Volga: Population uye Economy

Volga - kukuru Russian rwizi, yakava chiratidzo nyika yedu. About varo nziyo, inova mutambi ari Ngano, epics, dzechembere uye mabhuku mabasa. At pamberi runako nharaunda, kugadzira mapango okuvaka huru tsinga ose European Russia, mweya yose Patriot izere nomufaro uye rugare. The Vagari ari Volga nharaunda rinoumbwa vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana kurarama pamwe chete uye kushanda kuti kubwinya mudunhu ravo uye yose Russia.

vhudzi kare

Russian Volga akava pakarepo kubva panguva yakare pamusoro dzarwo kwakavakirwa hwavo nehurumende dzidzo ethnicities, izvo vava zvizvarwa muna Volga mudunhu. Population vaiva Bulgars, Cumans, eMongolia, Khazars, uye mamwe vamiririri marudzi Asian. Archaeological anowana uchapupu hwakajeka mukuru pachiyero Volga mubudiriro emakore. It vakawanawo nzvimbo simba pfungwa nenzira kwayo kune West asingaverengeki vazhinji pamusoro Astrakhan Khanate uye Golden Horde. An inokosha zvenhoroondo rinokosha yaiva nguva Astrakhan uye Kazan Khanate. Russian Vagari of Volga atange kuwedzera nokukurumidza pakuwedzerwa kumiganhu Russia. Maguta okutanga pamahombekombe erwizi akatanga Samara, yakavambwa muna 1586, ipapo Tsaritsyn (1589) uye Saratov (1590). Uye kubva yechipiri yezana XVI remakore, vakatanga chirongwa Colonisation of Volga nyika. Vari kukwezvwa autocrats Russian hove dzakawanda uye ivhu pfuma, uyewo zvikuru kukosha geopolitical nemashoko, sokuronga riri, vachibvumira kudzora Asia-Europe nevezvokutengeserana.

agrarian nharaunda

Kusvikira pakati XIX remakore Volga nyika vanoshumira sepokutangira kukura zvokurima zvekutepfenyura. nevhu Local kubvumira kukura zvirimwa zvakanaka, pfuma hove rakanga incalculable, uye mumasango yapakati bhendi vava pfuma chaiyo vaburitsi, kuti pasi zvigadzirwa zvavo pamakona ose umambo. The mapindu akava nokutengesa guru zvokutengeserana makambani, uye kunyange patafura yamambo. In yechipiri yezana XVII remakore vanhu pamusoro Volga nharaunda yakanga vaisanganisa uye Kupfumiswa vatama vachibva kuGermany, akakokwa Catherine Guru kuvandudza wevanotungamirira mufananidzo nemucheto nokukwereta European zvokurima ruzivo. Agriculture pamberi chimurenga akaramba chinokosha tsime mari neimwe amachinda yepfuma. Zvikuru pano aiva hleborobstvo, uye nezvipfuwo, uye, mukuwedzera kune zvose, uye kunyange remigodhi munyu. Ukrainian Vagari of Volga nharaunda yaiva dzimwe mumaruwa vakakwira 7% of zvachose uye dzaitaurwa "Chumak" vakagara pano, ari nyanzvi nokutengesa tafura munyu, saka zvinokosha uye zvishoma panguva yacho chigadzirwa. Nhasi, mazita Little Russian havasi zvechienzi.

maindasitiri tiguu

Mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, vagari uye upfumi Volga nharaunda kunge kuchinja zvikuru nokuda vanotozvikuvadza kuwedzera pamusoro kwemaindasitiri. Umambo yakavakwa, aifanira esimende, uye muna Saratov mudunhu vaiva zvikuru kugadzirwa zvinhu. Dzakabudirira zvirimwa, vanoda simbi muchina - uye kuzvitutumadza mapaipi muchina mudziyo Enterprises Tsaritsyn. Volga ari kuramba kukosha munyika chokufambisa mugero - muna Nizhny Novgorod Sormovo shipyard kuvakwa. Mukati nehafu kana maviri emakore, maindasitiri zvinogona yacho nharaunda yakawedzera nguva zhinji pamusoro. Vokumaruwa of Volga kudunhu vakadirana kuguta, akatanga zvakasikirwa industrially dzakabudirira chirongwa urbanization. Revolution uye kwakatevedzana hondo yevagari vemo, zvichiteverwa hombe nzara, seiyi kukura nharaunda, asi kwete kwenguva refu. Volga zvinogona yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru.

nzara

The Civil War akaunza nhamo nematambudziko kumucheto. Population uye upfumi Volga nharaunda zvakaramba somugumisiro kurwisana uye tsitsi mutemo zvokudya requisitioning rinoitwa Bolsheviks munyika. Muna 1921, mudunhu enzara, yakawedzera nokusanaya kwemvura, izvo zvakazoita kuti kusakura. vanobatwa ake vaiva vanhu mamiriyoni mashanu, rinoreva zvose evanhu mapoka uye vemarudzi vanogara pamupendero. Kuwanda kwevanhu of Volga nharaunda panguva yakanga vanhu mamiriyoni 25. Saka, kubva zvisingafungidziriki nzara akauraya mumwe vagari shanu ichangopfuura ibudirire munharaunda umambo. Zvisina kunanga waitirwa njodzi yakanga Ukrainian miduku yokuruwa uye pasi zvakaenzana utsinye ari kuparadzirwa pasi chokumupomera nzara zvokuyamura. Kurutivi echelons zvokudya vakaenda zvitima, akazadzwa Red Army vanounganidzwa kubva munzvimbo sei. Lenin akabvunza kudana Dzvuku Army Volzhan miriyoni.

