Zvisiri pamutemo webato. Kupatsanura vemapato, pfungwa huru uye vatungamiri

Kusvika panguva Russian Federation, vakazivisa mashoko kuti hapana dzematongerwe haagoni sechinoitika kunyorerana, chero nemaonero ane kodzero iripo. Vanhu kuchengeta zvitendero uye maonero, zvakabatana masangano enyika, kuchinja kuti mukuru kana muduku pamwero simba zvomukati, kana kuti kutsiva navo somugumisiro sarudzo. Zvisinei, pane nharaunda dzakasiyana kuti hazvibvumidzwe nemurairo nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Kubatanidzwa mabasa shamwari izvi hwakazara mhosva mirango, uye kunyange chaiyo mujeri. It hakubvumidzwi uye zvisiri pamutemo nebato, zvakawanda pamusoro ichakurukurwa munyaya.

Ndezvipi mapato?

Kuti funga nyaya akarambidzwa masangano enyika wezwi, vanofanira kuteerera, ndedzipi bato yose. Nezvenyaya iyi, vezvematongerwo enyika nharo, kuedza nokubatanidza sangano zvimwe zvikonzero. Pane zvikuru zvakakodzera yedu nguva kupatsanura yavose, rinokamukana vave shanu huru zvinodiwa:

1. Pachinhu mubato zvose achitonga uye kupikiswa. First mira parutivi nehurumende rutsigiro ano kana vari pachavo vakadaro. The chiito yechipiri pamusoro hurumende, anobudisa pfungwa dzavo kuburikidza kutsutsumwa kana kuburikidza pachavo mabhuku avo. Zviya, mapato akawanda pamutemo ndivo kupikiswa.
2. Maererano nesangano webato vari makuru uye netsvimbo. Wandisa yakazaruka zvikamu zvose vokuparidzira, vanogona kuva mumwe. Kune vakadaro munharaunda kuburikidza yokuzvidira mari zvipo chinoitwa vechikamu. Vashandi vari shoma, yakamanikana pedenderedzwa vanhu, uye vanotanga kushanda nokushingaira pamusoro avaida nesarudzo, inotsigirwa Sponsors vakapfuma.
3. Party riri Pfungwa musimboti rakakamurwa kurudyi, akasiya uye centrist. Setsika, musi vaiona kuti vasara-bapiro vamiriri mugovanisi uye rechiKomonisiti kufamba, zvakarurama - liberals uye vezvourudzi uyewo funga pachavo sezvo vakadaro. Centrists - panozogadzirika boka kumapati aifarira-hurumende, kutsigira nzira hurumende ano.
4. Social, kirasi chokuratidza masangano enyika anoparadzirwa pakati bourgeoisie uye vashandi.
5. In ayo mamiriro, bato zvingava chaiwo mhando, kana akafanana kufamba, kana anomanikidza-proprietary, uye zvinogona kuita kuti ave tsvimbo enyika.

Pane imwe kupatsanura yavose. It akapa political masayendisiti Richard Gunther uye Larri Daymondom. Ichi elitist pati, chevarwere, sarudzo, bato uye dzinza wezwi iri sangano, zvaibva ezvematongerwo enyika.

Masangano Underground muRussia mukuvamba ramakumi remakore

Pakutanga kwezana rechi19 uye rechi20 emakore ari Russian Empire akatanga kuumba mapato. Achitaura pamusoro masangano zvisiri pamutemo, vanofanira kuteerera dzepamusorosoro vamiririri pachivande nguva: ichi ndiwo Social Democrats uye Socialist-kuipandukira, vanonzi Socialist-kuipandukira. Common zvinhu yavose vaviri - rangano at soro vanochiva zvisiri pamutemo, Repachivande, ugandanga uye echimurenga.

The Social Democrats sezvo pfungwa chawo kushandiswa Marxism. Pfungwa dzavo - sapakuparadzwa of capitalist ino uye kugadzwa proletarian udzvinyiriri uye kuziviswa gutsaruzhinji, unova rubatso wokururamisira. About uyo akavamba rebato rezvematongerwo enyika, anozivikanwa achishandisa chero nhoroondo chikoro bhuku. This Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin), Martov, Plekhanov nevamwe. Mune ramangwana, sangano vakakamukana kupinda Bolsheviks, vateveri Lenin, uye Mensheviks, vateveri Martov vake. Sezvo tichiziva kuti Bolshevik bato akauya simba mushure October Revolution uye ndiye baba CPSU.

The Socialist-kuipandukira akaumba bato ravo enyika kwemapazi masangano populist. Izvi zvave refu zvakakwana. Kusvikira nguva kuzadzika February Revolution, Social kuipandukira ikoko zvisiri pamutemo, asika madenderedzwa, kufamba, kusanganisira kuita nemagandanga mabasa. Vakaronga chigaro chamambo uye dzimwe nhengo hurumende panguva iyoyo.

