Zvarongwa mumabhuku - chii ichi? Development uye nyaya zvinhu zviri mabhuku

Modern mabhuku pfungwa inopa tsanangudzo dzakawanda rokuti "rangano". Maererano Ozhegova zvarongwa mumabhuku - ndiyo zviitiko uye kukurukurirana. Ushakov Dictionary vaizoaendesa chine nezviito, kusachinja-chinja uye chido nokuda nekutumirwa kwemauto zviri kuitika basa.

The ukama rangano

Mazuva Russian kutsoropodzwa rangano ine zvakasiyana zvachose tsananguro. Zvarongwa mumabhuku kunzwisisa sei mararamiro zviitiko, kuzorwa iyo kupikiswa kunoratidzwa. Zvarongwa chete - chikuru chepfungwa kunetsana.

Zvisinei, kare, paiva uye vanoramba kuva dzimwe pfungwa maonero panyaya iyi. Vatsoropodzi Russian pakati pezana XIX remakore, vachitsigirwa Veselovsky uye Gorky vakatenda Zano compositional divi, kuti ndizvo chaizvo kuti munyori inozivisa zviri basa rake. Nyaya iri mabhuku - iri, mu pfungwa dzavo, zvikuru kukura nezvezvakaitwa uye vatambi ukama.

Kududzirwa ndicho chakatarisana kuti duramazwi Ushakov, ane nyaya - ndiko kugutsikana zviitiko zvavo Serial kukurukurirana.

Pakupedzisira, pane wechitatu pfungwa maonero. Avo kuidya vanotenda kuti pfungwa "rangano," asina akazvimirira kukosha, uye vari kuongorora yakakwana kushandisa mashoko okuti "pasi", "akafanana" uye "zano zano."

Types uye embodiments chigadzirwa nematunhu

Modern vaongorori kusiyanisa mhando mbiri chikuru nezverangano: rondedzero uye concentric. Kubva imwe avo akasiyana hunhu ukama pakati zviitiko. Huru chinhu, saka kutaura - nguva. Chronicle mhando anotamba ayo dzinongoitika kosi. Concentric - zvinangwa hachisisiri pamusoro mumuviri uye mupfungwa.

Concentric zano mumabhuku - mumwe mutikitivha, thriller, magariro uye mupfungwa enganonyorwa, mitambo. Chronicle zvikuru chakajairika netsamba, ivo sagas kuti ushingi mabasa.

Concentric zano uye mamiriro ayo

Kana ichi mhando Chokwadi zviitiko pane hwakajeka causal linked Zvikamu. Development pebindu mumabhuku ino mhando ndiyo inopindirana uye musoro. Zviri nyore kuti kunonga kunze eyeballs uye voga. The yapfuura Matanho ndiwo zvinokonzera zvinotevera, zvose zviitiko sokunge vakatama pamwe chete chete chikwata. Munyori rinoongorora kusawirirana.

Zvakare, chigadzirwa kunogona Linear uye vakawanda mutsetse - ukama causal hwaponeswa uyewo, kupfuura izvozvo, chero chitsva nyaya mitsetse ndiwo mugumisiro zviitiko vane kwakatoitika. All of mutikitivha nyaya kana thriller yakavakwa pamusoro yakajeka kunetsana.

newsreel nyaya

Zvinokwanisika kurwisana concentric, asi chaizvoizvo Havashori, asi ane zvakasiyana zvachose musimboti kuvakwa. mhando iyi nyaya mumabhuku kunogona interpenetrate mumwe, asi kakawanda kuti kutituma ndiyo kana mumwe kana mumwe.

Change zviitiko basa, yakavakwa panheyo topicality, kwakabatana nguva. Panogona kuva raidudzwa chisungo, hapana kuzviomesera musoro causal kubatana (kana, kanenge, kubatana uku hakusi pachena).

Tiri mubasa iri vanogona kuenda zvakasiyana-siyana zvatinoona, nhamba uyo chete kuti kuitika munhevedzano yokuverengwa kwenguva. Topicality pamusoro nyaya iri mabhuku - ndiye mnogokonfliktnoe uye multi-chinoumba jira apo kuzvipokanidza simuka uye kudzima, yatsiviwa mumwe vamwe anouya.

Zano, panhongonya, denouement

Nemabasa, zvarongwa iyo inobva kurwa, zviri akangosikwa zano fomura. Zvinokwanisika nevamwe rokuti nhengo. nyaya zvinhu zviri mabhuku anosanganisira kwamagwaro, rangano, kurwisana, kuwedzera kushanda iri dambudziko, mugumo, ari pasi chiito uye denouement.

Zvechokwadi, vose zvinhu izvi varipo kwete ose chigadzirwa. Kakawanda unogona kusangana vashoma vavo, akadai pebindu, kurwisana, budiriro mabasa, dambudziko, ndopakaperawo uye denouement. Ukuwo, ine ukoshi kuti tsoziva kuongorora chigadzirwa.

