Genres rwezuva. Sei rinotsanangura Genre chorugwaro? Mienzaniso chinyorwa Genres muna Russian

Tiri atarisana siyana mumagwaro ose zuva: vamwe "kudana" isu kutenga chinhu (kushambadza logungi), vamwe vanoudza chakasimba nyaya (ingano), wechitatu tinoshandisa kutaura mashoko interlocutor yedu (kukurukura).

Tinoona, kunzwa kana hachina zvimwe mubatanidzwa tsamba, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kufunga kuti maitiro vakapa kuna, chii Genres orugwaro tinoshandisa. Tinoita izvi intuitively - muchidimbu kutaura zvebhizimisi vadiwa, patinobvumira akariposhera panhaurirano noushamwari, vakamirira dzeurongwa mabhuku uye mharidzo zvakajeka mashoko kubva nesayenzi akanaka.

Asi dzimwe nguva kusarudza zvidavado angava yakakanganiswa, kureva, kwete dzinoenderana kutaura mamiriro ezvinhu. Sei Izvi zvingadziviswa? Zvakaratidza kuti pane sayenzi - wokugadzira, riri kudzidza manyorerwo, mhando, Genre uye rugwaro kunobatsira kunzwisisa kupatsanura yavo.

Ngatiedzei kunzwisisa emashoko yaibvira acho, kudzidza kupatsanura siyana uye Genres, uye ona mune ezvinhu vanofanira kuzvishandisa.

kukurukurirana

Style Izvi zvinonyanya akakodzera kutaurirana muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye ane unhu mhenyu kutaurirana pakati vanhu vakasiyana munzanga chinzvimbo uye pamwero dzidzo. It kungaratidzwa senzira nhaurirano uye munhu matsamba (email, Chat, email mashoko).

Styles uye Genres orugwaro kuti anowanika yokukurukura muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, havana kunyatsoteerera miganhu, anoshivirira nokukanganisa, kubvumira kuti pakatanga wokumwe mutauro, akariposhera mashoko, abbreviations, uye kunyange akaora. Mukuwedzera, muhurukuro werudzii, kushandisa kusununguka shoko murayiro.

Example Nhaurirano:

A: Zvakanaka, druzhban, vakagadzirira kuisa kure?
B: Hongu, ini kare padenga anobva ndezvokuti magariro akadaro anoita ...

Nokuti Style ichi kunoratidzwa mupfungwa coloring, iyo runowanikwa kupamhidzira, dzinovaraidza kukurukurwa, kutsamwa kana rinofadza.

Example Nhaurirano:

A: Hurray!
B: Chii chakaitika, mwanasikana wangu?
A: Amai, ini aitungamirira basa kugadzirwa chikoro.
B: Zvakanaka, chii chauinacho ini umnichka!

Mukuwedzera, muna somuri kukurukurirana pane anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira-siyana, akazara anombomira panhaurirano, uye shoko-tupukanana, kubvira nguva nenguva pakutaura yokudzokorora..

Example Nhaurirano:

A: Muchidimbu, ndakasvika nayo ... Takabvuma. Muchidimbu, iwe kunzwisisa!?
B: Well ..?
A: Zvino, muna pfupi, akanga asiri pamba.

inopa All muhurukuro manyorerwo zviri nyore uye zvakajeka. Vanoita zvisiri ounyanzvi kuenzanisa uye kutaura zvakaoma.

Example Nhaurirano:

- Coffee achava?
- Uyai!
- With shuga?
- No.

nesayenzi Style

nemanyorero aya rinoshandiswa kuti mharidzo pachena nesayenzi uchapupu uye rinovhenekera hunhu.

Kusiyana kwezuva nezuva, manyorerwo dzesayenzi akaramba aine pfungwa nemaonero, zviri kutevedzana pachena zvokuratidzira. Iye haadi zvikanganiso uye kwezuva nezuva mashoko.

Ose chokwadi kuti mharidzo kwesayenzi riri pasi nheyo nenharo kuratidza kukosha kwayo.

Scientific Style ane pachena nhoroondo mamiriro:

- sumo, izvo zvinoreva imwe dzidziso;
- unorema vari nharo uye zvokupikisa;
- Pakupedzisira, muchidimbu zvose.

nemanyorero aya anoratidzwa muchimiro zvakanaka chinangwa. kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura nekutaurirana zvingauya muchikurukura. Mabatiro vechikamu vese vari yenhaurirano yaisirwa akapa mumwe uchivaremekedza.

Example Nhaurirano:

A: theorem no iyi haatarisiri uchapupu.
B: Ndine urombo, Dr. Fedorov, kuti havabvumirani nemi.

