Anobva mitauro: tsananguro

Mubvunzo kupatsanura kwemitauro Chokwadi kunzwisisa chaizvo uye capacious. Chii chinonzi mutauro anobva, uye zvavari, chii mhando mutauro ndohwaJehovha mutauro waamai Russian, nyaya idzi hazvizoitiki saka nokungoti mumamiriro ezvinhu ose. mutauro typology zvinokosha kuti vanhu vanoshanda mumunda kukurukurirana uye michina dzakawanda. Mumwe muongorori mudzidzi anodzidzisa nayo mwoyo. Vakawanda Zvichida ungati ruzivo urwu haumanikidzwi uye chiya kwavari, asi zviri? Zvichida zvakakodzera kuziva pamusoro nzvimbo mai rurimi zvizere epasi kuti kunzwisisa mutauro wavo uye kunzwisisa akasiyana nemamwe nhoroondo netsika ukoshi iwayo mashoko isu kutaura zuva nezuva.

Vhuṱanzi

Kupatsanura mitauro kutsivana dzakasiyana-siyana classifications. Maererano mazita kupatsanura kwemitauro vari rakakamurwa mhuri, uyowo ari mapoka kuti vane mapazi. Anozivikanwa anenge zvose weboka mumutauro mhuri kunosanganisira Indo-European, Caucasian, Sino-Tibetan, Altaic, uye mimwe mitauro yakawanda. Uyewo ayo Indo-European mhuri rakakamurwa mapoka, necheSalvic, eGermany, Romance, uye vamwe. Somuenzaniso, mutauro Chirungu ndowenyika Indo-European mhuri, eGermany, kumadokero bazi. mutauro Russian runobva kuna necheSalvic boka kwemitauro Indo-European. kupatsanura Izvi zvinoratidza mutauro ukama hwavo. Mukuwedzera, mitauro vakakamurwa pane dzimwe nhandare. Kune morphological uye girama kupatsanura.

Morphological kupatsanura mitauro.

Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti ndiye morphological uye typological kupatsanura kwemitauro, unotiudza, sezvo zita rinoreva rudzi dzidzo mutauro. Maererano kupatsanura ichi mitauro vane mhando ina: 1) nevamwe, kana amorphous 2) chinayo kana polysynthetic 3) inflectional 4) agglutinative. The wenyaya raisanganisira mukuru nyanzvi dzemitauro nguva dzose. Somuenzaniso, ari philologist wokuGermany August uye Friedrich Schlegel panguva yake vakasvika pakugumisa kuti mitauro dziri chakaita zvokugadzirwa uye Analytical nzira dzidzo. Chimwe yakakurumbira philologist German Wilhelm of Humboldt vakwana dzidziso, vachiuya kuti chimiro yatiri nhasi.

Anobva uye agglutinative mitauro sezvo zvakashandurwa.

Kuti tinzwisise mhando Data nani, vanofanira munyaya fananidzo, sezvo vaine akatarisana ehupfumi. Ngatitange neshoko "anobva" yayo Mabviro. Shoko rinobva muchiLatin flectivus «kusanduka», zvinoreva kuchinja chimiro mitauro. Anobva mitauro Mitauro risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi izvo inovakwa kuwedzera mujinga shoko yakasiyana inflections pamwe dzakasiyana tsika uye multitasking. Agglutinative shoko rinobva muchiLatin agglutinatio - "chokuedza" uye zvinoreva mberi, yakatsiga hurongwa.

agglutinative mitauro

mitauro Agglutinative Mitauro umo risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi kunoitika nokuwedzera morphemes pamwe ukoshi mumwe chete, kwete pasi chero kuchinja. mitauro Agglutinative dzinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, Turkic uye Finno-Ugric. Muenzaniso unoshamisa boka iri mumitauro ndiko Japanese, Bashkir kana tartar. Ngatimbokurukurei muenzaniso: asi wechiTatar shoko "hatlarynda", iro rinoshandurudzwa rinoreva "mutsamba dzake," chinosanganisira date morpheme "zvirindo" - "tsamba", "gel" - morpheme kweshoko, "Un" - morpheme rechitatu pati, "hongu" yakaiswa veko nyaya. Kureva, mumwe morpheme ane mumwe chete rinoreva. Mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa mutauro Bashkir: Shoko "bash", iro rinoshandurudza se "musoro" rinoreva nominative, yakazonaka. Wedzera nawo morpheme "Lar" - "Lar-bash" uye ikozvino rinoreva "musoro", kureva kuti mashoko morpheme "Lar" ndiyo chete ukoshi - muzvizhinji.

