uye chiKristu matavi dzakasiyana (chiKaturike, Orthodoxy uye Protestantism) kugara pamwe chete murunyararo.

yakasimbiswa chechi

Kunyange zvakadaro Lutheranism ndiye chitendero kuzivikanwa muFinland. chechi iyi nemari kubva ehurumende bhajeti, uye vagari vose, pasinei nechitendero chavo, kunonyorwa yawo kugutsikana. Panguva iyoyowo vanozviti Lutheranism asingasviki 80 muzana yevagari. Ungano chechipiri pakukura Finland ndiye Bhishopi Mukuru Constantinople Patriarchate. Church iyi Orthodox vachawa kuti hurumende bhajeti mari. Pane munyika uye vamwe vomunharaunda, kusanganisira neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Asi kuvapo tichiregeredza anozvipira mari. Pasina dzinopiwa hurumende kukudyira yeRoma, vaMuslim, vaJudha, uye vamwe mapazi Protestantism.