Rokufananidzira zvinoreva mashoko - uyu ... Ko yokufananidzira zvinoreva mashoko? Words anoshandiswa yokufananidzira

Language chinhu multi-faceted uye multi-dzichipfekeka pfungwa. Kuti aone hunhu waro kunodiwa kufunga mibvunzo inoverengeka nokungwarira. Somuenzaniso, rurimi mudziyo uye ukama masangano ezvinhu ayo, simba nechitarisiko zvinhu uye mashandiro munzanga yevanhu.

Definition of dzokufananidzira zvarinoreva

Nechekare kirasi mudiki chikoro, vose vanoziva kuti mashoko iwayo anogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana muhurukuro. Direct (mukuru, mukuru) ukoshi anotaurwa, riri correlated ane chinangwa chaicho. It hakubvi akapoteredza uye madimikira. Muenzaniso shoko "nokuparara". Mukurapa, zvinoreva rakapinza uye pakarepo nokuwa BP, uye nezvenyeredzi - kukurumidza marwadzo kwenyeredzi pasi pokudzora rinokweva mauto.

Rokufananidzira zvinoreva mashoko - ndiwo kukosha kwavo yechipiri. It kunoitika apo vanoziva kuchinjwa wenyaya upi Chiitiko chimwe nekuda kufanana mitambo yavo, zvinhu uye zvichingodaro .. Somuenzaniso, ndiye "kuparara" akanga rokufananidzira zvinoreva shoko. Mienzaniso chokuita upenyu paruzhinji. Saka, nenzira yokufananidzira 'pokuwa "rinoreva kuparadzwa, akoromoke yokuunza vanhu pamusana panowanikwa ezvinhu dambudziko.

tsananguro nesayenzi

In zvemutauro akatamisira zvinorehwa nemashoko - ndiko rinobva yavo yechipiri chokuita chikuru ukoshi dimikira metonymic nedoro kana associative maitiro. Kana izvi zvaitika inobva inonzwisisika, spatial, zvenyama dzimwe pfungwa correlativity.

Application mumatauriro

Mashoko okufananidzira zvinoreva kushandiswa anodana mananara, izvo havana zvakafanana uye kugara chinhu kuti kureva. Vanouya pamwechete nedzimwe pfungwa ive sangano kuti zvichava pachena kuti nevakurukuri.

Words anoshandiswa yokufananidzira, anogona kuchengeta yemifananidzo. Somuenzaniso, tsvina innuendo kana pfungwa dzakasviba. tsika dzakadaro zvinoumbwa mune maduramazwi. Mashoko aya yakasiyana vanyori tega madimikira.
Zvisinei, kazhinji kacho, kana paine kutapurirana tsika, mufananidzo akarasika. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mashoko akadai muromo uye nenyere vanobwembura, uye wachi muswe makerotsi. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, attenuation rinowanikwa mufananidzo mu lexical zvinoreva mashoko.

Changing musimboti pfungwa

Portable ukoshi Mashoko anogona kungoitwa chero chinhu, chinhu kana chinhu. Somugumisiro, chobudira mugomba muchikwata mikuru kana zvinokosha. Somuenzaniso, musana bhuku kana suo mubato.

polysemy

Rokufananidzira zvinoreva mashoko - kutanga kazhinji nokuda unoreva zvakawanda wavo. In mutauro nesayenzi rinonzi "polysemy". Kazhinji hapana shoko rimwe yakagadzikana ukoshi. Uyezve, vanhu vanoshandisa mutauro, pane kazhinji kudiwa zita kutanga idzva, izvo haasati ane lexical notation. Muchiitiko chino, vanoshandisa mashoko avanoziva.

Mibvunzo polisemii - iri kazhinji nomination nyaya. Nemamwe mashoko, kufamba zvinhu yaivapo nokuzivikanwa neshoko. Zvisinei, haasi masayendisiti ose anobvumirana nazvo. Vamwe vavo havabvumirwi kanopfuura kamwe zvinoreva shoko. Pane imwe maonero. Masayendisiti akawanda vakatsigira pfungwa kuti zvinoreva wokufananidzira mashoko - ndiko yavo lexical zvinorehwa, icho akaziva nenzira dzakasiyana.

Somuenzaniso, tinoti "dzvuku domatisi". Sokushandiswa ino, kuti chipauro vanoshandiswa ukoshi. "Red" chingataurwa pamusoro murume. Muchiitiko chino, zvinonzwisiswa kuti nokukanganiswa uye nokukanganiswa. Saka, yokufananidzira zvinoreva anogona kugara kutsanangurwa kuburikidza zvakananga. Asi kujekesa, nei tsvuku anonzi zvitsvuku, zvemutauro havagoni kupa. Just zita rakapiwa ruvara.

The polysemy panewo mashoko Chiitiko kuti disparity tsika. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "kwemasikati" rinogona kureva kuti chinhu pakarepo yabvira, uye kuti murume nokukanganiswa nenyadzi, uye kuti zvose pakarepo kukavapo vakapopotedzana, uye zvichingodaro .. Vamwe mashoko aya anowanikwa mune mutauro kakawanda. Vakabva vasvika pfungwa kana shoko rinotaurwa. Vamwe kushandisa chete dzakananga ezvinhu uye yakananga mubatanidzwa.