The yesayenzi Style inozivikanwa nokushandisa dzinokosha mazwi uye mashoko asina kushandiswa mutauro. Uyezve, sezvo akabvuma maererano inowanzoshandiswa mashoko vaida kusimbisa watodaro kutaura saizvozvo, somuenzaniso, nenzira, etc.

muenzaniso:

Deviant unhu vamwe vanhu runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo zvakaipa chivakwa kukoshesa cheni.

Style ichi zvinonyatsoenderana rugwaro Genres sezvo nemishumo, essays, nyaya, handbooks.

Official-Bhizimisi Style

Style ichi dzebhizimisi Nhaurirano. mashoko mharidzo nzira mumagadzirirwo ichi inodzorwa uye kwezvipimo, sezvinoratidzwa nokuvapo dzinokosha siyana uye inoratidza. Ane nemagadzirirwo, conciseness, nekwaakarerekera rondedzero.

Ziva Style ichi kunogona, uye kuvapo anokosha okuti: nekuti, pahwaro, murayiro, vanobvuma, kuti munhu anoti chinhu ndechake, waunoshandira, munhu aitarisira, tora matanho, etc.

muenzaniso:

Maererano hurongwa kutyora chirango arayire kubvisa mugari Ivanova kwavatumwa mabasa yepamutemo kuti mberi zvikonzero zvavo.

Nhaurirano pakati mapato pamutemo-bhizimisi kukurukurirana chiri kuitwa uchivaremekedza, pasinei pamusoro zvinodiwa uye niche kubatikana mumabhizimisi vakuru.

Example Nhaurirano:

A: Marina Petrovna, ndapota, kutiunzira kofi.
B: Just zvishoma, Sergey Viktorovich.

Official kwokukurukurirana rwezuva uye Genres zvinosanganisira zvibvumirano, mabhizimisi vaitaura, mirau, mirayiro, mafomu, mirau, mabhizimisi matsamba, uye, chokwadi, bhizimisi nhaurirano.

journalistic Style

Functionality zvidavado izvi kuti anunure ruzivo kune vakawanda, chiedza resonance zviitiko, dzokupisa, kudana chiito.

Style ichi chinoshandiswa kunyanya nokuda vezvenhau uye ndiyo zvakawanda. Zvingava aripo sezvo zvakajeka, kusachinja-chinja uye zvematongerwo enyika, uye mupfungwa, achiratidza maonero. Kuoma inogona Alternate pamwe zvakaoma. Nonfiction rondedzero izere madimikira, epithets, kuenzanisa, kazhinji vanogona kuwana chikwereti mashoko, yakavakwa kujairika cheni. Zvakakodzerawo ndyaringo uye kutsvinya.

Chero mitemo iri kuvakwa mashoko mharidzo zvivako avhuniwe kuti chinangwa chikuru chimwe - kuti atambudzwe vaverengi kana vateereri.

muenzaniso:

Chii chinoita vechiduku dzinopikisana zviito zvakadaro? Bad vana? Negative nevezera rangu? Ecology? Ndinofunga dambudziko iri muuropi Drain.

Genres journalistic magwaro zvinosanganisira mumapepanhau, magazini, zvirongwa anoparadzirwa, enyika kutaura uye nharo.

uri Style

Munhu wese ane kufarira bhuku. Zviri hunhu vevatambi nokurondedzerwa kunhivi wenyika, nezvechiratidzo zvatinoona, achienzanisa ezvinhu, tsananguro maitiro, pfungwa uye izwi kukurukurirana.

Uyu munhu anodzidza chinyorwa.

muenzaniso:

Akanga chaizvo zvokuti ndakanga ndisingagoni kutaura. Iyewo, akanyarara.

Fiction haana miganhu zvakajeka uye akakwereta unhu nemamwe zvekunyanyisa. The unhu nhaurirano, kukurukurirana angashandiswa, uye dzimwe monologues vanotsanangurwa mumagadzirirwo sayenzi. Asi nzira pfungwa-anotaurisa zvakadai, somunhu epithet, zvinofananidzira uye dimikira - ndiko evasingatombonamati mabhuku acho.

muenzaniso:

Mashizha dzaipenya bargovo-rinopenya mavara pasi mwaranzi rokuisa kumavirazuva.

Vaitaura mumagadzirirwo ichi vakazadzwa anoreva zvakafanana uye antonyms. Kugamuchira nevakawanda ingano iri rave kushandisa mano uye dzakaoma mitsara.

muenzaniso:

A makiromita mashoma ndakanga achimhanya mumugwagwa mukuru, ipapo akava paki uye chipatapata ringa. Empty.

Typology kuti mabhuku Genres muchimiro

Kupatsanura rugwaro Genre chinoitwa munzvimbo nhatu: chimiro, kugutsikana uye zera.

