Anti-chikepe chombo X-35: hwokugadzira unhu uye kushandisa

Chimwe chikuru nezvemaitiro zvehondo ndiyo kubatana ichangobva zvombo uye michina. Kuburikidza kushandiswa zvakajairika zvinoriumba zvinoita nyore kurimwa hurongwa uye kuderedza dzavo uchishandisa mari. Mumwe muenzaniso nzira iri Anti-chikepe chombo X-35. Zvichienderana shanduro, rinogona kushandiswa ndege, helicopters, ngarava uye onshore. Pakawanda yekushandiswa kunowedzera zvikuru zvingakwanisa zvombo muhondo.

The KH-35: nhoroondo yokusika

Chokutanga patichanzwisisa, kupfurikidza chitundumuseremusere kuti aifanira kuenda kuburikidza asati ava enzvimbo Russian Navy. Yaifanira kuti X-35 chitundumuseremusere akatasva nezvikepe uye zvikepe pamwe youtsinye misha. Chaiva kushandiswa sechikamu chombo zvakaoma (SC) "Uranus". Development akatanga muna April 1984. The purojekiti Maneja raiva G. I. Hohlov. Unorema akagadzira basa rakanga vakachengeteswa "Zvezda" OKB. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti chombo KH-35 "Uranus" ichashandiswa kuparadza midziyo isina anopfuura 5000 matani. The mashoko bhuku waida kuti akakwanisa kumhanya Single uye vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers. The KH-35 aifanira kushanda zvakafanana zvakanaka okunze zvose, chero nguva yezuva uye kunyange kushandisa yomuvengi mhepo kudzivirira gadziriro uye zvemagetsi hondo.

General unhu

In mashoko aerodynamics chombo anoitwa maererano zvatinosiita muenzaniso: The X-zvakaumbwa bapiro uye empennage. Chokunze pose muviri kuumba sepombi akawanda. Middle uye muswe zvikamu zviri asymmetrical: Chigadziko pane Gondola, riri kuiswa pamberi mhepo yaunodya. A hwakasimba mafuta chitundumuseremusere booster iri configured ave humburumbira uye ane muswe, munhu akaratidza panguva startup.

Zvachose Kureba chitundumuseremusere ndiyo 3,85 metres. Kana akaisa akisarareta, mwero inowedzerawo kuti 4.44 m. The dhayamita pamusoro pokugara asingadi kupfuudza 0.42 m. Mapapiro ari zvakaitika ezvinhu ari 1.33 m. In anokosha configuration pamwe akisarareta chitundumuseremusere X-35 anoyera makirogiramu 600.

urongwa

A zvakafanana urongwa kunogonawo kuwanikwa zvimwe zvigadzirwa mukirasi yacho. Musoro chiridzwa iri homing. Shure kwake ndiyo chikamu kurwa. In pakati Inlet chiteshi iri "vakapfeka" kupinda mafuta mumota. In muswe pamusoro chitundumuseremusere vanofanira turbojet. mamwe midziyo iri mune vakasununguka nhengo dzomuviri. Pakutanga akisarareta ane nyore chaizvo marongerwo. Inside muviri wayo cylindrical kunogona chete isa solid- propellant chitundumuseremusere injini.

nhungamiro hurongwa

On mavakirwo nhungamiro hurongwa zvakakanganisa kudiwa inosimbiswa hove uye kukunda chinangwa chipi jamming kwezvakatipoteredza. Chombo akanga akashongedzerwa ane yaisanganisa nhungamiro hurongwa. Panguva rwendo kutiza, aifanira kushandisa inertial kufamba maitiro uye redhiyo altimeter. Zvino tichisiya chombo kubaya nzvimbo inofanira kusashanda ne tichishingaira radar homing hurongwa, ane basa raiva kuwana uye kukunda chinangwa.