Anobva mitauro akadai

Zvino muudzame ongorora anobva mitauro. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, muchiitiko ichi, kuti morpheme vane akawanda tsika, tinogona kuona nomuenzaniso wake mutauro waamai Russian. The chipauro "akanaka" ndiko kuguma "kutanga", unotiratidza rume, nominative uzhinji panguva imwe chete. Saka, imwe chete morpheme - tsika matatu. Kutora mumwe muenzaniso: "bhuku" rokuti kuzviuraya "munhu" ane kukosha rechikadzi, risiri muuzhinji uye nominative mhosva. Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti mutauro wokuRussia iri anobva. Mimwe mienzaniso anobva mhando mutauro unogona kuva German kana Latin, uyewo akawanda anozivikanwa Indo-European mhuri mitauro, zvikurukuru zvose boka necheSalvic, mutauro. Vodzokera musayendisiti wokuGermany muzana remakore rechi18, zvinokosha kuziva kuti mutauro anobva, akavapindurawo, zvinogona chakaita zvokugadzirwa kana analytic nzira dzidzo. Chakaita zvokugadzirwa nzira zvinoreva chokwadi risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi anotora nzvimbo nokuwedzera siyana morphemes, suffixes uye suffixes. The Analytical nzira inogona kushandiswa ebetsero mashoko. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kutaura mu Russian, "kunyora", kushandisa ramangwana-nerongo, inova chakaita zvokugadzirwa nzira dzidzo. Kana unogona kuti, "Ndichaenda kunyora," vakati kushandiswa pamutemo shoko nezvichazoitika, "chido", inova muenzaniso Analytical nzira. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti musiyano wakajeka pakati kupatsanura ichi, kwete, mitauro yakawanda nokubatanidza dzakasiyana kweshoko inotungamirwa. An mubvunzo unokosha ndechokuti Chirungu nhasi kupfuura kudzidzwa anobva uye agglutinative?

Chirungu anobva?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu unofanira kupedza zvishoma kuongorora pahwaro ruzivo vakawana pamusoro. Tora Chirungu rechiito «akarara», rinoshandurwa kuti "anorara", apo kuguma «S» ane kukosha wechitatu munhu yakazonaka chipo. A morpheme - tsika matatu. Chirungu Total iri anobva. Kusimbisa dzidziso muri vaviri mienzaniso: rechiito «vane wakaita The "zvinoreva" kuita ", iro ishande shoko" vane "anotiudza pamusoro muuzhinji Vakakwana kutorarama panguva; «iri kudya »-« unoadya "apo pamutemo shoko« iri »unobereka kuchisazitasingwi ukoshi wechitatu bato chipo. Zvizhinji mienzaniso ebetsero mashoko mumutauro Chirungu unotaurwa munhu vakawanda Analytical nzira shoko inotungamirwa.

Muchidimbu pamusoro chinodzivirira uye chinovhara polysynthetic mitauro

Flexion uye agglyutigativnye mitauro ndivo vakawanda rasprostronenie munyika, asi zvisinei, pane zvakawanda mhando mbiri. Insulating, kana amorphous mitauro Mitauro, shoko inotungamirwa iro kunoratidzwa kusavapo kuchinja mashoko uye morphemes kuwedzererwa zvakazara. Saka, zita ravo chairo. mitauro kwakadaro zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, Chinese. Mashoko okuti "Cha bu Ho mu" kunoreva "Handisi kunwa tii." Nevanopinda kana polysynthetic, zvichida, chinonetsa kudzidza uye mitauro emashoko. Word inotungamirwa mairi anotora nzvimbo nokuwedzera mashoko mumwe aumbwa nemutsetse. Sei, Somuenzaniso, mumutauro wokuMexico «ninakakwa», apo «, ni» - «I», «Naka» - «nayo», «Kwa» - «nyama".