Nokuwadzana chinorehwa rudzi mabhuku mabasa pamwe mungashandisa rongeka ehupfumi.

Pane zvinotevera Genres orugwaro muchimiro:

1. Mutambo - chaicho chisikwa, rakagadzirirwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba ari yemitambo.

2. Story - prose rondedzero mumwe kana kupfuura mabhii akanyudzwa mukati mapeji makumi mashanu.

3. The nganonyorwa - basa yakakura scale, ndichizivisa kuchinja maonero ari gamba, kukunda dambudziko nguva uye manamatiro. Panofanira kuva nomumwe kana kupfuura protagonists (chikuru hunhu, muchirwira imwe chinangwa) uye antagonist (hunhu, kudzivisa kubudirira huru vavariro protagonist). The Vhoriyamu chigadzirwa anogona dzinosiyana 200 mapeji kuti bhuku akawanda.

4. ngano - muchinjikwa pakati nyaya uye yokufungidzira. Zvinonzi inobva raibuda zviitiko uye zviitiko zviri upenyu protagonist.

5. rondedzero - basa iwe kuti harina kurwisana.
Kunewo mamwe marudzi Genres orugwaro ari muchikwata ichi (yakakura nyaya, imwe ode), asi panguva iyi kukura mabhuku, havana kufanana nevakawanda sezvo pamusoro marudzi.

Feature gutsikana Genres

Genres chinyorwa mumutauro Russian uye kunogona Classified ne kugutsikana:

1. Comedy - mumwe chigadzirwa ane simba chinosetsa kana satirical nechimiro chokureva.

Mienzaniso: "Nhamo kuna vaiti", "mukukurira of Shrew," "Inspector," "An Ideal Husband".

2. Dambudziko - nyaya iri mhando chigadzirwa iri nedungwerungwe zviitiko kuti vaizongoguma kutungamirira inosiririsa magumo.

Mienzaniso: "Hamlet," "Romeo uye Juliet", "Mu-mü".

3. Drama - yakavakirwa zvigadzirwa iyi mhando nekuita kwevanhu idambudziko kune vanhu, pamwe zvakatipoteredza uye pamwe pacharo.

Mienzaniso "Green Mile", "Life vanokwereta", "Wuthering".

Genres chinyorwa mumutauro Russian: asi kupatsanura pakati genus

In muchikwata ichi pane marudzi anotevera magwaro:

1. Epic - mabasa akatambanudza munguva, zvine muzvizhinji musoro mukuru uye ebetsero vatambi, zviitiko uye manzwiro. Nyaya iri vakaudza zvikurukuru pamberi asingasaruri mucherechedzi, uye anoratidzwa muchimiro zvaigona zvaitika chiitiko.

2. Lyrics - mabhuku acho, mupfumi kutsinga dzinouya zvakaitika uye kufunga yemunyori.

3. lyric epos - the yaisanganisa mhando, zvakawanda unhu uye Epic uye lyric marudzi.

4. Drama zvakavakwa pamusoro hukama pakati vacho pachavo. It akaratidza ainyanya muchimiro Nhaurirano tsananguro manotsi nemunyori.

Sei rinotsanangura Genre chorugwaro: mazano

Kupa kupatsanura imwe chigadzirwa, zvakakodzera kwete chete kuti akaipetenura pamusoro echiShinto, nhamba mapeji uye kuongorora mupfungwa, asiwo kunzwisisa yemunyori pfungwa, kunzwisisa maitiro evanhu, nokubuda kubva yetsika yakanyorwa.

Manzwiro api iwe wakaona nokuverenga mabhuku zvakasikwa? Unogona kugona kubatsira asi kuseka? Ungangove, verenga chigadzirwa wakange comedic hunhu. Haukwanisi kurega misodzi nokuda kufirwa gamba anodiwa? Wakaverenga njodzi. The ukama pakati vatambi vachiri ikuchengete uri zvigunwe zvenyu? Zvino, iwe uri kuziva Genre - mutambo.

basa rako guru sei? Pamwe ndiwo mapeji mashoma chemashoko, nyaya vamwe chiitiko muupenyu chimiro. Iyi ndiyo nyaya. Kana kuri nokuumba multi-inzwi yakawanda kutaurwa uye oma zano. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro yokufungidzira.

Sokwakarongwa acho: yakaoma uye asingasaruri, kana, nekusiyana, zvakajeka uye mupfungwa? Muchiitiko chokutanga, chigadzirwa anganzi paakaita, rechipiri - sezvo acho.

Patsanura muMagwaro Genres akasiyana hakuna kuoma zvakadaro, zviri zvakakwana kunzwisisa zvaanoreva.