Carl Maria von Weber - munyori, muvambi weGerman romantic opera: biography uye zvisikwa

Carl Maria von Weber - munyori wemukurumbira wechiGermany uye muimbi wezana remakore rechi18, uyo aiva mukoma wa mudzimai waMoart. Akaita chikamu chakakura pakukudzwa kwemimhanzi uye yemitambo. Mumwe wevatangi veRomanticism muGermany. Mabasa ake anozivikanwa zvikuru aive mabasa ake.

Carl Maria von Weber: biography. Childhood makore

Akaberekerwa Karl mumusha muduku weGerman weEitan (Holstein). Ichi chakaitika musi waDecember 18, 1786. Baba vake vaiva Franz Weber, uyo aifarira mimhanzi. Akashanda semudzidzi wemabhizimisi mune imwe kambani yekufambisa.

Vana vemakore emumhanzi munguva yemberi vakapfuura pakati peandical theater actors. Iyi mamiriro chaiye yakakonzera mukomana uyu uye akatsunga ramangwana rake. Saka, iyo yaiva kambani yemitambo yakaisa mukati mavo kufarira mumitambo inoshamisa uye yemimhanzi, uye yakapawo ruzivo pamusoro pemitemo yechiitiko uye mimhanzi chaiyo yezvinhu zvinoshamisa.

Pazera remakore, Weber aivewo akabatanidzwa uye aifarira kupenda. Zvisinei, baba nemukoma mukuru vakaedza kumutaurira zvimwe kumimhanzi. Franz, pasinei nekufamba nguva dzose, akakwanisa kupa mwanakomana wake dzidzo yakanaka yemimhanzi.

Kunyorwa kwokutanga

Muna 1796 Karl Maria von Weber akadzidza piyano kuHildburhausen, iye zvino muSalzburg akadzidza zvinyorwa zvepa counterpoint muna 1707, zvino muMunich kubva muna 1798 kusvikira muna 1800 akadzidza unyanzvi hwemagariro kumatare echitendero Calheroma. Mumakore iwayochete ini ndakatora zvidzidzo zvokuimba.

Carl akatora chido chakanyanya mumimhanzi. Uye muna 1798 iye, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaJ. M. Haydn, akatoitawo fughetts yakawanda ye keyboard. Iyi ndiyo yaiva yekutanga mabasa omunyori. Chii chinoshamisa, asi opera Carl Maria von Weber zvakare akatanga kunyora kare kare. Nechechokwadi, mushure mokunge mhirizhonga ichioneka mbiri dzezvisikwa zvake zvikuru, zvatinotaurira gare gare, pamwe nehombe huru, chiGerman, eco-season, comic canons. Asi mukuru ndiye Singspiel "Peter Schmoll nevavakidzani vake", yakasikwa muna 1801. Ndiyo basa iri rakagamuchirwa kubvumirwa naJohn Michael Haydn pachake.

High position

Muna 1803, pakanga paine hukuru hunokosha mukugadzirisa kwehupenyu hwomunguva yeruzhinji rwekuGermany romantic opera. Mugore rino, Weber anouya kuVienna, mushure mekufamba rwendo rurefu muGermany. Pano iye anosangana nemukurumbira kwazvo panguva iyoyo mumudzidzisi mudzidzisi Abbe Vogler. Uyu akakurumidza kuona zvipembenene zvaiva mune ruzivo rwemimhanzi-ruzivo rweCharles, uye vakatora kuguma kwavo. Muumbi wacho akashanda zvakaoma uye akapiwa zvikuru. Muna 1804, mukomana wake ane makore gumi nemanomwe akagamuchirwa semutambiri, kureva, mutungamiri, kuBreslau Opera House, nekuda kwekutonga kwaVogler. Ichi chiitiko chakaratidza nguva itsva yekusika uye hupenyu Weber, iyo inosanganisira nguva inotevera - kubva muna 1804 kusvika muna 1816.

Kutanga kwe nguva inonyanya kukosha yekusika

Mimhanzi yemabasa aKarl Maria von Weber panguva ino iri kutarisana nekushanduka-shanduka. Pakati pese, kubva muna 1804, basa rose romunyori riri kuchinja. Panguva iyoyo, maonero aTeber maonero uye nyika inooneka, uye tarenda yemimhanzi inonyatsooneka.