Kuonana iyi - kupfuura kunofambira mberi mugove. Basa raro - kuzozivisa vamwe vevatambi uye mamiriro ezvinhu nezvaaiita.

Zano rinotsanangura imwe kana kupfuura zviitiko kupa zvakasimbisa huru chiito. Development pebindu mumabhuku ndeyokushandisa kurwisana, kuwedzera kushanda kwemashoko dambudziko kune kutsviriridza. Iye - yepamusoro basa, izvo wakakurira basa rinokosha mukuchizivisa vevatambi evanhu uye nekutumirwa kwemauto makakatanwa. Decoupling anowedzera kuti kupedza unobatwa kune haazvibatanidzi nyaya uye kuti mabhii ari vatambi.

In mabhuku pane chivakwa rangano dhayagiramu mupfungwa anoruramiswa kubva pfungwa nezvainoita muverengi. Mumwe chinhu arondedzera basa rayo uye kukosha.

Kana nyaya hakukodzeri kupinda zano, zvinoita simbe, isinganzwisisiki, musoro. Basa kuti zvinofadza vaverengi ainzwira urombo magamba uye vakafara zvokufara zviya pavakaverenga kupinda kuitika navo, zvose zviri zvinofanira kuva nenzvimbo yaro uye vave maererano nemitemo iyi mupfungwa.

Mifananidzo mabhuku Old Russian

Russian mabhuku Ancient, maererano D. S. Lihacheva, munhu "mabhuku mumwe dingindira uye mumwe musoro." Nhoroondo World uye zvinoreva upenyu hwevanhu - ndivo zvinokosha, pane nevavariro uye dzinotaura wevanyori nguva idzodzo.

Mifananidzo mabhuku Old Russian akaratidza kwatiri muupenyu, zvinyorwa, achifamba (kufamba Rondedzero), yaMakoronike. Mazita vanyori vakawanda vavo harizivikanwi. Nokufamba kwenguva penguva kuna Old Russian boka rinosanganisira mabasa zvakanyorwa XI-XVII emakore.

Kusiyana mabhuku wepanguva

Kuedza patsanura uye kutsanangura nyaya kushandiswa vakaitwa kanopfuura kamwe. Mubhuku rake rinonzi, "Four-kutenderera" Jorge Luis Borges akataura kuti mabhuku nyika pane ina chete mhando kwavari:

• nezvokuwana;
• mwari kuzviuraya;
• Dzoka chikwereti;
• pamusoro kurwisa uye masvingo eguta.

Kristofer Bukker rinozivisa nomwe "kubvira mamvemve kuti pfuma" (kana vakutarisire), chiitiko, "neshure" (pano anouya pfungwa iri "The Hobbit" Tolkien), mutambo, nhamo, kumuka uye kukunda pamusoro chikara. Georges Polti akauya yose ruzivo mabhuku nyika 36 rangano pfungwa, uye Kipling akazivisa 69 dzomutauro.

Kunyange yakasiyana Profile nyanzvi havana kusiya hanya nyaya iyi. Maererano Carl Gustav Jung, yakakurumbira chiremba wepfungwa Swiss uye muvambi Analytical zvepfungwa, chikuru yemisoro mabhuku archetypal, uye matanhatu chete - ndiye mumvuri, anima, animus, mai vake, mutana uye mwana.

Pointer zvavo dzechembere

Most zvose, zvimwe, "dzinounzwa" Vanyori pangave maitiro Aarne-Thompson-Uther - richibvuma kuvapo vamwe 2,500 dzakasiyana.

Zvisinei, ichi, ari kutaura ngano. Ino - the directory Pointer upenyu hwaAbhigairi nyaya, nesayenzi panguva basa iri akakura.

Nokuti nzira zviitiko pane tsananguro imwe chete. Zvarongwa mumabhuku zano akadaro sezvinotevera: "zvaitambudzwa mwanasikana wokurera anoendeswa sango uye vakakanda ikoko. Baba Yaga, kana Frost, kana goblin, kana 12 mwedzi, kana chando bvunzo uye mubayiro. Mwanasikana naamainini, uyewo anoda chipo, asi asingaiti rasai bvunzo uye kufa. "

Kutaura zvazviri, iye Aarne akaisa asina kupfuura chiuru nezvezviitiko ari rungano, asi akabvuma kuti zvinoita chidzoke idzva uye kuvasiya yavo kupatsanura yepakutanga. Wakatanga akapinda mune zvedzidzo munzanga uye kuzivikanwa vakawanda Pointer. Naizvozvo, masayendisiti kubva kunyika dzakawanda maiita kuwedzererwa dzavo.

Muna 2004, paiva Editorial Handbook iyo mhando tarenda Rondedzero vakanga yoku- uye akaita zvakarurama. Izvi Pointer shanduro raiva mhando itsva 250.