Chii nhaurirano uye kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura muna Russian

Nyaya iyi ichapindura mubvunzo: "Chii nhaurirano uye kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura?". Rine zvinoitwa izvi kaviri hwekutaura, tsanangudzo, muri kusiyana neimwe, nyora, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Tinovimba kuti nyaya yedu ichakubatsira napo zvizere kunzwisisa kusiyana navo, kuti kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva.

Nhaurirano: tsananguro

Nhaurirano - chiri muchimiro kutaura, riri kukurukura pakati maviri kana kupfuura vanhu, chine wekurukurirano mumashoko pakati pavo. The chikuru chairema nhaurirano rinonzi dialogical kubatana - iri nyaya (chinangwa.) tichibatanidza mune rimwe nomumwe isingadhuri yezvifananidzo akawanda, ndiko kuchinjana mashoko, pfungwa, ose chinotevera uko chokuita yaimbovapo uye hunotsigirwa payo.

Kuvapo dialogic kubatana rinotsanagurwa maererano nokuda dissimilar isingadhuri yezvifananidzo (wedzera, kupararira, nyaya, mvumo yemuridzi nokushorwa, mubvunzo-mhinduro payakavakirwa kutaura nokuzvibata).

Dzimwe angawanika nokuda mashoko, izvo vasiri maitiro kuti rapfuura yakatofanana interlocutor, asi vakawanda mamiriro ezvinhu rwokutaura iyo achitaura mukwikwidzi anobvunza mumwe mubvunzo:

- Ndeipi nhaurirano uye kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura yenyu mafungiro?

- Unofungei?

propositional hunhu kungaenderana zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya pamusoro hunhu ari kukurukura kutukana dzavo nzira uye nzira, tsika dzavo kutaura, kuti chinhu yokuva "anogona muteereri" (usingabereki kutora chikamu mune kukurukurirana, kunyange varipo naye), ukuru chirango pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu umo yokukurukurirana kunoitika.

mhando kudyidzana

On zvaidiwa yakatofanana remitemo uye kunokanganisa ukama vechikamu kudaidzwa, kureva, avo rudzi kwokukurukurirana. Mhando chikuru zvitatu: co-nedoro uye kuenzana. The mwero kuchechi kunobva zvakatipoteredza kukurukura kuzvidzora pakutaura uye mutauro pokuita zvaanoda uye nezvaanoda.

The nemamiriro nhaurirano

Russian mutauro Nhaurirano nguva dzose ane mamwe mamiriro mune mhando dzakawanda kuramba zvakafanana: kutanga anoenda intonation, ipapo - huru chikamu, uye pakupedzisira - kupera. Intonation kungava chimwe zhinji zvokuimba kutaura nokuzvibata (Hello, Vasily Vladimirovich!) Kana rokutanga interrogative muromo (inguvai?), Uyewo yakatofanana-mutongo (nhasi ekunze Great!).

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Kureba nhaurirano kunogona hunonzi magumo, nokuti rakavhurika inogona yakaderera muganhu. Zvinenge ose Kurukurirano mutauro Russian inogona chokuwedzera kuwedzera dialogical unities icho chine. Zvisinei, mune tsika ine dialogical nemagumo (kutaura nokuzvibata mutsara (Sara mushe!), A yakatofanana kubvumirana (pasina mubvunzo!) Kana yakatofanana-response).

nhaurirano Features

Nhaurirano - ndiwo dzinongoitika yokukurukurirana, unova chikuru. Saka, muna kutaura chimiro ichi ndicho chinonyanya kwakapararira. Asi nhaurirano (tsanangudzo wakapiwa pamusoro) ndiko ndiripo journalistic, zvesayenzi uye mukuru mabhizimisi mutauro.

The chikuru yokukurukurirana, ndicho kwatangwa nomuromo kusakarongeka kugadzirira chimiro. Izvi zvinoshandawo zvikurukuru ataura mutauro, umo dingindira kwehurukuro mukufamba kwaro budiriro kungachinja pasi pokudzora anongoitika zvinhu. Zvisinei, muna journalistic, zvesayenzi uye pamutemo-basa kutaura panguva rokutanga kugadzirira isingadhuri yezvifananidzo (kunyanya nyaya), kugadzirwa uye kuvaka nhaurirano (mutauro Russian uye nemimwe mitauro venyika ino zvakafanana) ichava kwaitika, sapamazuva vazhinji zviitiko kuita yakatofanana interlocutor vachatitaka nezvimwewo uye kuzivikanwa.