Takarongwa navo Bolsheviks vakarwa nzara, achitora pfuma chechi, zvichisvibisa temberi. rubatsiro Great rakashandurwa nemasangano vatorwa. Pakazosvika 1921, nzara zvava zvishoma chakasimba, asi nemigumisiro yayo kukanganiswa kwenguva refu.

pakati hondo

Munguva interwar nguva, kurima micheto yakatanga maererano kutenderwa tenzi urongwa. Panguva yemakore mashanu urongwa dzakavakwa simba chirimwa, akavaka emakambani chiedza indasitiri. Nevakawanda kushandiswa nhaka pakati tsarist hurumende (vamwe vakabva vaisa mafekitari anoshanda nhasi). Zvakawanda ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna vachisimudza zvikoro dzidzo iri kotoryhy uchigadzirira cadres itsva proletarian. Zvinoitwa nevanhu vari Volga nharaunda hazvigoni kungotariswa - panodikanwa ari weighted nenyika, iyo rinoda nzira rinokosha nechimwe. Somuenzaniso, mitambo yakadaro kunogona kuguma pokugadzwa zvokuvhoterwa of Volga vokuGermany, izvo aripo kubva muna 1923 kusvika 1941.

Mafambiro aita nokukurumidza kusimudzira nharaunda munguva yehondo. Muna Volga nharaunda akabviswa, vazhinji munzvimbo okuwana, rakanga rakundwa occupiers eNazi. Most makambani aya akagara pano, uye pashure kukunda.

Development vagamuchirawo zvemakemikari uye peturu Mazinga.

Industrial budiriro uye vashandi

pamusoro Volga kwemaindasitiri kuitwa kwakaguma results. Of motokari gumi kubudiswa munyika, nomwe zvakabudiswa pamahombekombe mukuru Russian River (Ulyanovsk uye Tolyatti). More mabasa mwero nemarori, asi ose wegumi - zvakare haana zvishoma. Muguta Shona (Saratov nharaunda) inoshanda ine simba Trolleybus Plant. Nharaunda ine zvakawanda rose mabhizimisi, kugadzira Ultra-zvinonyatsochengeta zvigadzirwa zvishandiso (kusanganisira kudzivirira). Ndege uye muchina mudziyo indasitiri pamberi zvakakura. Vagari of Volga dunhu - tsime vashandi vanokwanisa, kugadzirira zviri munyaya zhinji yepamusoro dzidzo masangano. Muzviitiko zvakawanda nharaunda achikwikwidza yakadai dzakabudirira maindasitiri nzvimbo sezvo Urals uye Central.

nhasi

Volga dunhu nhasi - yakakura chikamu wenharaunda kuRussia (anopfuura 6% Nzvimbo yaro yose), izvo zvinosanganisira nharaunda, conventionally mapoka mapoka matatu:

1. Verhnevolzhskie: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Kostroma uye Yaroslavl;.
2. Mid: Samara uye Ulyanovsk, uyewo Republic of Chuvashia, Tatarstan uye Mari El.
3. Nizhnevolzhkie: Samara, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd uye Saratov ndinoiitawo Republic of Kalmykia uye Tatarstan.

Ivo vaviri yeUnited ematunhu (Volga uye Southern).

mamiriyoni 17 vokuRussia vaigara munzvimbo.

The arambe achirema chavagari of Volga nharaunda zvikuru heterogeneous, katatu kupfuura National paavhareji (31 Vagari / ba Km..), Asi zvikuru duku iri Republic of Kalmykia -. Vanhu 4.3 chete / ba Km. ? km.

National sezvamunoita wakananga: pane kurarama 16% kubva Tatars, 5% Mordovtsev uye Chuvash, nezvipo uye mamwe marudzi, asi kupfuura zvose Russian - 70%.

Muna Volga nharaunda maguta 90, nhatu iro - "miriyoni imwe" (Samara, Kazan uye Volgograd). Zvichida mashomanana akatevera vachava akabatanidzwa Saratov.

Population kukura kunoratidzwa refu zvazvingava, asi kune pamwero mukuru uyu imhaka vakawandisa vanotama. Edge chakanaka chaizvo, iye ataura tarisiro yakanaka, uye muuye pano zvachose dzokugara nokuzvidira.