Chimiro chemasero emhuka nemhuka: kufanana nekusiyana

Chimiro chemasero nemhuka dzemhuka chakasiyana zvakasiyana. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura zvinhu zvikuru zvezvivako zvemuviri. Kufanana nekusiyana pakati pemiti uye masero emhuka zvichange zvisingatauriki.

Ko chiduku chiduku chemuviri

Chimiro chemasera nemhuka dzemhuka zvinopa kuvepo kwezvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha: membrane ne-supramembrane formations, cytoplasm uye nucleus.

Iyo membrane inoparadzanisa zviri mukati memusero kubva kune zvakasikwa. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: phospholipid uye protein. Pamusoro pazvo pane mamwe mabhomba (rusvingo kana glycocalyx).

Iyo cytoplasm inosanganisira hyaloplasm (mvura mukati mekugara), inclusions (maitiro mashomanana akaita semadonhwe kana makristst of reserve nutrients) uye organoids (zvigaro zvisingaperi zvinoita mamwe mabasa). Iyo yekupedzisira ichakurukurwa nehuwandu.

Chii chinonzi organelles?

Chimiro chemasera nemhuka dzemhuka zvinopa kuve kwemajeri matatu e organoids: kwete-membrane, imwe membrane uye kaviri membrane.

Izvo-zvisingabatanidzi uye imwe-membrane organelles inowanikwa kune zvose masero nemasero emhuka.

Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira zvivako zvakadai senzvimbo dzemasero, ribosomes, microtubules uye microfilaments. Vose vanozadzisa mabasa avo chaiwo. Saka, nzvimbo yakasvibirira inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwechidimbu chekuparadzanisa. Ribosomes ndivo vanoita basa rekushandura - kuumbwa kweketani yepepepeptide kubva kumunhu mumwechete amino acid. Microtubules uye microfilaments inoumba cytoskeleton inoita kutakura uye magetsi.

Chimwe chekufananidzwa kwemasero emichero nemhuka ndeyekuti zvose zviri ne-membrane organoids. Idzi idzi dzinonzi lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Gorgi complex. Endoplasmic reticulum inokonzera kushandiswa kwemafuta uye makhahydrates. Dambudziko reGolgi rinobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa uye kuchinjwa kwemapuroteni. Lysosomes ine mishonga yakakosha kuti masero emuviri.

Chimiro chemasero emhuka uye yemhuka zvakasiyana, asi aya maviri masero ane rimwe boka rinowanzobatanidzwa ejoelle biocompatible - ichi ndicho mitochondria. Inokonzera kufema, semugumisiro wekuti simba rinobudiswa.

Ndeupi musiyano pakati pehutano hwemashizha nemasero emhuka

Chokutanga pane izvi, zvivako izvi zvinoratidzirwa nekuti miti inenge ine rusvingo rwakanyanyisa pamusoro pemakumbo, mumhuka haisipo. Shandara rusvingo rwemiti inosanganisira cellulose. Mhuka, panzvimbo payo, glycocalyx iri pamusoro pe membrane ye plasma .

Uyewo chimwe chezvinhu zvakasiyana pakati pemiti uye mhuka dzemhuka ndezvokuchengetedza zvinhu. Kusanganisira miti inonyanya kusanganisira starch, uye mumhuka-kubva glycogen.

Misiyano inotevera pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzemasero iri mu organoids. Ngationgororei pfungwa iyi muchidimbu.

Organoids zvinongoratidzwa chete nemiti

Mukuwedzera kune avo organelles vakataurwa pamusoro apa, vamiririri vemaruva vanewo zvakananga, izvo zvikara zvisina.

Chokutanga, ipurastids. Izvo ndeyedzimi zvitatu: leukoplasts, chromoplasts uye chloroplasts. Mukutanga, michero inochengetwa, kunyanya isitashi. Chechipiri ine mishonga yakasiyana, iyo inopa mbeu imwe ruvara. Semuenzaniso, nhamba huru ye chromoplast inowanikwa mumasero emakwenzi. Chloroplasts inokonzera kufanana kwemafuta - nzira yekuwana zvinhu zvakasikwa zvichibva kune zvisingashandisi kushandisa simba rezuva.

Imwe organoid, inozivikanwa chete yemasero emiti, ndiyo inopuhwa. Iine cell cell sap. Vacuol inobatanidzwa mukushanda kwe osmosis.