West-Siberian Oil nechigadziko nzvimbo, unhu, maonero, matambudziko, vatengi

Mafuta gasi indasitiri ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose nemauto hwenyika munyika. In nekusimba matura Russia ndiyo yechipiri chete kuna Saudi Arabia. Huru deposits dziri muna Urals uye Volga nharaunda, ari Far East, kuCaucasus, muna Timan-Pechora bheseni. Zvisinei, chikuru zvekuvaka nzvimbo iri kuonekwa West Siberian mafuta dhepoti. Ngationgororei izvozvo zvizere.

West-Siberian Oil nechigadziko nzvimbo

Izvi zvekuvaka nzvimbo rinosanganisira nharaunda Tomsk, kuKurgan, Omsk, Tyumen uye zvishomanana Novosibirsk, kuChelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk kumatunhu uye Altai uye Krasnoyarsk Territories. Nzvimbo bheseni anenge mamiriyoni 3.5 tsoka dzakaenzana. ? km. Pari vanenge 70% of zvachose recoverable zvinhu munyika anopa West Siberian mafuta dhepoti. The nenzvimbo chinzvimbo munharaunda iyi ine zvakawanda chaizvo zvechiratidzo. Kunyanya, nharaunda pamuganhu pamwe upfumi kukura European nharaunda yacho. Pakutanga pamwe Ural nharaunda. napedyo Izvi zvakapa panguva hwaro upfumi kukura bheseni.

Zvinoitwa West Siberian mafuta garo

The deposits varipo mudziva vari sediments ose Cretaceous uye Jurassic nguva. pfuma Most riri pane imwe kudzika 2-3 zviuru. M. Oil zvikaramba kubva subsoil, dzinoratidzwa pasi wakisi kugutsikana (0.5%) nesarufa (1.1%). The mbishi zvinhu pane mukuru chikamu peturu zvikamu zviduku (40-60%), kugadzikana zvinhu. of makirisito nharaunda mutsa Tyumen nharaunda. Inopa zvinopfuura 70% of Vhoriyamu mbishi zvinhu izvo zvinopa West Siberian peturu chawo. Extraction unotakurwa tsime kana kupomba nzira. Bhuku recoverable reserves nzira wechipiri, inobva ndima yose kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura kutanga.

madziva

Ndezvipi munzvimbo inozivikanwa West Siberian mafuta dhepoti? The deposits dziri munzvimbo iyi, kuonekwa imwe vakapfuma munyika. Pakati pavo:

• Samotlor.
• Ust-Balik.
• Megion.
• Strezhevoy.
• Shaim.

Vazhinji vavo dziri muna Tyumen mudunhu. Pano inobereka vanopfuura mamiriyoni 219 matani mafuta.

dzora zvivako

Zvinoitwa West Siberian mafuta chawo kuchibva kuongorora kwakaitwa emakambani muzvirongwa dzokubudisa uye kubudiswa zvinhu. The makambani chikuru kushanda dziri riri Tyumen mudunhu. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

1. "Yuganskneftegaz".
2. "Kogalymneftegas".
3. "Surgutneftegaz".
4. "Noyabrskneftegas".
5. "Nizhnevartovskneftegas".

Inofanira akati, Zvisinei, kuti, maererano nyanzvi, bhuku mbishi zvinhu zvikaramba muna Nizhnevartovsk, yekudyidzana ipfupi.

Kugadzirwa upfumi

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, West Siberian mafuta chakazara ndiyo yakabatana kupfuura Urals District. Mukutanga kukura hwenyika ndiko kupa inflow zvesimba uye midziyo pamusoro munharaunda iyoyo undeveloped. Chimwe anotokonya chinhu, ane simba akanga wakafananidzwa ne West-Siberian Oil chawo - vatengi vokumabvazuva kumatunhu. Yokutanga maindasitiri kwazvo gasi zvakabudiswa mundima muna 1953. Mafuta rakaonekwa muna 1960. Mumakore mashoma emakore, bhuku recoverable reserves kunyanya kuwedzera. Saka, muna 1965, oiri kusvika matani mamiriyoni wokutanga. Pari vakawanda kukura iri kuchamhembe chikamu bheseni. Nhasi, zvinenge mazana matatu kusango.

zvokufambisa Features

The mugove chikuru paumbwe chekubuda zvinhu munyika nhasi, pamwe Volga nharaunda, imwe West Siberian mafuta dhepoti. Nzira kutakurwa pakugadzira zvinhu, kunyanya, njanji. Zvikaramba uye zvishandiswezve zvokushandisa zviri zvifambiswe kuna Yuzhnyy Ural, kuFar East uye Central Asia kumatunhu. Zvifambiso mvura isingadhuri uye mari yakawanda. Asi zvinonyanya kuoma kunyanya dziva nzvimbo.