Mukuwedzera, Karl anoratidza tarenda chaiye yemugadziri mumimhanzi uye nharaunda. Uye kufamba neboka racho kuPrague neBreslau rakazarura maari kukwanisa kwomutungamiriri. Asi Weber akanga asingagoni kunyatsoziva tsika dzechikoro, anotsvaka kuchinja nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvose. Saka, iye semutungamiri, akashandura urongwa hwekuiswa kwevimhanzi muchechi yeimba ye opera. Iye zvino ivo vakabatanidzwa maererano nemhando yemhando. Uyu munyori aitarisira mutemo weimba yekuimba, iyo ichave yakakurumbira muzana remakore rechi19 ne20.

Uyu musikana wemakore gumi nemasere Weber wakadzivirira kushandura kwake kushingaira nezvose zvakashata zvehuduku hwake, pasinei nekuramba kwevimhanzi nevaimbi vanotsvaka kuchengetedza tsika yakagara yakagadzirwa mumitambo yeGermany.

Mabasa makuru epanguva iyi

Muna 1807-1810 mabasa emitambo-inotsanangura uye magwaro eKarl Maria von Weber akatanga. Anotanga kunyora kuongororwa uye nyaya pamusoro pemitambo uye mimhanzi, anotanga nhau inonzi "The Life of a Musician", anonyora manyorero ake kune zvinyorwa zvake.

Mabasa akanyorwa panguva yose yekutanga yebasa romunyori anotibvumira kuti tione kuti zvishoma nezvishoma zvinhu zvehupenyu remutauro wakakura uye wakakomba wemunyori uri kuwedzera nekujeka. Panguva ino, kukosha kukuru muurongwa hwemhizha hunowanikwa nemabasa aAber's musical-dramatic, pakati pawo:

• Singshpil "Abu Hasan".
• Opera "Silvana".
• Nyerere mbiri uye cantatas mbiri risina zita.

Uyewo munguva iyi paive nezvakawandisa, nziyo, arias dzemakashaya, nezvimwewo.

Dresden nguva

Pakutanga kwa1817, Carl Maria von Weber akava mutungamiri weDresden "Opera yeGermany". Mugore rimwe chete, akaroorwa naCaroline Brandt, muimbi wemapera.

Kubvira panguva ino inotanga nguva inokosha uye yekupedzisira yezvakagadzirwa nemunyori, izvo zvichaguma muna 1826 nekufa kwake. Panguva ino, mabasa aTeber uye mutungamiri anotora unhu hwakasimba. Panguva imwe chete, aifanira kugumburwa nematambudziko semutungamiri uye mutungamiri. Zvinhu zvitsva zvaCharles Maria zvakarwisana zvakasimba nemitambo yemitambo yakatora anenge anenge zana nehafu, uyewo F. Morlacchi, mutungamiri wekambani yeItera inopera muDresden. Pasinei nezvose izvi, Weber akakwanisa kuunganidza mutambo mutsva weGermany. Uyezve, akakwanisa kutarisa mamwe maitiro akanaka, pasinei nekugadziriswa kwakagadzirirwa pamwe chete.

Zvisinei, usafunga kuti weber-composer akaratidza nzira ye Weber-Kapellmeister. Akakwanisa kubatanidza zvose izvi uye kuita nekunaka. Yakanga iri panguva ino iyo mabasa akanaka edzidzisi akaonekwa, kusanganisira opera yake yakakurumbira.

"Shooter Shooter"

Nhau inotaurwa mune iyi opera inodzokera kumashoko evanhu ekuti munhu akatengesa dhiyabhorosi mweya wake sei guruva remashiripiti rakamubatsira kuti akunde mutsara wokupfura. Uye mubairo waiva wokuroora mudzimai akanaka, uyo gamba raive murudo. Kwenguva yokutanga mu opera yakaitwa izvo zviri pedyo uye zvakajairika kumwoyo weGermany. Weber inoratidzira hupenyu huri nyore hwemusha nemafungiro eanivety uye kuseka kunonyadzisa. Bewitching uye sango, kuvanda pasi pekunyemwerera zvinyorwa zvinotyisa, uye heroes, kubva kumadzimai emumusha uye vanovhima vanofara, vachipedza machinda ane simba uye akanaka.

Ichi chimiro chimiro chakabatanidzwa nemimhanzi yakaisvonaka, uye izvi zvose zvakava girazi rinoratidza zvose zveGermany. Mune basa iri, Weber haana kungosunungura mutambo wekuGermany kubva kune chiItaly neFrance, asi akakwanisawo kuisa nheyo dzomufambiro unotungamirira wezana rose remakore rechi19.

Mutungamiri uyu wakaitwa musi waJune 18, 1821 uye akabudirira zvikuru nevateereri, uye Weber akava mhare chaiyo yenyika.

