Yavaibvisa hydride. The zvivako uye rondedzero chikumbiro.

Usati wofunga ehupfumi kuti yavaibvisa hydride chii, zvinokosha kuziva kuti chii, apo rinoshandiswa uye sei zvinokosha. Mibvunzo iyi ichapindurwa kwete vose, zvisinei, kusaziva mashoko akadaro haagoni kutaura pamusoro kusabatsira nefuma. Kungofanana nezvimwe yavaibvisa yeimwe, chichiri kushandiswa indasitiri.

Edza kunzwisisa nyaya, uye ngatimhanyei tanga tsanangudzo uye rondedzero mukomboni. Saka, yavaibvisa hydride - kunzwisisa inorganic fuma ane yemaitiro Nah, grayish-chena kana chichena hygroscopic upfu. Vakazvigadzirirwa maitiro ayo anokurudzira uye mune inert mvura rehydrogen gasi uye esimbi yavaibvisa. Shandisa fuma iyi karboksidirovaniya, alkylation uye acylation kusimba C-H-acid. The kukurukurirana pamusoro remubatanidzwa ichi nemvura anopa hydroxide mhinduro (sodium hydroxide, yavaibvisa hydroxide).

Saka, zvino zvakananga pamusoro ehupfumi kuti yavaibvisa hydride. Chokutanga, hazvina kwazvakarerekera noruremekedzo kuti nesimbi, izvo pasi pomureza ezvinhu vari kubatwa ngura. Kana kushandisa fuma iyi, pasinei ose anokwenya, roughness uye kuremara kuruvazhe pemvura simbi, yava kuparadzirwa noruvara uye anodzivirira pemvura. yavaibvisa hydride, iro rinoshandiswa mafuta chicherwa kana zvimwe Mahydrocarbon dziri suspensions. Nokuti kunzwisisa ichi anofanira neshungu kuti madhigirii 100. Yavaibvisa hydride inonyunguduka pa 800 Celsius, asi ichi kunoitika chete zvaoma.

zvinhu izvi, uyewo karusiyamu hydride, titanium uye zirconium, yakanaka chaizvo rabha vulcanizates. In kwavari chinotarisirwa pakarepo pamberi vulcanization kwacho muchimiro nookuparadzirwa mu petrolatum, Paraffin kana mafuta chicherwa. Yavaibvisa hydride mune dzimwe mumuviri ehupfumi akafanana yavaibvisa chloride, asi ayo kugadzirwa iri zvishoma kunorema uye anodhura. Naizvozvo, kukura kwebasa yavaibvisa hydride rakasiyana ehupfumi nokuda iyo ine chete yavaibvisa akakura. Asi makemikari pezvakaitwa kuti kutora nzvimbo pamwe kutora chikamu yavaibvisa chloride uye yavaibvisa hydride, anosiyana yekudyidzana.

Yavaibvisa hydride ari kushingaira kushandiswa kuwanazve titanium. Uye avo zviitiko apo kupora chinodiwa yakakura zvakakwana yakawanda, kureva, tiri kutaura pamusoro muindasitiri akamboona. Zviri pfuma ichi hydride yakazviwanira zvakawanda kushandiswa rinorema bhizimisi uye Automotive indasitiri. Yavaibvisa hydride inoshandiswa simbi uye - vaya vanenge kana zvakakodzera kuti govera yeimwe siyana pamusoro boka zvisingawanzoitiki nesimbi, dzimwe catalysts risingagoni kusiyaniswa. Akanga vachishingaira kushandiswa nevamwe sectors hwenyika. Sezvinogona kuoneka dzose pamusoro apa, yavaibvisa hydride iri zvakakwana kukosha makemikari remubatanidzwa iro zvinowanzoshandiswa maindasitiri kugadzirwa.

Zvino mashoko mashomanana pamusoro pakugadzirira yavaibvisa hydride mu muindasitiri akamboona. In kugadzirwa yavaibvisa hydride shoma remubatanidzwa ichi dzakasara tangi, uye akapa kuna pechiso yakanyungudutswa yavaibvisa. Tank - chinjikira batch mangé reactor - ari mudziyo mukati riri rimwe sikuruwa pamwe mashizha maviri. With zvakagadzirwa ichi, zvinhu zviri rinoparadzirwa mukati reactor. Zvinokosha kuti kuongorora nerubatsiro yavaibvisa uye rehydrogen, sezvo vaine sizvo kukura vanoshingaira hydride ungatsauka mune mvura chokutambudzika. Fani iyi inogona kutora nzvimbo uye panguva isiri tembiricha ezvinhu (tembiricha kuwedzera pamusoro zvinobvumidzwa ukoshi).