Zvavakawana uye zvigadzirwa New nguva

Vamwe rinonyatsooneka zvakawanwa kuitika munguva inonzi ano uye panguva nguva. Kana Countdown anotanga izvi nguva? Chii Zvavakawana rakaitwa iyoyo?

Pakutanga New Age

New nguva akataura nezvenguva apo vanhu akawedzera iri mudariro idzva racho kukura nekugona. Asi kana zvakaitika izvi?

Kazhinji kunzi itsva nguva nguva pakati Middle Ages uye Modern History. Vamwe vanoti isu tatanga tichiverenga kubva XVII remakore, apo Chirungu chimurenga rakatanga muna ra1640. Asi budiriro iri mberi uye kuchinja munharaunda, kutanga kare XV remakore, uye vaongorori vakawanda vanodavira ichi ndiko kutanga kwenguva itsva kana kuti mangwanani New nguva.

Kunyange panoperera kuMiddle Ages dzinoitwa zvakawanwa zvinokosha uye zvigadzirwa. Muna 1440, Johann Gutenberg akazogadzira wokudhinda, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuva bhuku hakusi chete ezvitendero, asiwo masayendisiti uye kunakidza nyaya. Muna 1492, Hristofor Kolumb yakawanikwa America, reEuropean Colonisation inotanga.

Society ari kuchinja mafungiro uye rinoreva musimboti yevanhu munhu. In England chinofamba kubva pokutonga Catholic Church, Reform Movement anobva uye Protestantism. Kachitanga sayenzi, akasika yokutanga vezvesayenzi: The Royal Society, yeFrance youmambo mauto Sciences. paraiitwa itsva yakagadzirwa XVI: zvokuimba karukureta, mumwe Vacuum pombi, mumwe chaicho, mumwe zvakavamba kuchinja wachi. Galileo Galilei akazogadzira teresikopu, Descartes anosika rinoronga hurongwa. Kwaiva maikorosikopu, teresikopu uye girazi zvaiitwa.

New Times michina kubva XVIII remakore

Kubvira pakupera XVII remakore, hwava bourgeoisie. The kwemaindasitiri anopa riwedzere kuti kukura capitalism uye mumaindasitiri vanhu.

Technical zvakawanwa uye zvigadzirwa dzazvino dzimwe nguva kuita zvachose netsaona. Saka, Dzhona Uatta akashanyira Pfungwa hwemvura injini apo akatarira achisvetukasvetuka muvharo kufashaira muhadyana. Thomas Nyukman akavaka yokutanga pisitoni hwemvura injini muna 1712 gore.

G. Amontons anouya kukwira gasi lämpömittari muna 1703, ichiteverwa ane doro lämpömittari kubva Rene Reomyura (1710). Dzhon Hendli uye Thomas Godfrey akazogadzira sextant (1730).

The kudiwa kugadzirwa zvinyama, rinokurudzira wekuvamba kuti Kukosa uye yokusona. First wokusonesa patented muna 1790 Thomas St. Munyori ari kugadzira muchina raiva Dzheyms Hargrivs (1764). Muna 1893 Vaytkomb Judson akazogadzira zipi "zipi."

Mano mazhinji dzazvino vakaitwa XIX remakore. Muna 1818, vakawana mitemo photochemistry, uye muna 1839 N. Niepce, yakaitwa L.Dagger photos. Muna 1769 iri wokuFrance Cugnot anovaka ngoro pamusoro hwemvura injini, uye muna 1886 uye G.Daymler K.Bents wekuvamba vashandi yokutanga injini pamusoro peturu.

AS Popov akazogadzira redhiyo muna 1895, Nikola Tesla muna 1893-1895 anosika redhiyo, ipapo redhiyo.

Great kuvamba New Time - chiedza girobhu racho Tomasa Edisona uye Kuwanikwa magetsi, kuvamba ichi chinhu X-ray kubudikidza rontgen uye Ivan Pulyuem panguva imwe chete. Thomas Watson muna 1876 raiva munyori foni kusvikira waivapo mutauri "kutaura teregirafu" yakagadzirwa Aleksandrom Bellom.