Most zvakajeka muchimiro kutaura kunoratidza nheyo, anotaurwa so "waifarirwa musimboti mari kutaura mashoko." Izvi zvinoreva kuti vechikamu pamamiriro ezvinhu ndivo miti zvishoma pamusoro pedu, kuti chemashoko, zvinoreva zvekupfakira nokuda dzakasiyana-siyana asiri kutukana nzira yokukurukurirana kushayikwa kutaura mashoko. Izvi non-kutukana siyana zvinosanganisira chiso chedu, intonation, kushandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri uye muviri kufamba.

Conditions nokuti panowanikwa nhaurirano

Nokuti chidzoke yekutaurirana rumwe rutivi, tinoda chepakutanga vanhuwo nehwaro mashoko achadzidzwa kugoveranwa nhengo, uye kuno rumwe, zvakafanira kuti pane kuva musiyano shoma iri vechikamu zivo kutaura kwokukurukurirana. Zvikasadaro, ivo havazokwanisi kupfuura mumwe mashoko akakodzera pamusoro penyaya yacho kutaura, zvinoreva kuti nhaurirano achava zvakunokanganisa. Izvozvo uninformative inokanganisa negoho rakapihwa chimiro kutaura. chinhu akadaro angaita kwete chete panguva yakaderera izwi kukurukura kukwanisa vechikamu, asi kana havana chido kutanga nhaurirano uye kukudziridza nayo.

Nhaurirano, umo chete chimiro chimwe kutaura nokuzvibata inonzi Ehtiketnye siyana, ane wevakadzidza pfungwa, mune mamwe manzwi, haisi anodzidzisa. Panyaya iyi, vadzidzi hapana chikonzero kana chido kuwana ruzivo, asi nhaurirano pachayo pamutemo kugamuchirwa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu (somuenzaniso, pamusangano munzvimbo)

- Hello!

- Hello!

- Makadii?

- Okay, kuvonga. Uye iwe?

- Zviri kunaka, ndinoshanda zvishoma.

- Zvakanaka, saka kure, tichifara!

- Bye!

An chinokosha zvimiso panowanikwa nhaurirano kuitira kuti mashoko itsva kudiwa kutaurirana. chinokonzera izvi mugumisiro zvingakanganisa pakakoromoka nhaka mashoko uye ruzivo vacho.

mhando nhaurirano

Maererano zvinangwa uye zvinangwa, soMupi interlocutors uye mamiriro ezvinhu yokukurukurirana zvinotevera mhando yenhaurirano dzemumba: Business kukurukurirana, mutengi nhaurirano uye kubvunzurudza.

Nevamwe zviri nhaurirano nezuva - zvichibvira yakatsauka kubva wenyaya, kuzvironga, kushaya zvinangwa uye kudiwa sarudzo, nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vakurukure, unhu mashoko, zvikuru kushandiswa nezvaunomuitira (nezvaunomuitira) Kukurukura maturusi uye unyanzvi, kukurukurirana.

Business kukurukurirana - kukurukurirana kunyanya pakati mapato maviri kusvika kukurukurirana, iyo inobereka zvikuru interpersonal hunhu. Muchiitiko chino, pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye nzira vanotukwa uye nezvaunomuitira simba vechikamu mumwe. Business kukurukurirana, kunyange zviri dzose imwe nyaya, mumwe unhu-zvinangwa (kusiyana, somuenzaniso, pamusoro mabhizimisi Nhaurirano) uye kunoitika kunonyanya pakati nhengo imwe kambani.

Interview - Kukurukura nhau mumiririri nemunhu ane chitupa iri pachena kufarira. Its runoratidza - dvuadresnost, kureva anokubvunzurudza (uyo inoitisa kubvunzurudzwa) pamwe rakananga kero kuti mugamuchiri runovaka chaiyo mutambo kukurukurirana, kuverenga achinyanya pamusoro zvinhu zvayo manzwisisire vaverengi ramangwana.

Nyora dzomutauro munhaurirano

Chiperengo nhaurirano dziri Russian - nyore chaizvo dingindira. Kana yakatofanana vakurukuri kutanga ndima itsva, pamberi neimwe makanyorwa nekamutsetse Somuenzaniso:

- Ndeipi nhaurirano uye kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura?

- Ava kaviri kutaura.

- Uye vakanga vakasiyana sei kubva mumwe?

- Number zvevanhu.

Kana kusarudzwa yakatofanana kuenda pasina ndeye munhu, mumwe nomumwe wavo anofanira kuva inotora mashoko uye vakaparadzaniswa rinotevera pedyo nokuputsanya. Somuenzaniso: "Chii nhaurirano uye kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura?" - "The siyana kutaura." - "Tinotenda rubatsiro!".

Kana, pashure Mitsara munyori vakatevera nemashoko, pamberi unotevera nokuputsanya Haatauri: "Sei iwe" - akabvunza Maria Petrovna. "Hapana, zvishoma nezvishoma", - akati Igor Olegovich.