mapaipi

Ndiwo inonyatsobudirira uye nzira yakakurumbira yechipiri, iyo inoshandisa Western Siberian mafuta dhepoti. Ko yaitakurwa munhu dzakabudirira rwomumbure ichipa nerubatsiro vanopfuura 95% yose inowanwa mari. Avhareji rwendo kuchinjwa -. Anenge 2.3 zviuru Km. Vakawanda Mapaipi Network anomiririrwa sezvo vaviri dzisakarurama mukati kukosha uye kuzvidzora ayo mapoka ezvinhu zvinosanganisira Inter-nharaunda (kwematunhu) uye dzaifanoiswa kure. Wokutanga anotipa kubatana mafekitari maindasitiri. Dzaifanoiswa samambure revatema mafuta aibuda, obezlichivaya kunyanya wayo. mapaipi izvi dzaibatanidza yakakura nhamba akaitwa uye ekisipoti zviteshi. Zvinoumba chete paIndaneti zvemichina uye zvoupfumi utariri nehurumende. West Siberian mafuta chakazara kwakachinja nhungamiro huru mbishi zvinhu Rwako. Chinonyanya kukosha kushanda haizopereri kukura nomuzongoza samambure zvino vakatamira nayo. Mapaipi kubva munzvimbo akatumira:

• Ust-Balik.
• Kazan.
• Samara.
• Almetyevsk.
• Nizhnevartovsk.
• Novopolotsk.
• Surgut.
• Tyumen.
• Omsk.
• Pavlodar nevamwe.

Zvikonzero kuparara pakati bhizimisi iri 90s

Technical nzira zvekuvaka dzokubudisa vakanga nani munguva kuvandudzika indasitiri. Asi ichi Nzira seiyi. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti zvakawanda nzira, iyo yaiva peturu indasitiri muSoviet munguva. Apo kuwedzera Vhoriyamu zvikaramba mbishi zvinhu haina kubudirira kushandisa michina uye okusuma itsva nzira, uye kuwanika uye kugadzira madziva matsva. Zvinetso West Siberian mafuta indasitiri nhasi zvinokonzerwa vakwegura ruzivo. Zvikonzero kuderera nyanzvi vanoti kuti:

1. Chinokosha kugadzirwa hombe uye mukuru-kugadzira nharaunda uye wakashanda kubudikidza mari zvinoumba ari upfumi hwaro.
2. The unopinza Kushatiswa ezvinhu richangobva incremented mumatanda. Mumakore achangopfuura, mukuru-goho deposits akapotsa haana kushamisa.
3. Zvinoderedza mari ubanguranyika basa. Kukura kwakaita forecasted kukura zvinhu mu Western Siberia ndiyo 35%. 30% kubva 1989 uye kuderedzwa mari kudziongorora. By pamusoro chete mavhoriyamu ndokuramba kuchera.
4. An chenjera kuperevedza mukuru-kuita michina uye zvinoumba kuti kugadzirwa. Unorema aivapo midziyo iri inopfekwa anopfuura 50%, 14 chete% motokari zvinoenderana dzakawanda nemitemo. 70% kuti kuchera rigs inoda mangwanani kutsiviwa. Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union kuti kunzwisisa kwakaita chokuendesa midziyo kubva dzaichimbova.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvipfuwo mutengo mbishi zvinhu zvino yakaderera chaizvo. Izvi zvinoomesa zvikuru kuzvipira mari makambani migodhi. Kushaya zvakatipoteredza noushamwari uye mukuru-waivako midziyo zvinowanisa kusvibiswa. Kuti vanyatsopedza dambudziko kwaisanganisira wandei mari uye zvinhu zvedu. Panguva iyoyo vaigona kubatanidzwa pakuwedzera maindasitiri zvekutepfenyura.

mabasa

Tarisiro kuWest Siberian mafuta chawo, uyewo dzimwe chikuru chinogona nzvimbo munyika, hurumende wakasungwa kwete kweimwe neruzhinji mubhizimisi, uye inowirirana musika kuitika. Enterprises mubasa indasitiri, zvakakodzera kupa vakazvimiririra pachayo pamwe nzira. Basa Hurumende richava kusika zvakakodzera mamiriro ezvoupfumi. Vamwe matanho akatorwa mu mirayiridzo iyi. Saka, Somuenzaniso, ruzhinji zvokuvakisa aderedzwe 20%. The yasara 80% of zvebhizimisi kunogona dzika hwavo. Kurambidzwa vari kuisa chete nokuda aina mbishi zvinhu. Uyezve, akarega anenge chose vachiongorora pachiyero mudzimba mitengo.