Other zvigadzirwa dzazvino: yacho parachuti, chikepe, piyano, Tuning forogo, chibharumu. In XVIII-XIX emakore uyewo akazogadzira kaleidoscope, stereoscope, riemukaari nomoto, locomotive, kupenya uye machisi (kupenya uye ipapa).

Zvigadzirwa Newest nguva

Contemporary anotanga Countdown vayo XX remakore, kureva muna 1918. Nepo muzvigadzirwa mberi yekudyidzana akapindira mberi. motokari yokutanga yakanga yakagadzirwa ne muinjini zvinoita nyore kufamba madaro marefu. zvigadziriswe Vakawanda nani, uye vanhu kutsiva akapisa magetsi.

Ndiyo nguva kugadzira sayenzi zvakasikwa. Zvikuru kukosha vari kemisitiri uye wefizikisi. In XX remakore K Lanshteyner kuvhura boka ropa, Freud vaishanda dzidziso psychoanalysis, P. Ehrlich anopa mikana mishonga. Alexander Fleming anowana kuti penicillin muna 1929 - nyika yokutanga mushonga.

Hondo uye kurwisana pakati inoti zvinokurudzira kushingaira kudzidza wefizikisi uye renyukireya. Muna 1905, A. Einstein anovhura dzidziso relativity, Bohr akashanda pamusoro quantum dzidziso atomu. Zarura mabhomba musimboti (Rutherford, 1911), chakagadzirwa radioactivity (F. uye I. Joliot-Curie, 1934), rokutanga fissile uranium exchange neerekitironi (Hahn, F. Shtassman, 1938).

Tikadzidza nzvimbo uye akaita zvinhu zvitsva nezvenyeredzi. Open yepasi pose mwaranzi (V. Hess, 1911-1913), mutemo Hubble nezvekukosha kuwedzera wezvose (E. Hubble, 1929). Zvinova anoziva yepasi pose mwaranzi (Karl Jansky, 1931).

Bright zvigadzirwa uye zvakawanwa of XX remakore

Zvavakawana uye zvigadzirwa Newest nguva yekudyidzana kudarika yapfuura nguva. MuHondo Yemashoko, America uye Soviet Union kukwikwidza pakasikwa zvombo zvenyukireya, uyewo zviri muchadenga kudziongorora. Kune pave zvitundumuseremusere, nzvimbo dzemapurisa uye ngarava vokutanga. The Soviet Union paanounza yokutanga chakagadzirwa Satellite Nyika, zvichiita rokutanga matanho kuti rwendo kumwedzi - pamusoro pemvura Satellite raparurwa nzvimbo pazviteshi, ramakororo.

Muna 1961, Yuri Gagarin akava munhu wokutanga kuzoshanyira nzvimbo. Muna 1969 neAmerican Neil Armstrong anoita kumhara pamusoro mwedzi.

Ona Armstrong achifamba pamusoro mwedzi vaisapemberera kubudirira kana, muzana remakore iroro havana wekuvamba terevhizheni. Mupiro kukura chishamiso ichi ruzivo akaita Vladimir Zworykin, Philo Farnsworth nevamwe.

Muna 1946 iye akasika wokutanga ENIAC kombiyuta yacho, iyo aizotangira pakati nokugadzirwa zvakawanda sezvinoita karukureta muUnited States. The muvambi wokutanga kumumvuri kombiyuta Charlz Bebbidzh vaiona.

Zvinokosha zvigadzirwa Newest nguva - asiwo chamunyurududu Zh I. Kusto (1943), kuti herikoputa A. M. Cheremuhina (1930), jeti injini V. P. Glushko (1930), Teodora Meymana Laser (1960) uye mabhomba bhomba (1945). , zita musiki izvo vakaramba nedzidziso chivimbo.

mhedziso

Panguva ano uye panguva nhoroondo izvozvo zvaitwa zvizhinji kwazvo vanhu uye akakodzera matongo uye zvigadzirwa. Vakawanda vavo isu kushandisa nhasi.