Guta reMurmansk: huwandu, huwandu uye dzinza

Chimwe chezvikepe zvikuru pamaguta ekuRussia ndeye Murmansk. Vagari varo vanosvika 305 000 vagari. Nhamba yevagari ve Murmansk yakachinja sei nemakore? Ndeapi nyika dzinogara pano? Iwe uchawana mhinduro kune idzi uye nedzimwe mibvunzo yevanhu vari munyaya ino.

Murmansk iguta riri mhiri kweArctic Circle

Icho chinotangisa zvikuru kubva kune zita reguta. Munguva dzekare, vaSlav vari munzvimbo idzi vainzi "Murman" weNorwegians (Normans). Zvingangodaro, gare gare zvakatanga kutumidzwa uye nyika yekwayo - gungwa reGungwa reBarents, pamwe neKola Peninsula. Apo, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, chikepe chakavakwa pano, chakatumidzwa zita racho - Romanov-on-Murman, iyo, mushure mekusvika kweSoviet simba, yakashandurwa kuva Murmansk.

Vagari vomuguta rino vanomanikidzwa kugara mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka. Uye izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti Murmansk iri kunze kweArctic Circle. Usiku hwePolar hunotora inopfuura mwedzi - Kubva panaDecember 2 kusvikaJanuary 11.

Muzvivakwa zvekugara muRurmansk, pane pane zvivako zvakawanda zvinowanikwa. Uye kazhinji masvingo avo anoshongedzwa nemifananidzo yakavara. Nenzira iyi, zviremera zveguta zviri kuedza kurwisana ne "nyeredzi yenzara", nokuti nguva yechando inotora mwedzi 7-8.

Murmansk: vanhu uye simba rayo nemakore

Maererano nehuwandu hwevagari vemo, guta racho rine nzvimbo yechitanhatu muRussia. Vanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi matatu nemakumi matatu (makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu) - iyi ndiyo vanhu veMurmansk vakanyorwa pakutanga kwegore ra 2015.

Mugore rokutanga mushure mekugadzwa kwekugadzirisa (muna 1917) ikoko kwaigara vanhu 1 300 chete. Vagari vomuguta reMurmansk vakatanga kukura nokukurumidza kuma1920 ekupedzisira, mushure mekusikwa kweNorthern Fleet yeU.SR. Pamberi pekutanga kweHondo Yenyika II vanenge vanenge zviuru makumi maviri vanhu vaigara kare muguta.

Vagari vakakura kunyange munguva yehondo, sezvo kwenguva yakareba Murmansk chaive chiri chikwangwani choga umo Soviet Union inogona kuita basa rekune dzimwe nyika. Mumakumi emakumi emakore mushure memakore, hondo yeguta racho yakapetwa kaviri. Mumakore akatevera, Murmansk yakakura zvikuru nekuda kwekuwedzera kwevanhu vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika.

Dambudziko rehuwandu hwevanhu rakatanga muguta racho mumavambo ekutanga makumi mana, apo vanenge zviuru makumi matatu vechiduku vakasiya. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana akadaro akacherechedza ipapo chete muGrozny, iyo yakapona muhondo yekutanga yeChechen. Pakati pa1989 na2002, guta racho rakarasika "kusvika kune vanhu 150 000 vayo.

Kubuda kwevechiduku kubva muguta kwakakonzera imwe dambudziko rakawanda revanhu: nhasi mu Murmansk, kuwedzera kwekuwanda kwevanhu muhuwandu kwakanyorwa gore negore (inenge 0.5% pagore).

Murmansk: huwandu uye dzinza raro

Mhedziso yekuvaka guta rekufambisa panzvimbo ino iyi yakasimuka mumakore makumi manomwe ezana remakore rechina rezana remakore rechina. Izvo zvinangwa zvaive zvakanzwisisika: kuvapo pano kwegungwa guru rakazarura Umambo hweRussia rusununguko rusununguko kuActic Ocean.

Muna 1916, guta reMurmansk rakaiswa pamusoro pegomo rakakwirira. Nenzira, yakava yekupedzisira kugadzirisa, yakatangwa muRussia Empire. Gore rakatevera, sezvinozivikanwa, hurumende yekarist yakaguma ipo.

Ethnically, vagari vomuguta havakwanisi kufanana. Maererano nekuverengwa kwevanhu munguva pfupi muna 2010, Murmansk iri kumba kweRussia (inenge 89%), veUkraine (4.5%), vaBerrusian, vaTatars, veFinnns, uye vamiririri vemamwe marudzi.

Chimiro chechitendero cheguta remuguta chinonakidza. Kune zvikwata gumi zvitatu zvechitendero mu Murmansk, pakati payo iyo Chechi yeRussia Orthodox ndiyo nzvimbo inonyanya kukosha. Guta racho rakavaka makereke gumi eOrthodox, uyewo kune dhipatimendi reMetropolitan Simon.

Vanomiririra mu Murmansk neKaturike, vanoita mabasa avo muchechi yaSt. Michael the Archangel. Makereke echiPurotesitendi akanyoreswa pano (kunyanya, Baptist, Adventist, Pentekosta neZvapupu zvaJehovha). Nzvimbo duku yevaMuslim mu Murmansk inovaka musikiti. Mukuwedzera, sangano rechitendero cheKishna "Krishna Conscious Society Society" rinyoreswa muguta.

Mhedziso

Pakati pemaguta ari panze kweActic Circle, chikuru pane Murmansk. Vagari vanoomanikidzwa kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu epanguva yakareba yakawanda yechando uye gore rega polar wegore rimwe chete. Nhasi vanopfuura zviuru mazana 300 vanogara pano.