Magadzirirwo kuongorora mashoko sezvamunoita

Kuongororwa Zvinoumba mashoko (kana morphemic - rokuti "morpheme" unoratidza shoma dzinokosha zvinoriumba shoko) - mufananidzo mitauro kuongorora. Its chinangwa - kuona STRUCTURAL Kuronga chiratidzo. Kureva kuti kwakarurama kuongorora murwiyo mashoko, unofanira kuwana uye kusarudza zvose zvinoumba iyo dzinovakwa mumwe shoko fomu. Kwakadaro kuongorora (kwete kuti kuvhiringidzwa morphological, apo shoko ichaongororwa maererano nhengo imwe mukukurukurirana) uye inonzi morphemic.

Parsing mashoko ari murwiyo vanofanira kutanga pave miganhu mumwe morpheme, kuti zvakafanira nemazvo kuona chivakashure, mudzi, suffix, tichipedzisira hwaro. Asi zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti kwete ose shoko chimiro anofanira ine zvose morpheme huripo: semuenzaniso, "chikoro" rinobva pamudzi (-shkol-), suffix (-n-) uye magumo (-s). Asi, akavapindurawo, (uye hazvishamisi kuti mutauro ano Russian), pane mashoko dzinosanganisira midzi, prefixes kana suffixes. Saka, "steamer" rine midzi maviri (-par- uye -hod-) a suffix (-n-) uye kuzviuraya (-s). A "Nyatsoteerera" rinoumbwa pamudzi (-slush-) uye suffixes maviri (-a- uye -tel-), asi asina chivakashure uye kuguma shoko iri richava razero (pamutemo runoratidzwa kunyora tsamba).

Saka, kuti kuongorora murwiyo mashoko echokwadi, zvinokosha kuyeuka tsanangudzo shoma dzinokosha anogutsa vamapoka mutauro. Home morpheme iyo anotakura lexical zvinoreva (kureva anoratidza zvinoreva) uye vanowanzochema chikamu chete-mudzi mashoko - mudzi.

Somuenzaniso, sezvo kuti anotevera munhevedzano vakarondedzera "mvura", "mvura", "yepasi pemvura", "Vodicka" - chichava -water. Words pasina midzi mumutauro wokuRussia haako. Uye pano rinoumbwa chete payo - chaizvo "kumhanya", "mabhaisikopo", "chaizvo", "bhiza", "musha."

Morpheme zvinotora nzvimbo yaro shoko pamberi mudzi, yainzi chivakashure uye akamira vanomutevera - the suffix. Zviri zvakajeka kuti hazviiti kukwira chiratidzo, iyo ichange iine chete chete chivakashure kana suffix chete.

Zvakakodzera kufunga nzira nokuda Pakusarudza morphemes kuita morphemic kuongorora mashoko ari sezvamunoita. Root, chivakashure uye suffix masayendisiti-nyanzvi dzemitauro anoreva derivational morphemes. Kureva, zvakadai umo mashoko matsva mururimi mifananidzo. Uyezve derivational, yoga zvinoumba. Ivo zviripo kuti aumbe zvakasiyana-siyana mukati chete chiratidzo, uye nokuda kuratidzwa girama zvaanoreva. Nekuti morphemes vari kuzviuraya uye dzimwe suffixes mhando iyi.

End - .. Ko mhando morpheme, iyo anoumba yakasiyana siyana chete neshoko, uyewo nokuva chokukomborerwa zvivakamutauro chechikadzi, nhamba, nyaya, nguva, etc. Unogona chete sarudza kubva shanduka kumativi kutaura.

Zvisinei, tinofanira kusiyanisa mashoko vasina harinzwi uye null-wakagumiswa. Sezvambotaurwa, haina shoko siyana kuti handishanduki - Adverbial PARTICIPLE dudzirachiito, indeclinable emazita, adjectives, imire panzvimbo okufananidza dhigirii. A razero nekuguma - hazvina pamutemo vakasarudzwa chakarurama shanduka shoko zvivakamutauro rinoreva. Mienzaniso rokuumba -l- suffixes zvinogona kushandiswa kuumba zvatoitika verbs (enda-Th + suffix -n) -e-, kuburikidza zviri vakaumba madhigirii nezvemuenzaniso mune adjectives uye adverbs (ruzha - kwazvo).

Pakupedzisira, shoko rine nechimwe - zvose zvinoumba ayo pasina mugumo. Kuenda mberi chikoro kwakarongwa, zvinokwanisika kuziva mujinga sezvo chikamu zviratidzo havasi chete pasina magumo asiwo pasina okukura suffix.

Zvakakodzera kufunga nzira nokuda Pakusarudza morphemes, zvichiita kuongorora mashoko sezvamunoita. Mienzaniso morphemic ongororo:

"Forest"

1. End - "fung"
2. Base - the "dondo"
3. Mudzi - "dondo"
4. Suffix - the "n"

"Vashandi"

1. End - "uye"
2. Hwaro - "mushandi"
3. Mudzi - "basa"
4. Kunyaradzai - "ne"
5. The suffix - "Nick"

Saka, akapedzisa zvabuda musi "Parsing mashoko ari murwiyo", zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chete nekutevera imwe kuti: kuwana magumo (kana), kunan'anura nheyo, kuti asimbise apo mudzi (kuburikidza pakusarudza mumwe-mudzi mashoko), kusarudza suffix, chivakashure (kana), unogona kudzivisa zvikanganiso.