Gare gare opera yakazivikanwa sechigadzirwa chikuru pane yose yechiGerman romantic theatre. Munyori, achitora sechikonzero chemhando singshpilya, akashandiswa maitiro emhando dzakawanda, izvo zvakabvumira kuzadzisa basa nemutambo uye psychology. Nzvimbo huru mu opera inoshandiswa nemifananidzo yakawanda yemimhanzi yevarwi uye zvisikwa zvezuva nezuva zvakabatana nevanhu vomuGerman. Mimhanzi yemimhanzi uye zviitiko zvinonakidza zvakanyatsorondedzerwa nekuda kwehupfumi hwemutambo wakagadzirwa naHeber.

Chimiro che opera uye maitiro ayo emimhanzi

Iyo "shooter shoma" inotanga nechisimba, umo maimbiro anonyatsofarira ehwamanda yeFrance anowanzoita. Pamberi pemushanyi mufananidzo wekushamisika wemusango unoswededzwa, nhetembo dzenhema dzekare dzokuvhima dzinonzwika. Chikamu chikuru chekuvhara chinorondedzera kurwisana kwekupesana. Iko kunopera nekodhi yepamusoro.

Chiito chekutanga chiitiko chinopesana nechemukati kwemasimba makuru anofara. Tinoona mifananidzo yezvokugara kwemazororo, zvakanakidzirwa zvakare kuburikidza nekutaura kwechikwaya, vanhu vemazuva emitambo. Rwiyo runoratidzika sezvinonyatsotambidzwa nemimhanzi yekumba, uye nyika yakasununguka waltz iri nyore uye haina.

Nehovha yacho inopesana zvakanyanya ne aria wevhimi Max, iyo izere nekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuvhiringidzika. Uye mune rwiyo rwokunwa rwechipiri, Cheparpar, rwiyo rukuru runoita kuti chiito chinokurumidza chinzwike.

Chiito chechipiri chakakamurwa kuva mifananidzo miviri, yakasiyana nemumwe. Muchikamu chekutanga tinonzwa kutanga weAlexetta asina hanya, iyo inoshumira mumvuri kuchena kwemweya nekudzika kwemanzwiro emudiwa wake Agatha. Mifananidzo iri kuzadzwa nekuimbira rwiyo rwiyo nenzikudzokorora, izvo zvinobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani zvakaitika kune musikana. Chikamu chekupedzisira chizere nemufaro, chiedza uye kubwinya.

Zvisinei, ikozvino mumufananidzo wechipiri, kukanganisa kukuru kunotanga kuwedzera. Uye basa guru rakapiwa kuvimba. Mhemberi inonzwika isina kujairika, matsi uye inosuruvara, inotyisa, uye nziyo yeimbaya yakavanzwa kubva kuvateereri inosimbisa chakavanzika. Weber akakwanisa kuwana mutsara unonyatsotaridzika mimhanzi yekudengenyeka kwemweya yakaipa nemadhimoni.

Chiito chechitatu chakaparadzaniswa kuva mifananidzo miviri. Wekutanga anobhabhatidza mutarisiri kuva mumhepo yakadzikama uye isina kunaka. Bato reAgatha rakaputirwa nechiedza chinyararire chinoputika, uye sarudzo yevasikana yakarongedzwa mumanyoro anononoka, umo zvinangwa zvenyika zvinonzwa.

Chikamu chechipiri chinovhurwa nechokuvhiya chevavhimi, pamwe chete nenzwi rekuvhima nyanga. Muchiimbi ichi vanhu vechiGermany vanonzwika, izvo zvakazowanikwa mukuzivikanwa kwenyika.

Iko opera inoguma nechemberi yakaita sangano rine choruri, pamwe chete nenziyo inofadza, leitmotif inopfuura nepabasa rose.

Kusika kwe "Oberon" uye mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu

The fabulous opera Oberon yakanyorwa muna 1926, yakapedzisa mutsara wakanaka wekunyorera opera nemunyori. Weber akanyora izvi kuti atarisire mhuri yake. Muumbi wacho aiziva kuti aizofa nokukurumidza, uye pakanga pasina munhu aizotarisira vaanoda.

"Oberon" iri maitiro ayo yakasiyana zvachose netsika ye Weber yakajairika. Kune munyori, uyo aigara achitsigira kufungidzira kwema opera nemifananidzo yehutano, chimiro chebasa chakanga chakaremera. Zvisinei, takaitira opera iyi kuti Weber akakwanisa kugadzira mimhanzi yakaisvonaka kwazvo. Nenguva iyo Oberon yakanyorwa, hutano hwomunyori hwakanyongedzerwa zvikuru, uye aisagona kufamba, asi Karl Maria haana kurasikirwa nekutanga. Opera yakagamuchirwa, zvakare zvakare kutsoropodza uye vatariri vakarumbidza tarenda reTeber.

