Yemarudzi kukosha mutauro wokuRussia. Kukosha mutauro ano Russian

"Uye isu achachengetedza iwe, Russian, mukuru Russian shoko ..." - Mashoko aya ari nyanduri Anny Ahmatovoy, usingatangi rirasikirwe kuti emakore. Kubudirira National tsika zvakananga novimba mafungiro vanhu kurutivi nhoroondo yacho. mutauro Russian auya refu nzira kukura. Nhasi, achifunga pamusoro international kukosha mutauro wokuRussia chii, chete kutarisa nhamba. Vanopfuura mamiriyoni 250 vanotaura nayo kubva munyika yose - nhamba kunopfuura hunoshamisa.

Miganhu mafungiro "ano mutauro Russian"

Kutaura pamusoro choupfu kutanga, zvakakodzera kufunga kana modernity ichi kunotanga. Philologists akaratidza zvitatu pfungwa maonero pamusoro pfungwa "mutauro ano Russian." Saka, hunotanga:

1. Kubva pamazuva A. S. Pushkina. The nyanduri huru Russian, vatsvakurudzi vanodavira, chaauya wokuRussia shanduro Russian mutauro chaiko, izvo zvose vanonakidzwa nhasi, pasinei kuvapo ari mashoko Alexander historicism uye archaisms.
2. Pashure pokukunda yaOctober Revolution. Kusvikira 1917, arufabheti uye peculiarities yakanyorwa mumutauro wokuRussia iri yakasiyana aripo. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ichi - tsamba "Eri" ( "b") pakupera mamwe mashoko, iyo yava kunzi chiratidzo rakaoma.
3. Pashure pokuwa USSR. Mumakore maviri emakore mutauro wokuRussia akatanga kuchinja, nokuda nokukurumidza rwokugadzira mberi. Kwakaitawo kuti ichi dzakawanda vokukurukura - mashoko akashandiswa mumwe nyika zvinoshandiswa mumwe. Kukosha mutauro ano Russian kukuru munyika munharaunda, saka nyanzvi dzemitauro vari kushanda zvakaoma kuukurukura.

Distribution munyika

mutauro Russian aiva chizvarwa kuvanhu vazhinji vanogara munharaunda kweRussia, Kishi nyika uye kunze, uye akatora ichi zvoushumiri worusere. Dziwande kutaura, akapinda pamusoro shanu rakajairika: vanhu mamiriyoni 260 vari pairi kufunga zvakasununguka uye kutaura pachavo. Zviri wechipiri chete Chirungu (1.5 billion), Chinese (1.4 billion), Hindi (600 miriyoni), Spanish (mamiriyoni 500) uye Arabic (350,000,000). Visual mepu inoratidza yemarudzi kukosha sezvazvakanyorwa zvataurwa munyika Eastern Europe, uye Baltics uye Caucasus, Finland, Germany, China, Mongolia, United States, uye Australia mutauro Russian. MuRussia, izvozvo muridzi 99,5% of zvachose kwevanhu. Iri panzvimbo kunotigombedzera mufananidzo ichienzaniswa nedzimwe inoti.

mutauro wokuRussia kumatunhu

Chikonzero paumbwe tumitauro uye sociolect kazhinji anova nzvimbo huru kugovera imwe mutauro. Saka, inobva Russian ruzivo vakaberekwa uye rinobva mitauro izvi: surzhik (Ukraine), trasianka (Belarus), Russenorsk (Kola Peninsula) nevamwe vakawanda. Tumitauro anowanzoramba kuti munzvimbo duku. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana Mutauro anogona siyana yekudyidzana.

Kunze (Germany, USA, Israeri), akaumba rose mutauro wokuRussia nharaunda, zvimwe pane zvikuru voga kubva zororo. Izvi zvinoitika kana uwandu vatama vachibva Russia zvakakwana kuti aumbe munharaunda imwe mhando. Nokuda kukura mubereko vomuUmambo marudzi tsika Kishi nyika. Kukosha mutauro wokuRussia muupenyu vokuGermany, vokuAmerica, British zvikurusa.