Pakati vamwe zvichirehwa neshoko, pane kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro Links kuti zvinzwisiswe chakajairika kana zvivako siyana uye zvinhu vanonzi saizvozvo.

mudungwe munzira

Kushandisa shoko mupfungwa yokufananidzira anogona igadzikane mutauro chokwadi kwete chete. kushandiswa kwakadaro dzimwe nguva shoma, kupera, uye kunze mukati yechinangwa mashoko mumwe chete. Panyaya iyi, chinangwa kunokwanisika kupamhidzira akati risiri okuti.

Saka, pane kuputsika inotakurika zvaanoreva. Mienzaniso iyi kushandiswa iri nhetembo, mabhuku. Nokuti Genres izvi ndizvo inobudirira hwokudhirowa unyanzvi. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Bloc kuyeuka "maziso gwenga ngoro" kana "mvura guruva rwakamedzwa mu mapiritsi." Inorevei wokufananidzira shoko iyi? Izvi zvinoratidza zvayo muganhu kukwanisa kutsanangura pfungwa itsva.

The chidzoke dzokufananidzira zvichirehwa mashoko chaiko uye manyorero mhando uye makwara. Mune mamwe mazwi, chirungamutauro.

dimikira

In philology dzinounzwa inoverengeka yakasiyana mazita chinja mhando. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha pakati pavo dimikira. Mwari akaronga kuti kuchinjwa rimwe Fani pano mumwe. Uye ichi zvinokwanisika chete kana kufanana vamwe zvinhu. Zvakafanana kunogona kuva kwokunze (mu ruvara, kukura, hunhu, chimiro uye kufamba) uye yomukati (zvinofungidzirwa manzwiro uye nefemero). Saka, vachibatsirwa achireva vanoti pamusoro pfungwa vatema uye chiso yakashapa, nhema dutu uye chando mabiko. Panyaya iyi wokutsiva zvinhu, asi chiratidzo pfungwa ndewokuti.

Portable zvinoreva kushandisa madimikira kunoitika pakawanda pazvakafanana. Muenzaniso ndiye weft (mudziyo medical) uye makonye tarakita. Pachirehwa kuchinjwa zvakafanana chimiro. Metaphorical pfungwa dzinogona kuitwa uye mazita yakapiwa murume. Somuenzaniso, Hope, Love, Faith. Dzimwe nguva tsika kuchinjwa kwakaitwa kufanana ne kurira. Saka, hwamanda sairini kudanwa.

metonymy

Uyewo imwe mhando inokosha pakufamba mazita. Zvisinei, kana rinoshandiswa haana kushandisa zvakafanana zvemukati uye kwokunze zviratidzo. Pano tine contiguity kuti chikonzero uye maturo, kana mune mamwe mashoko, tangency zvinhu munguva kana muchadenga.

Metonymic rokufananidzira zvinoreva mashoko - kuchinja kwete chete nyaya, asi pfungwa iyoyo. Kana kutsanangurwa Fani iyi amenable chete kubatana zviri pedyo kubatana lexical cheni.

Yokufananidzira zvichirehwa mashoko anogona inobva kusonganirana acho akaita chinhu iyo. Somuenzaniso, nyika (muvhu), tafura (chikafu), uye zvichingodaro. D.

synecdoche

Pfungwa iyi kuchinjwa chipi chikamu yose. Muenzaniso uyu ndiwo okuti "mwana anoenda kuna vanaamai siketi," "munhu zana nemombe", etc.

homonyms

Pfungwa iyi zvakakura philology inzwi maviri kana mashoko zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Homonymy iri kurira zvinongoitika lexical dzakabatana dzisina chokuita mumwe semantically.

Kusiyanisa phonetic uye girama homonyms. nyaya yokutanga chokuita mashoko vari accusative kana nominative, inzwi zvakafanana asi vaine nziyo phonemes. Somuenzaniso, "shamhu" uye "dziva". Zvivakamutauro homonyms simuka kana ari phoneme, uye mataurirwo mashoko akafanana asi zvakasiyana chaizvo siyana mashoko. Somuenzaniso, nhamba "vatatu" uye rechiito "vatatu". haazovi zvakafanana kana kushandura mataurirwo emashoko. Somuenzaniso, "vachidzipukuta", "vatatu" uye t. D.

anoreva zvakafanana

Pfungwa iyi inoreva kuti mashoko chete mukukurukurirana, zvakafanana kana zvakafanana zvavo lexical zvaanoreva. Kwakatangira anoreva zvakafanana zviri wokumwe-mutauro wayo lexical zvinoreva obscheliteraturnogo uye mutauro. Kune yokufananidzira zvichirehwa mashoko uye kuburikidza jargon ( "dzinokaroparuka" - "ndiyo").

Anoreva zvakafanana rakakamurwa mhuka. Pakati pavo:

• Mhedziso ukoshi kana shoko zvinonyatsobatana zvachose ( "octopus" - "octopus");
• Conceptual, rinoreva siyana lexical zvarinoreva ( "kufunga" - "funga");
• manyorero, vane kusiyana manyorero coloring ( "hope" - "hope").

zvakapesana

Pfungwa iyi anouya mashoko chokuita chete chikamu kutaura, asi pamwe kumushora pfungwa. Izvi kwakadai inotakurika tsika kungava musiyano marongerwo ( "Zvino" - "kuti") uye dzakasiyana Midzi ( "chena" - "dema").
Antonymy kuonekwa mashoko vanoramba counterposed zvevhiki zviratidzo, mamiriro, zviito uye zvivako. Chinangwa chavo kushandiswa - kuchinjwa misiyano. nzira iyi rinowanzoshandiswa nhetembo uye kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi.