Structural zvinhu mumutauro weRussia. kuti shoko

In mutauro wokuRussia kune zvitsva design, zvinokosha zviri yatorwa hunotovapo mashoko kana zvikamu zvemashoko. Mumwe chinhu chinogona kupiwa muchikwata chaicho. Kune miviri chete: non-rinobva uye rinobva. Kunewo mamwe marudzi akasiyana shoko madzinde. Uyezve munyaya ino ngatimbotaura chii izvi zvinoriumba. Uyewo, tsvaka sei kuwana hwaro shoko. Mashoko mienzaniso vachapiwa kuti nokunzwisisa.

Mhando pezvivako

Muhurukuro kuti zvinhu zvakachinja pfuma, hwaro shoko chikamu vakasununguka kuguma uye namira rinopa chimiro. Somuenzaniso: mugwenga (I) kana vanoondoroka, sere (ouch) kana kuverenga (l). Mugore chisingaperi zvinhu hwaro kutaura akaenzana shoko. Mienzaniso anogona kunzi zvakagadzirwa Kurota kana yepamusorosoro. Pane kunze apo wakaputsika hunde neshoko:

- rechiito siyana kuti vane postfix -sya -s kana Somuenzaniso, kudzidza-ue-Xia;

- zvisazitasingwi, vane-kana, rimwe zuva, ipapo, muenzaniso sei-o-chinhu;

- chine emazita - rack-uye-mupanda;

-sulfonic sezviverengo - mhuri-uye-gumi uye.

Mamiriro okunze kutaura

Hwaro ndiro shoko chikamu. chaikosha ichi transmits ayo lexical rinoreva. Chii pamberi pedu chikamu - rinobva kana asiri rinobva - zvinogona nemaonero ayo mamiriro. Of shoko, chine rimwe morpheme, kureva mudzi anonzi non-rinobva. Somuenzaniso: tafura, guta. Kunyatsogona, izvo zvinosanganisira maviri kana kupfuura derivational namira anoonekwa kuti hwokurara. Kakawanda ndiwo mudzi, iyo pamwe chete suffix (kana mumwe hangaiwa) Somuenzaniso, chingwa-N-ndipo. With kunyaradzana - apiwa zera. Uye zvisingawanzoitiki nguva pamwe chivakashure uye suffix mushoko rimwe chete: hapana imba-N-ndipo. All Zvinotaurwa pakutaura zvinhu zvinogona aumba kubva rinobva kana asiri rinobva chikamu.

The urwu cheshoko

zvikamu ava zvinoumba itsva kutaura zvinhu. Havana ukama nomukaka uye vasiri rinobva hurongwa. Muenzaniso pamberi urwu nezvigadziko anogona kunzi shoko simba. Original kutaura chinhu isimba. Panobva mashoko kushandura uye kuti haachinji rakasiyana mumwe. Zvinhu zvinosiyana, chikamu ichi ndicho chikamu kuvhara uye pasina suffixes vaite chimiro. Somuenzaniso: kusuruvara kana hwindo. Sokurondedzera mu izvi zviitiko shoko? KwoUmambo ndechokuti unofanira kubvisa nokuguma uye okukura suffixes.

asiri rinobva maatomu akafanana

In mutauro wokuRussia mune mashoko ane chikuru hunhu. Kureva, hazvina aumba kubva chero zvivako. Panobva mashoko akadai dzinonzi non-rinobva. Somuenzaniso: mvura, uswa, chena. Non-rinobva neshoko rine chete mudzi. Hahugoni kukamurwa morpheme. Pahwaro asiri rinobva dzinogona kubatanidzwa affixes (suffixes, prefixes, Postfix, etc.). Idzowo itsva izwi zvinhu. Saka pane hurongwa zvinobva madzinde. Mienzaniso mashoko aya anogona kunzi hama - sezvo hama - pamapatya.

yaiwana eremendi

Iri ndiro zita shoko, yakabuda akatasva chinhu ari accession upi morpheme. The chikuru chezvinonhuwira chimwe chezvinonhuwira ichi mhando ndiyo mudzi, asi Angasanganisira mariri:

- suffixes. Mienzaniso: kushinga virility, murume;

- inonyaradza - nokuti-murume, muzukuru chibvi hapana;

- the chivakashure uye suffix mushoko rimwe chete. Somuenzaniso: ari murume-uye-ck, WHO-murume-uye-N-ndipo.

Rinobva chimiro inogona rakakamurwa morphemes akawanda, izvozvo rinoumbwa kwete chete kubva mudzi. Rinobva chimiro kungava kuramba uye discontinuous. Wokutanga mhando inogona munyaya inotevera mienzaniso: hope-Th, hove-munhu kana pamabwendefa okutanga. Mienzaniso inoratidza anogadzirwa substrates mashoko kusangana kana kufarira-uye-musasa, etc. Zvinokosha kucherechedza zvimwe zvivako izvi. Chero rinobva chikamu ine yayo kugadzira shoko rakaipa. Ekupedzisira ane chinhu yepakutanga. Somuenzaniso, funga shoko mvura, uye nomukaka ayo: mvura, mvura uye mvura.

Sei nokubatanidza suffix, chivakashure uye postfix

Chokutanga mienzaniso zvakanaka-DOX-Th-Xia kana raizovawira-uye-inda-kunyemwerera. Panyaya iyi, kuti nechigadziko, unonzi urwu, richibatana affixes kuti vanoumba shoko, nokuda navo chinhu chitsva kana mutsara. Izvi zvinogona siyana namaketani mitsara. Aya kunyanya zvinosanganisira mashoko ane asiri rinobva hwaro. Mumwe kutaura chinhu ndowenyika cheni, riri kuonekwa akarondedzera, uye stemmings. Zvigadziko zvine mugumo sezvo vachiwirirana, -s zvingasafadza nematambudziko parsing mashoko. Ungazvidyawo nezvinetso yatinoona govera mudzi. Somuenzaniso: mweni, nyaya, gava. Kuti kusakanganisa, unofanira imwe nguva kunyengetedza mumwe shoko uye edza kunzwisisa zvakadini ruzha hwaponeswa (j) nezvimwe shoko. Kana zvisiri, Saka, tine shanduka chikamu shoko. Nemamwe mashoko, mutsindo (j) aripo pamagumo. Kana akaramba pachena, zvino, ndiwo hwaro shoko. Somuenzaniso: kuva - J - vakasuwa Stat - J - i. Kana morphological kuongorora mashoko hwaro inofanira runotaurwa sikweya stitching pazasi. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune nzira zvakanyorwa. The zvemagetsi shanduro akadhindwa chawo inomira munhuwo mumabhuraketi. Izvi imhaka yokuti pane kombiyuta kiibhodhi haana zvakakodzera kiyi. mitemo izvi zvose zvinokosha akadzidza kuchikoro, ivo zvinokosha munhu akadzidza.