Chirongwa akashandisa zvitundumuseremusere ARS-35 - basa radar homing musoro. Kunoitawo kuti vasabatwa uye mukutonga nhovo huru rurefu mwero rakavimbika. The kanyanga Hurongwa riri pamusoro chitundumuseremusere. Akanga akapfeka radome. Overview chinjikira chidimbu vane upamhi rworwendo 90 (45 madhigirii kurudyi uye wakasiya chombo akabatana). Vertical kuona haana sezvo paupamhi; kubva -10 kusvika +20 inegumi. Wokutanga shanduro chombo aiva chipfuro vasabatwa vanosanganisira kusvika 20 km.

warhead

Rakapinza warhead, uremu chiri 145 makirogiramu, akaiswa pamusoro homing musoro. Nokuda mukuru-putika-incendiary warhead anofanira yarova zvikepe matani 5000. It ane muviri hwakasimba makobvu masvingo, kuti anobvumira bhodhi kubaya uye kutakura chikepe muvengi kukanganisa mukati. Nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika kuti kufadza kuparadza mugumisiro.

injini

Sezvambotaurwa, kune turbojet iri shure dzimba. traction Its rinosvika Madzimabo 450. Injini yacho zvakatanga tichibatsirwa kuti aricheke uye rinoshanda avhiyesheni reparafini. Simba chirimwa ichi mhando anobvumira chombo kusvika kumhanya 280 M / s achibhururuka kubva 7 kusvika 130? Km. Kana yakasimba chitundumuseremusere booster, zvakakodzera paaishandisa chitundumuseremusere sezvo chikamu RK "Uranus". Tichibatsirwa ari X-35 chitundumuseremusere, hunhu yatiri kukurukura nhasi, vachisiya nezvifambiso uye kanda mugaba. Kana projectile iri atanga, injini riri Reset neactivated chepuraimari boosters.

utariri

Cruise zvombo X-35 kwave aibudirira utariri hurongwa unokubvumira kubudirira soro unongotaura muhondo. Midcourse chombo inobhururuka imwe nekukwirira asingapfuuri 15 metres pamusoro mvura revarombo. Kana kutsvaka kunotanga zvinangwa uye nhungamiro pamusoro payo, mufananidzo uyu anosiya kusvika 4 m. Nokuda yakaderera kukwira ndege duku kupararira munharaunda kunoderedza mukana wokuti mangwanani kuonekwa, club uye chombo nokurwiswa muvengi mhepo kudzivirira enyika.

Operation zvombo X-35 kusvika pamwero akwanise kuburikidza automating muitiro wokugadzirira kanda. State of kuhondo dzakabatana uye kutanga kutiza basa kwaita kudzorwa. In yose, kugadzirira anotora asingasviki 1 miniti. The KH-35, izvo zviri akaronga kushandiswa zvikepe uye nyika anotsanangura chombo mugadziriro, kununurwa nenzira cylindrical chokufambisa kanda kanisita. Shanduro Air-kwakavakirwa dziripo uyewo, asi kutanga ndege kana helicopters mureza zvombo.

Kunonoka kukura

Panguva yacho nokuongorora gadzira, iyo vashandi vose OKB "Star" akaita mishoma, zvimwe zvinetso vaizivikanwa. Kunyanya, mismatch yezviri radar hurongwa zvinodiwa basa nayo. Nokuti dzokororo uye kuvandudzika chirongwa zvakatora nguva yakawanda. Mutyairi pakuparurwa kubva pasi chokugadza kwakaitika November 1985. Izvi uye wandei dzakazotevera Zara kwakaguma kukundikana.

Yokutanga kubudirira kanda kwakaitika January 1987. Zvisinei, kuongorora onboard hurongwa rakapfuurira. Kusvikira muna 1992, OKB "Star" mapoka anoenderana aipedza imwe 13 kunotangira. Akapiwa kushaya zvakakwana vanoshingaira radar hurongwa mharidzo, Muedzo zvombo vakange vakagadzirira wayo kutevedzera.

Nokuda pokuwa USSR uye zvinetso zvemari kushanda X-35 kunova akamisa basa racho. Munguva kubva 1992 kusvika 1997 kuvaka uye kuedza dzinokwana prototypes mana. Defence mari uyewo ipfupi, saka sezvakarayirwa kunzwisisa "Uran" chombo chete X-35 wokutanga chakaitwa yokumwe mutengi.

"Uran-E"

Muna 1994, Indian Navy arayira Russian kunzwisisa "Uran-E". Tsamba "E" oznachat kuti aina ichi Bhaibheri. Shipborne chombo Hurongwa hunosanganisira: a chombo launcher, uye kutarisirwa midziyo kuti dzipupurire zvombo hurongwa. Rinogona kuiswa pa ose zvikepe uye zvikepe. The launcher ine resimbi pepuranga angafanirwa pamwe pakapfava kuti midziyo. Magadzirirwo anotora kuti X-35 chitundumuseremusere kutanga pa necheparutivi rworwendo 35.