Zvisiri pamutemo rezvematongerwe enyika muna USSR

Maererano pamutemo data, muSoviet Union makanga mumwe enyika chete simba - the Communist Party, asi paivawo kufamba zvisiri pamutemo. Somuenzaniso, imwe pevhu kufamba Maoists mu simba kwemakore 1960-1980. pfungwa dzavo huru yaiva kundorwa Bourgeois degeneration yacho utungamiri bato. Pakafa Iosifa Vissarionovicha Stalina oga akatsiva yeutongi pfungwa akaonekwa Mao Zedong, vakasvika simba Soviet Union Nikitu Sergeevicha Hruscheva akaziva sezvo bato wamambo, asi kwete mutungamiri.

Uyewo mukudhinda panguva yaitonga Soviet Union aifanira kusiya vatendi - chitendero kwainzi "chinodhaka vanhu" munyika Soviet, iye akanga asina nzvimbo. All Masangano ari ezvitendero hwokunyengetedza kutambudzirwa kuparadzana, vakaparadza dzimba dzavo dzokunamatira.

Uyezve, muna Soviet Union avapo pevhu kufamba, anomirira pwere boka apo vanhu vakurukure mukomiyunisiti mazano uye kuita kuti upenyu hwavo chaihwo.

Chokwadi, mabasa akadaro munharaunda muSoviet Union akanga zvisiri pamutemo.

Hazvitenderwi pati dzechitendero nemunhu

Maererano inokosha zvemitemo gwaro nyika - reMitemo, hapana chitendero chinogona kuzivikanwa neHurumende. Akadanidzira rusununguko nehana, wose ane kodzero yekusarudza chitendero chavo. Kuparadzana kwechitendero uye hurumende yokunyika. Somugumisiro, chitendero mapato munorambidzwa, sezvo chinangwa chikuru avo - the nokuiswa chitendero sechinhu chokutanga munyika umo chitendero ari kwakamboitwa mabhora ose oupenyu yenyika, kusanganisira Paramende. Izvi zvinopesana Constitution. Zvisinei, kusvikira 2003, masangano enyika izvi zvakavapo uye vaiita kudzivirira zvido vakatendeka. Somuenzaniso, bato "Nokuti Mutsvene Russia" akatora mugove musarudzo dzeparamende. Muve nerombo rakanaka kutanga ichi pamusoro chikamu Orthodox Party haana asvika, zvaiita asingasviki chimwe muzana.

To musi, bato, kubatanidza pane zvavanotenda hakubvumidzwi nemutemo. Mabasa zvimwe pedyo ezvitendero; chinangwa chavo - yechitendero anoparadzirwa, kazhinji kuita nechitsotsi nemamwe mabasa asiri pamutemo.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zviremera uye nechechi zvakaparadzana, maererano remitemo, vamiririri miviri hurumende kazhinji kusangana vechitendero vezvitendero ivavo vari pamutemo ne Russian Federation. Nokuda kudyidzana ichi, vakatendeka vanogona kuunza vaitaura zvavo uye zvinodiwa kuzviremera.

Mapato ezvematongerwo enyika muRussia nhasi

Pari, nyika ine vazhinji ezvematongerwo enyika uye fambisa chero dzidziso. Icho bato achitonga anomirirwa muna State Duma, uyewo masangano avo, zvave ikoko chimwe chikonzero kana mumwe havana. Pakati izvi pane enyika munharaunda uye kushorwa kufamba uye aifarira-hurumende. Kana isu funga zvisiri pamutemo nebato, vari kunyanya kuwanikwa pakati nemasangano oppositional. Izvi imhaka yokuti, maererano nomutemo Russian, sangano anotsigira nechisimba pakuputsa aivapo kurongeka, uye kuvengana pamusoro kwemadzinza, magariro uye dzimwe nzvimbo, hakubvumidzwi.

Official kushorwa muRussia

Ratidziro kufamba mu Russia inomiririrwa nhamba masangano. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro pamutemo nokushorwa, tinogona kunzi mapato, vakapfuura Paramende. Somuenzaniso, ari KPRF, LDPR uye "Fair Russia". Ravo ratidziro basa kunoratidzirwa kwete chete kuburikidza zvakananga kuita - Kuratidzira, pickets, anofamba uye vamwe, asi zvakananga nezviremera, apo vane vamiririri vavo. Vanogona pasi vaitaura zvavo pamusoro wenyaya.

Uyewo, pane mapato ezvematongerwo enyika kuti vakapfuura kunyoresa nzira, basa ravo riri pamutemo, asi munhu chikonzero kana mumwe havasi kuwira kukereke kwemitemo. mapato aya kana haana kuunganidza nhamba inodiwa mavhoti ari musarudzo, kana vaisabvumirwa kuva sarudzo basa.