Zvinosuruvarisa, munyori wacho haana nguva yakawanda yekurarama. Mazuva mashomanana mushure mekutanga, akawanikwa akafa. Zvakaitika musi waJune 5, 1826 muLondon. Yaiva pazuva rino kuti Weber aizodzokera kumusha kwake kuGermany.

MuDresden muna 1861 chigaro cheTeber chakavakwa.

First Youth Opera

"Taura musikana musango," basa guru rokutanga romunyori, akakodzera kutaura. Mutsara we opera wakaitwa muna 1800 muFebiburg. Pasinei nevechidiki uye usingazivi zvaakanyora, akabudirira uye akakunda kugamuchirwa. Tinogona kutaura kuti uku kugadzirwa kwebasa iri kwaiva kutanga kwebasa re Weber rakagadzirwa.

Kana ari opera, haina kukanganwa uye kwenguva yakareba yakaramba ichioneka mumitambo yePrague, Vienna, Petersburg nemamwe maguta enyika.

Mamwe mabasa

Weber asiya shure pfuma yakawanda yekusika, iyo zvisingakwanisi kuverenga. Asi ngationei zvinokosha zvikuru pamabasa ake:

• 9 operas, kusanganisira "Three Pinto", "Ryubetsal", "Sylvanas", "Evrianta".
• Kupindira kweMimhanzi kune zvinomwe zvinotyisa.
• Solo nemabasa emakumbo emumhanzi zvinosanganisira 5 mashoma, nziyo dzinopfuura 90, dzinopfuura 30 ensembles, 9 cantatas, dzinenge gumi nziyo dzevanhu.
• Piano nziyo: 4 sonatas, 5 mitambo, makumi mana makumi maviri nemitambo uye mitambo, 8 kuchinja kwemaitiro.
• Panenge makonti 16 emakorani epiyano, clarinet, runyanga rweFrance neBassoon.
• 10 inoshanda kumakwikwi uye 12 yekamuri rakaungana.

Chokwadi chinofadza

Munyori we Weber akanga ari munhu asingazivikanwi nehupenyu hwake, zvigaro uye kukanganisa.

Somuenzaniso, akavenga kubwinya kweumwe. Kunyanya kusinganzwisisi kwaiva Rossini. Weber aigara achitaurira shamwari neshamwari dzake kuti mimhanzi yaRossini yakanga iri pakati, iyo yaiva mafashoni angakanganwa mumakore mashomanana.

Njodzi inoshungurudza yakatungamirira kukuti Weber akarasikirwa nenzwi rake rakanaka. Rimwe chete muBreslau, munyori wacho akanga akamirira shamwari kuti adye, uye kuti asapedza nguva, akagara pasi kuti ashande. Weber akakurumidza kushungurudzika ndokusarudza kuzvitsvaira nekunwa kwewaini. Asi nekuda kwemasikati manheru akavhiringidza chirongo nechinwiwa neicho icho baba vake vakachengeta sulfuric acid. Muumbi wacho akatora sipfu ndokuwa asina upenyu. Apo shamwari yake yaisvika, hapana akaizarura iyo kugogodza, asi kwaiva nechiedza mumahwindo. Akakumbira rubatsiro, musuo wakazarurwa, uye Weber akakurumidza kutorwa kuchipatara. Vanachiremba vakaponesa upenyu hwomunyori, asi muromo wemuromo, huroti nemakumbo ehurukuro zvakanga zvakatsva zvokuti akamanikidzwa kutaura chete kusvika pakuguma kwemazuva ake mukunyunyuta.

Weber aifarira chaizvo mhuka. Muimba yake aigara imbwa, kati, shiri dzakasiyana-siyana uye kunyange mbongoro yecapuchin. Chizhinji chezvose, munyori uyu aifarira makungu eIndia, aigona kuti: "Manheru akanaka."

Weber akanga akaparadzaniswa nehupenzi. Akanga achida zvikuru zvokuti akanyora pasi pechirevo chekunyengedza nyaya pamusoro pake, izvo zvakadhindwa nguva nenguva mumapepanhau. Asi iyi yakanga isiri iyo chete. Muimbi wacho akazvida zvikuru zvokuti akatumidza vana vake vana vana mazita ake: Maria Caroline, Carl Maria, Caroline Maria.

Pasina mubvunzo, Weber aiva munyori ane nyanzvi uye munyori, uyo akaita ruzivo rwakakosha mukusimudzirwa kwemaGermany art. Hongu, murume uyu akanga asina zvisina kukanganisa uye akasiyana mune zvisina zvazvinobatsira, asi genius ose ane zvirks zvake.