We ngaaverenge kunharaunda bhokisi

Ane muzvizhinji pakati geometric zvitarisiko mumwe nyore zvinogona kutaurwa parallelepiped. It ane chimiro prism ane nechimwe chinhu parallelogram. Hazvina kuoma kuti ngaaverenge nzvimbo bhokisi, nokuti nzira iri nyore chaizvo.

Prism kuti zviso, vertices uye kumicheto. Kuparadzira izvi constituent zvinhu vagutsikana kana shoma mari ndiwo anodiwa paumbwe geometric chimiro. Parallelepiped rine 6 zviso, ayo zvakabatanidzwa kubudikidza vertices 8 uye mbabvu 12. Uye zvinopikisana mativi bhokisi achagara kuenzana. Naizvozvo, kuti tiwane bhokisi nzvimbo, zvakakwana kuona kukura kwayo zviso matatu.

Parallelepiped (izwi rinoreva "zviso zvakafanana" mumutauro wechiGiriki) ane zvimwe zvivako ringaita kutaurwa. Chokutanga, symmetry iri nhamba inoonekwa chete pakati nerimwe diagonals ayo. Chechipiri, rine pakati chero zvayo wakatarisana diagonal vertices, zvinokwanisika kuti rione kuti vose nodes vane chete pfungwa mharadzano. Uyewo kucherechedza ndera kuti vakomana zviso nguva dzose uye hazvo kuva kufanana nomumwe.

Zvakasikwa, mhando izvi Munokudzwa parallelepipeds:

• rectangular - inoitwa zviso ane rectangular chimiro;

• yakananga - ane chete kurutivi zviso rectangular;

• oblique parallelepiped ndiyo chikamu parutivi zviso, izvo zvakakumikidzwa non-perpendicular chikonzero;

• Cube - rine zviso sikweya serin'i.

Ngatiedzei kuwana nzvimbo bhokisi riri muenzaniso rectangular mhando chimiro. Sezvatinoziva, zvose zviso rectangular. Uye nekuti uwandu zvinhu izvi ipfupi kusvika matanhatu, ipapo kuwana nzvimbo mumwe chiso, unofanira kupfupikisa kundotora mugumisiro mune chete nhamba. Uye kuwana nzvimbo neimwe haina kuoma. Kuti aite izvi, muwande maviri kumativi rectangle.

Akashandisa kwemasvomhu inonyatsoita kuona nzvimbo ine cuboid. Inoitwa rinonyatsooneka vatambi kureva chiso nzvimbo, uye ari sezvinotevera: S = 2 (AB + azvarwa +, ac), apo S - nharaunda yacho mufananidzo, a, b - kurutivi nechigadziko, c - lateral mucheto.

Tinopa munhu ine kukarukureta. Kufunga, mumwe = 20 cm, b = 16 masendimita, c = 10 masendimita ikozvino zvakafanira kuwanda nhamba maererano nzira :. 20 16 + 16 10 + 20 10 uye kuwana nhamba 680 cm2. Asi richava chete nehafu nechipi, sezvo takadzidza nokupfupisa zviso matatu paupamhi. Sezvo chiso neimwe ine "kaviri", kaviri kunoguma kukosha, uye kuwana bhokisi nzvimbo akaenzana 1360 masendimita 2.

Kuverenga lateral pamusoro nzvimbo, shandisa nzira S = 2c (a + b). Nzvimbo bhokisi pechingoro anogona kuwanikwa vachiwedzera pakureba panhivi nechigadziko pane mumwe.

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, parallelepipeds anogona kuwanikwa kakawanda. About Kuvapo kwavo chinotiyeuchidza pezvakaita pazvidhinha, emapuranga mudhirowa pane padhesiki rake, akangofananawo matchbox. Mienzaniso nomumwe anogona kuwanikwa zvakawanda zvakatipoteredza. Mapurogiramu School ari geometry kuti adzidze ari zvidzidzo shoma yakapiwa bhokisi. The rokutanga mienzaniso izvi zvinoratidza cuboid. Ipapo kuratidza vadzidzi sei kupinda mariri bhora kana chepiramidhi, dzimwe nhamba, kuwana nzvimbo yacho bhokisi. Muchidimbu, ichi ndicho nyore-dimensional matatu nhamba.