Common zviri vamiririri kupikiswa non-systemic

Non-systemic oppositional mapato asiri anomirirwa nechepakati uye nemakanzuru masimba, basa ravo riri rutsigiro tichibatsirwa misangano, Misangano mikuru, pickets uye dzimwe nzira mumugwagwa gutsaruzhinji ainzi. Vamwe vavo kubereka mabhuku avo pachavo akadhindwa rutsigiro, nokusika Web paIndaneti. mapato akadaro asina kunyoreswa neShumiro Justice, saka, nezvemabasa avo vanogona kunzi zviri pamutemo. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti hazvibvumidzwe. The hwaro kurambidza anova mabasa mubato, vaite mabasa chisimba, anoparadzirwa fascism, kusashivirira kufara pamusoro chero pasi, kunoda chimurenga.

Kurambidzwa pati muRussia

Communities kubva zvisiri pamutemo kurambidzwa ezvematongerwo enyika akasiyana kuti nhengo iri masangano akadaro apara mhosva, uye mhosva kuita. Kukwezva, sezvinoita mutemo, nokuti mashoko kufambiswa, kunoita Fascism chisimba kuchinja simba, uye zvichingodaro. E. Party Aivhara guru-siyana pepfungwa zvakasiyana, kubva Kommunisticheskaya kupedza norupo uye nationalist munharaunda.

A mumiririri akakurumbira enyika sangano rakarambidzwa ndiye National Bolshevik Party, Eduard Limonov rakavakwa November 1994, kubvira panguva yokuenda achizviendesa nyaya pepanhau "chihenge" wokutanga. Bato iyi refu kuramba pamutemo kunyoresa, chiri nei asingagoni kutora chikamu mune zvematongerwe yepamutemo kutamburira achishandisa sarudzo. Muna 2007, kuti NBP yave pamutemo kurambidzwa, pechingoro vakashumira vamwe okutsutsumwa nemapoka. Zvisinei, nhengo dzayo vakasiya enyika basa - "The Other Russia" rakaumbwa muna 2010. The kunyoresa akanga varambawo, saka ikozvino munharaunda iyi mukwanisi-siyana zvisiri pamutemo mapato.

Masangano uye kufamba kuti pave kwechiFascist

A nzvimbo inokosha pakati wairambidza mapato kugara masangano yechiFascist. Yokutanga Russian yechiFascist Party akasikwa munguva Soviet, muna 1931. It anonzi imwe mubvakure mapato vakawanda vakaronga aiva dzematongerwe zvakajeka uye mamiriro. Zvisinei, zviri zvinhu nzvimbo kwezvikonzero pachena, haana Soviet Union uye muManchuria. The havaoni - emigres Russian uyo waitsigira Anti-Semitism uye Anti-communism. Kurwisa Nazi Germany musi Soviet Union akaonekwa semukana kubvisa "Joko vechiJudha" uye communism. The bato rakarambidzwa nezviremera vokuJapan 1943. Mushure mauto eSoviet akapinda muManchuria, muvambi webato - Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky - nokuzvidira yabvuma kuti zviremera Soviet, achibva akasungwa ndokuurayiwa papera gore.

Kusvika panguva Russian yechiFascist bato hakuwaniki, asi pane dzimwe masangano anosimudzira Nazism, uye vari anorambidzwa Bazi Justice.

Nationalist kufamba mu Russia ano

Movement, inova Pfungwa pachikuva vorudzi, akapa refu mazita masangano. Nationalist kumapati uye kufamba conventionally rakakamurwa mwero uye kukuru, uyewo zvisiri pamutemo. Total zvezvimedu anopfuura 50. Pakati moderates anogona kusimbisa National Democratic Party, sangano "Kupikiswa" uye vamwe. Vazhinji vacho vari munharaunda vanoda utano hwakanaka, nokuti kumutsidzirwa tsika uye tsika dzokutevedzera. Zvakawanda basa iri rakanyatsojeka dzinovaka, asi vachiri nhengo mapato aya ari mumunda Vezvemitemo kudzora zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo.

Zvisiri pamutemo Russian nationalist mapato vane mumiririri nokururamisira inopenya - Russian National Unity (RNE). Masangano ichi Ultra-zvakarurama, maererano vamwe vaongorori vezvematongerwo enyika - hwechiFascist, rakaumbwa muna 1990. Alexander akatungamirira kufamba Barkashov. Kuti basa kushorwa sangano simba yakanga zvairambidzwa, asi waiva chikonzero kushandura pamanyorerwo rakaramba. Kubvira muna 1997, RNU kutanga chinzvimbo choga sesangano zvemagariro nyika, akabata dzakavamba Congress.

RNU sangano chiripo kusvikira nhasi, hazvina pamutemo. Pakati huru mabasa inofamba - achituma zvikwata muzvipiri pamusoro munharaunda zasi-kumabvazuva Ukraine.