Zvoga kuzvidzora gadziriro iyo tanzi chombo bvunzo basa, mazano basa, uye mamwe mabasa anoitwa muchimiro vachipiwa mumidziyo. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti pagomo midziyo chero ngarava dzakakodzera uye zvikepe. Mumwe mudziyo uri 15, uye imwe - 5 m ^2.

Nemhaka Indian chikumbiro, kukura vachiri kwapera uye vakatanga Serial kugadzirwa zvombo. Muna 1996, mutengi wokutanga zvinoumba zvakaoma kunge Kutamiswa pakupera chete gore rakapera basa ihwohwo zvombo X-35 nomuparadzi dzi Delhi. Mune ramangwana, zvombo zvakadaro vakagamuchira ngarava dzakawanda Indian.

Mukutanga 2000s, mamiriro ezvinhu ane mari iri Armed Forces zvachinja nani. Somugumisiro, kubudikidza 2003, zvakaoma "Uran" chombo chete X-35 akanga kunyorwa kwenyaya ndokugamuchirwa Russia.

"Ball"

Panenge panguva iyoyo se "Uranus" akapinda basa pamwe Navy, akapedza kukura onshore Kazakhstan "Bal", uyo akashanda X-35 chitundumuseremusere. The mabasa zvaisanganisira onshore richiona pamusoro miganhu mvura uye kudzivirira zvemarudzi ose wengarava zvivako. Nokuda siyana zvingangoitika kunzwisisa "Ibhora" panguva yakakodzera zvikavengwa zvikepe nokurwiswa muvengi.

Yakakwirira mufambo pamusoro zvakaoma nokuti kuti ayo huru zvinoriumba vakaitwa yokuzviranga propelled michina akavaka pahwaro chakarova-7930. The kunzwisisa inogona muAtlantic ari chinhambwe 10 chete kubva kumahombekombe. Its zvachose zvombo mutoro 64 zvombo.

ndege shanduro

Pakati pezana remakore 2000s kwakaguma kukura avhiyesheni musiyano wezvinyorwa KH-35 zvombo. imwevo shanduro suffix "B" rave wakatangwa nokuda helicopters. musiyano Its chikuru chaiva pamberi booster. Rakanga hwaiitirwa yakaderera nokukurumidza pamusoro neherikoputa. Rocket kuti raparurwa kubva ndege, kuti akisarareta hakudi.

chiine version

Muna 2011, launcher yambokurukurwa nokuda KH-35, yakazonyorwa somunhu 20-rutsoka mugaba. Inside akagadzawo zvina chokufambisa-kanda midziyo pamwe zvombo uye wose akagadzirwa michina inodiwa kutonga. Ndezvipi tarisiro basa iri, zvichiri kuzivikanwa.

X-35U

Kukura X-35 chitundumuseremusere raiva shanduro X-35U, riri kaviri kuvonga kukwira pakatanga michina mitsva. Uyezve, unogona kubudirira yarova muvengi chinhambwe 260? Km. izvi zvose chakanga kubudirira nemhaka imwe injini itsva uye pakanatsiridzwa mhepo yaunodya mugero, izvo anobvumira kuwedzera nerubatsiro mafuta.

Muna 2009 zvakanzi akaberekwa ari upgraded shanduro X-35U, izvo akagamuchira wokuwedzera indekisi "E". Zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa kuti kutengeswa kunze. The musiyano mukuru waiva mutsva gwaro nhungamiro hurongwa, iyo yakawedzera vasabatwa vanosanganisira kusvika 50 makiromita.

vanozvishandisa

Panguva iyoyo, mashoko nokurondedzerwa KH-35 izvo takakurukura nhasi, ari kunyanya kushandiswa muchiuto kweRussia, India uye Vietnam. To musi, mazana anoverengeka zvombo izvi dzakavakwa. Panyaya dzimwe vatengi, vari kufarira chikepe anotsanangura zvivako. Ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa "Uran" chombo chete X-35 haisati iri kudiwa pakati exporters. Maererano nemamwe mabhuku vatorwa, kuRussia chitundumuseremusere akanga akakopwa North Korean vagadziri. Kana ichi chiri chokwadi, saka zvinoita kuti North Korea anoita zvinoita zvokukandwa uye kutengeswa, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanogona vakabata yakawanda inoti kupfuura zvinozivikanwa, maererano pamutemo mashoko.