VaMaya akaita kupi: Mazano zvapera pemarudzi. Origin uye mabasa ekare vanhu Mesoamerica

Nhoroondo Mayan yebudiriro izere zvakavanzika. Mumwe wavo - chikonzero nokukundwa kunyangarika ichi vekare vanhu, vasvika zvinoshamisa yakakwirira azvipire nemagariro kukura.

Origin uye dzinogarisana nharaunda

Maya ndeimwe Mesoamerican dzomunyika vakatanga kubuda kumativi 2000 BC. e. It yakaumbwa pamusoro munharaunda Mexican in Tabasco uye vokuYucatán, Guatemala uye nyika Belize, Honduras uye El Salvador. The Nzvimbo iri yokurarama namarudzi aya ekare, akakamurwa zvitatu okunze zones: dzisinganayi uye matombo gomo nharaunda, dzinopisa dondo uye nzvimbo dzomutambo fauna of.

Nezvepakatangira vanhu, uyewo pamusoro apo vakarasika Maya, pane zvakawanda dzidziso. Pane dzidziso kuti vakabva Asia, uye kunyange tarenda kubvuma kuti vazukuru vagere ngano Atlantis. Imwe dzidziso inoti kuti vakabva Palestine. Uchapupu rinotungamirirwa chokuti vazhinji zvinhu Mayan chitendero chakafanana muKristu (pfungwa kwaMesiya, muchinjikwa chiratidzo). Mukuwedzera, mavakirwo vanhu izvi zvikuru kufanana muEgipita, uye ichi kunoratidza kuti neimwe nzira chokuita muIjipiti yekare.

Mayans: nhoroondo ibudirire zvikuru

Vatsvakurudzi rombo - pane zvakawanda manyuko pamusoro paunogona kuita mufananidzo upenyu ichi chekare vanhu. Nhoroondo yaro rakakamurwa wandei nguva huru.

Mugore pre-dzekare nguva maIndia Mayan vaiva marudzi maduku, ichibereka zvokudya kunovhima uye kuungana. About 1000 BC. e. pane zvakawanda dzomumisha diki varimi. El Mirador - rimwe remaguta Maya rokutanga, ikozvino yaizivikanwa huru pyramidal dzakaoma 72 mamita yakakwirira. Raiva guta guru kupfuura pre-ainakidza kumwedzi.

Next nguva (400 BC -.... 250 AD) kunoratidzwa mikuru kuchinja muupenyu maIndia. Pane Kuwedzera maguta, akamisira akakura mapurani zvivako.

makore 250-600. n. e. - nguva dzekare nguva kwebudiriro yekare vanhu Mesoamerica. Panguva iyi, takanga yakatanga kukwikwidzana mumwe guta-inotaura. akitekicha yavo chaipiwa akasvibirira mapurani hurongwa. Kazhinji Zvivako achitenderera rectangular nechepakati sikweya uye yakashongedzwa Masiki vanamwari uye rengano manhamba rakacherwa pabwe. History Mayan akati kuti yaiva kuvapo nemisha pakati mumaguta mapiramidhi anosvika 15 mamita.

By kuguma dzekare nguva Guatemala kuti vagari kuderedzwa nhema nzvimbo kwasvika anoyevedza nhamba vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 3 of.

Late Classic nguva - ichatonga zvine mbiri tsika yekare vanhu Mesoamerica. Zvino pakanga nheyo guta guru - Uxmal, Chichen Itza uye coba. Vagari neimwe vanhu 10 kusvika 25 zviuru. Vachishandisa Nhoroondo hachizombokundikani vakashamiswa - nguva ino Ages Europe vasina misha guru kudaro.

Sport uye Mayan ounyanzvi

Main basa maIndia kurima (yokutema miti-uye-pisa uye kudiridza), nyuchi uye ndege. Akura chibage (chikuru chirimwa), bhinzi, madomasi, manhanga, dzakasiyana-siyana pepper, fodya, donje, chinonhuwira mbatatisi uye zvakasiyana-siyana zviya. chirimwa kwaikosha koko.

Mubasa kurimwa emichero Maya. Zvino zvakaoma kuudza izvo michero yemiti vaiva cultured. Residents dzataidya papaya, yekotapeya, Ramon chikosapote, Nancy, Marañon.

Pasinei yakakwirira yakati sandara okukura, vaMaya kumborega vakarinda uye achiunganidza. Palm mashizha pavaitandarira mashoko matenga uye kuzvinhu zvokuvakisa dzokurukisa mabhasikiti, vakaunganidza nebwe waishandiswa serusenzi, uye Koros cooked.

Hunting uye kubata hove, zvakare, vaiva pakati huru mabasa maIndia.

Of matongo tsvakurudzo zviri pachena kuti mune vokuYucatán uye Guatemala akararama unyanzvi nemhizha: gunsmiths, varuki, jewelers, vavezi vemabwe uye ezvivako.

akitekicha

Maya inozivikanwa anoshamisa zvivako zvaro: pyramidal zvivako uye dzoushe vatongi. Mukuwedzera, ivo akasika zvivezwa akanaka uye Bhanabhasi-reliefs, vavariro huru dzakanga anthropomorphic huMwari.

mupiro

Pakati vasara zvivako huru chikamu inogarwa Zvivako zvechitendero. Chokwadi ichi uye kumwewo zvinoratidza kuti chitendero inoremekedzwa muupenyu vaMaya centre rwakazara. Vanozivikanwa kwavo Kubudisa ropa tsika uye zvibayiro dzevanhu vamwari. The kupfuura zvechisimba mhemberero yaiva vachiviga mupenyu rechipfuwo, uyewo Kubvarura mudumbu uye vanokakata mwoyo kunze kwomuviri achiri mupenyu munhu. Vakabayira kwete chete vasungwa, asi vedzinza.

Chakavanzika kunyangarika vanhu

Mubvunzo kure sei aenda Maya kuramba mubereko Vatsvakurudzi zhinji. Zvinozivikanwa kuti IX remakore kumaodzanyemba ndima maIndia mupenyu akatanga chinhu. Nokuda kwechimwewo chikonzero, vanhu vakatanga kuenda muguta. Nokukurumidza, muitiro vakapararira kune nechepakati vokuYucatán. VaMaya akaita kupi uye nei vakasiya misha yavo? mubvunzo uyu haana kupindura. Pane hypotheses kuti vanoedza kutsanangura kamwe kunyangarika mumwe vanhu Mesoamerica. Vanotsvakurudza kudana zvinotevera: muvengi nechisimba, reropa rine kupandukira, matenda uye zvakatipoteredza njodzi. Zvichida Maya akaputsa nengaidzo pakati zvakasikwa uye murume. Kukurumidza kukura nevanhu kwezvinoshandiswa zvachose zviwanikwa uye vakatanga kutambura nezvinetso zvakakura nokushayikwa rakaorera uye mvura yokunwa.

Ekupedzisira pfungwa pamusoro kwokuderera Mayan yebudiriro hunoratidza kuti izvi zvakanga zvakamufanira nzara, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuparadzwa maguta.

Kana dzidziso idzi haana kugamuchira zvakakomba zvinosimbisa, uye mubvunzo pamusoro apo vakarasika Maya, yasara yakazaruka.

Maya ano

Ancient Mesoamerican vanhu akanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa. Akaramba ari vazukuru vake - Mayan ano. Vakaramba kurarama kumusha wamadzibaba avo yakakurumbira - muGuatemala uye Mexico, rarinoshevedzwa mutauro, tsika uye nzira youpenyu.