Chirangaridzo zuva

UNESCO vanhu akagona achengetedze zvaioneka uye chisingaoneki nhaka marudzi mazhinji. Saka, gore negore rinopembererwa musi February 21 International Mother Language Day kwemakore mashanu apfuura. zviitiko zvakadaro kunoita kuti kufungisisa kukosha nhaka vanhu vavo uye dhigirii ari pose munhandare.

Nokuti vokuRussia, zuva rokuberekwa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina akava pedyo kupfuura 5 apfuura, apo June 6 rakaparidzirwa Zuva mutauro wokuRussia. Izvi nokuda rinokosha mupiro munyori kukura tsika. Yemarudzi kukosha mutauro wokuRussia kunozivikanwa mune dzakawanda pamapatya nyika, saka nhasi rinopembererwa muzvikoro uye mumayunivhesiti ari Kishi nyika. The UN General Assembly chivakwa nemhemberero achabatsirwa anodzidzisa hurukuro, mafirimu, makwikwi vaverengi.

mutauro Russian pamwe dzakawanda

Parizvino, zvinovawo matambudziko kuwana nevakawanda nzira yokukurukurirana kuti munyika 250. mugari ose Nekudzo ndohwaJehovha tsika nhaka ehurumende uye anoda kutaura mutauro pachavo chete. Kuoma ichi zvabviswa akabvumirwa mumitauro inonzi nyika, izvo zvinosanganisira Russian uye nyika munharaunda. Nhasi, ane nzira yokukurukurirana paTV, vendege, kutengeserana. Chokwadi, chikuru kukosha wokuRussia mutauro nokuti kuti pane mamiriyoni evanhu richitaura zvakasiyana nzvimbo pasi pose. Ose zvakangwara munhu kuti achakudzwa kutaura pfungwa huru Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova, Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo nevamwe vanyori Russian advance.

Yemarudzi zvairehwa mutauro Russian nemifananidzo

Munyika mune marudzi anenge 2,000, chimwe nechimwe uderedze kushandiswa muupenyu chizvarwa mutauro. Nokuti vanhu vazhinji, mutauro wokuRussia razova wechipiri anokosha nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union vanhu Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine uye Belarus handina kusiyiwa mutauro wokuRussia sezvo mukuru, saka akaita dzakawanda terevhizheni uye redhiyo hurukuro. Muminda dzakawanda ukama, rinoshandiswa nemasayendisiti, vamiriri uye vezvematongerwo enyika.

mutauro Russian pamusoro ndima pamwe Chirungu, French, Chinese, Arabic uye Spanish pakati matanhatu pamutemo UN mitauro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti enyika kubva kuRussia mukana takasununguka zvadzinofunga pane Misangano dzakawanda. The pose kukosha mutauro wokuRussia munyika iri kukonzerwa ndechokuti nhamba yevanhu vane navo, iye rakava reshanu.

Russian lexicography

remutauro shoko Chero kunyorwa duramazwi vari zvavaifanira ishandiswe dzimwe zvizvarwa. Kukosha mutauro wokuRussia munyika iguru kuti vanhu vose venyika chaizvo kuziva nezvehukorokodzwa ayo ose, vanoziva kukosha mashoko matsva uye mashoko kubva maduramazwi, iyo inogona rakakamurwa mitauro uye Encyclopedic. Chinonyanya kukosha ndivo maduramazwi, okutanga akabuda mukupera rechi18 mu mavhoriyamu matanhatu. Chokwadi, negore mabhuku akafanana yoku- pagore. Most anokosha ndiye Dictionary wokuRussia Language, wokutanga shanduro iyo yakabudiswa muna 1863, uye chikoro mavhoriyumu Ref yakabudiswa muna 2013. Kufunga pamusoro chii zvinorehwa mutauro wokuRussia, unofanira kuteerera mabasa masayendisiti, nyanzvi dzemitauro, nokuda iyo mutauro iri nani uye vachibudirira. Multi-bhuku maduramazwi unotipa kudzidza zvose zviri phonetics uye orthoepy sevagari vemo Russian uye vatorwa.