Kuziva mitemo nyore izvi, uye kushandisa navo tsika, unogona nguva dzose kunyora kukurukurirana zvakanaka.

Kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura: Definition

Kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura ane hama kureba nguva (izvozvo rinoumbwa dzakasiyana zvikamu nokuda vhoriyamu, akarondedzera anomiririra zvinoreva uye maumbirwo zvinotaura), uye kusiyana-siyana uye kupfuma zvakasiyana nemashoko. Very siyana nyaya kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura, izvo zvinogona nomuzvarirwo kuchinja panguva yayo kukura.

Marudzi kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura

Yakabvuma anopa nezvemarudzi maviri inokosha monologues.

1. monologues, iyo inofanira nemaune, vanoziva mashoko uye kuteterera muteereri, dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa nomumukanwa kutaura bhuku: kwesayenzi dzaiita (Muenzaniso - mashoko kana zvedzidzo hurukuro), nemumuromo uye voruzhinji rinotonga kutaura. The budiriro mukuru aiva kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura zviri unyanzvi kutaura.

2. kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura sezvo kutaura oga, kuti haisi kunangidzirwa kutungamirira muteereri, uye ivo pachavo. Izvi mhando Kutaura anonzi "kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura nechomukati." Hazvina yakagadzirirwa kuedza kunyengedza mhinduro woga.

Kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura, mienzaniso izvo izhinji, anogona kuva kwatangwa uye vasina kugadzirira (kazhinji rinoshandiswa pakutaura kwezuva nezuva), uyewo pre-aronga, vakagadzirira.

Types kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura pamusoro kurwisa

Maererano zvinangwa kudzingirirwa nemashoko, kune mhando nhatu huru: informational matauriro, nyengerera uye kurudzira.

Chinangwa chikuru mashoko - kuchinjwa ruzivo. Kutaura iyi kufungawo wokutanga zvose njere uye zvishande nemano omumwe acho vateereri.

A-siyana informational kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura ndiyo siyana kutaura, mishumo, mharidzo, mishumo, mashoko.

Hunogutsa kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura yakatungamirira zvikurukuru manzwiro uye manzwiro muteereri. Achitaura kutanga kufungawo aikanganiswa okupedzisira. Pakazosvika siyana kutaura dzinosanganisira: yomutambo, kwaziso, kunosuwisa.

Kufurira kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura (mienzaniso iyo - dzakakurumbira chaizvo munguva yedu, matauriro enyika) anotevera anonyanya kunangana kukurudzira vadzidzi kuti zviito siyana. Zvinosanganisira: mharidzo kunyunyuta, kutaura enyika, mumwe kutaura, chiito.

Rinoumba chimiro kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura

The kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura murume Dendere chine chimiro kuti kunotsamira kushanda-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kana Genre uye manyorero ani. Siyana Genres uye manyorero kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura zviri zvinotevera: Kutaura oratorical, yepamutemo mabhizimisi uye unyanzvi kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura pamusoro mutauro wokuRussia, uyewo mamwe marudzi. Pakazosvika dzichipfekeka-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro zvinosanganisira raibuda, description, nharo.

Monologues yakasiyana mune mwero kuchechi uye Gadziriro. Somuenzaniso, kutaura oratorical - zviri dzose pre-akaronga uye akagadzirira kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura kuti zvirokwazvo kutaurwa chakarongwa ezvinhu. Asi kune vamwe zvakadini chiri hazvizivi chimiro rwokutaura, zvinowanzoita nguva dzose kuva nhaurirano. Saka, chero kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura ane siyana zvinoreva dialogization. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, mibvunzo isina mhinduro, rokukwirira, mubvunzo-mhinduro chimiro kutaura nevamwe. Nemamwe mashoko, ichi ndicho zvose pamusoro chido chokuwedzera inzwi ataura mashoko nezvebasa rayo kuenda, bhuku, agarise kuita.

The kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura wakasiyana kupinda (ndiko kunorondedzerwa nyaya kutaura nomukurukuri), chikuru chikamu uye mhedziso (umo nomukurukuri matauriro ake zvabuda).

mhedziso

Saka, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura nekutaurirana - ndiyo huru mbiri siyana kutaura, zvakasiyana kubva mumwe ari nhamba nekukosha kugoverana nyaya. Kurukurirano iri chikuru uye zvakasikwa chimiro, senzira kuchinjana maonero uye pfungwa pakati vechikamu uye kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura - uwane mashoko, umo narrator ndiyo chete munhu mumwe. Sei kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura uye dialogic kutaura zviripo nomumukanwa uye pakunyora, kunyange zvazvo nemhaka ekupedzisira nguva dzose zviri izvozvo kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura, munhu dialogical - hwaro nomumukanwa chimiro.