Corporatization uye privatization

mabasa ava zvino muupenyu kukura indasitiri. Panguva kukumbanidzwa mu kwesangano siyana akaitwa Qualitative kuchinja. Makambani State-muridzi mubasa dzokubudisa uye kutakurwa mafuta, kubudiswa uye urongwa, vagotendeuka kuva vadyi wemari kambani rakashama. In hurumende pfuma kana inonyanya 38% of mugove. Commercial utariri vakatakura SPV "Rosneft". Iye akapfuura nehurumende migove pasuru kubva 240 AD. Senzira "Rosneft" kuuyawo zvakasiyana-siyana mabhanga, stock exchanges, neshamwari uye nezvimwe masangano. Kana zvokufambisa, basa akaitwa akadai makambani chaiwo aumba. Ndivo "Transnefteprodukt" uye "Transneft". Vakachinjira 51% of kuchengetedzeka.

Mamiriro yakatsvuka zvinhu pezvingoro

West Siberian mafuta chawo, uyewo mamwe guru zvekuvaka nzvimbo inosanganisira nekusimba uye vanzika reserves. Panguva radio vakaita STRUCTURAL Kuongorora deposits. Munguva yemberi iri pedyo iri kutarisirwa kuvhura zviuru zvakawanda minda. Nhasi, zvisinei, pakatanga nzira uye michina ano risafambira mberi yakakwirira guta uye anodawo mari yokushandisa tichienzanisa zvetsika. Panyaya iyi, Bazi Energy ari kukura panyaya kupfeka nhevedzano nezviyero panguva zvemitemo chechetere. Vanofanira zvainanga kukurudzira kushandiswa itsva ruzivo uye nzira kuwedzera mafuta rinodzokera vazvo. zviyero izvi zvinofanira kubatsira kuvandudza mari kutsvakurudza uye kubudirira uye tsvakurudzo basa pakusikwa nzira itsva rwokugadzira, zvinoshingaira Kwemashoko uye michina chawo.

Zvaifungidzirwa

Zvinotarisirwa Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa mu Western Siberia ne 2020 inofanira kusvika mamiriyoni 290-315 matani pagore. Panyaya iyi, hombe kuita munyika anofanira kusvika matani mamiriyoni 520-600. Supply pakati mbishi zvinhu zvinofanira kuitwa muna Apr munyika. Ivo pamusana anenge 30% pose rinodyiwa. The vatengi pakukura vanoonekwa kuti China uye Japan nhasi. chirongwa yambokurukurwa nokuda 2005-2020. It envisaged kuvakwa mafuta Mapaipi kubva East Siberia kusvika nePacific Ocean. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti chirongwa kuchaitika mumatanho mana. Oiri akanga aronga iri mari matani mamiriyoni 80.

mhedziso

Kukura West Siberian mafuta chawo rakaoma nemapoka matatu matambudziko. Chokutanga izvi kunobva kusagona, makasimbiswa munguva Soviet. Boka rechipiri kwaiva pamusana ezvoupfumi mazvake, kugadzwa indasitiri wacho pamusika ukama. Panguva vachinje mhando pfuma chakarasikirwa nesimba vadzore Rwako zvemari. Izviwo, zvakazoita kuti muhombe defaults, ita mutengano uye zvimwe zvinetso. Boka nyaya rechitatu chokuita Kuipa pose musika ezvinhu. It anokonzerwa overproduction pamusoro mbishi zvinhu. matambudziko ose aya zvave kubatanidzwa kuti zvikuru kuderedza. Wokutanga kuchinja zviri kuitika kuchengetwa 1997. Iye kwave chokuita kwenguva pfupi kuwedzera kudiwa mbishi zvinhu zvinotengeswa pamusika nyika uye kuwedzera basa rokuparidza mudzimba mabhizimisi. Izviwo, zvakaita kuti kudirana yokumwe mubhizimisi iri indasitiri. Zvisinei, nhasi zvinhu zvinotengeswa pamusika nyika inoramba zvikuru kugadzikana. The zvakataurwa yekudyidzana kwazvo kudiwa, izvo naizvozvo inokanganisa mitengo. Panyaya iyi, nyika mubasa migodhi uye achinatsa, uyewo ekisipoti dzavo, vari kutsvaka yenzira kubva ezvinhu akaoma. Hurumende shumiro kunyika dzakasiyana kuitisa kugara nhaurirano pamusoro ezvinhu. Kune Parizvino kushingaira kukurukura kwenguva rutapudzo okuwana zvakawanda. Maererano kwekurasira nyika, zvichaita yokufudza mitengo mumusika.