Vakundi nhoroondo yacho Booker Prize

Mharidzo of Booker Prize - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha wepagore zviitiko zviri mabhuku nyika. Rave paakavapa kubva 1969 zvakanakisisa Chirungu-mutauro mabasa kubva Commonwealth, Ireland uye Zimbabwe. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu akavapo kusvikira 2013.

Muna 2014 mubayiro kokutanga akaramba mbambo kune nzvimbo. Nokuti mumwe kupfuura nomukurumbira mibayiro munyika pamusoro Chokwadi, munhu wose munguva. Saka, zvinokwanisika kuunza "zvibereko" munguva iyi, iyo Booker Prize muna 2014 vasati kudzimwa zviratidzo zvenyika zvose.

nyaya

Booker Prize pamusana Literature Rakanga rakarongwa uye kutanga paakavapa muna 1969. The initiator uye munyori mubairo pfungwa waitsigira Chirungu muzvinabhizimisi uye philanthropist Sir Michael Caine Harris. sangano rake Booker Group - a akakurumbira mutambi muBritish basa zvekutepfenyura, vachiwana mamiriyoni pondo. Zvazova mupinduriri mubayiro chaiko, yainzi kwake nokukudzwa.

mubayiro wokutanga, mukuwedzera kune mukurumbira, vakatakura kuwanda makirogiramu zviuru zvishanu. Mune ramangwana, mibayiro mari akaenda kuwedzera - gumi, gumi makumi maviri nezviviri.

Muna 2002, kuti kutsigira Booker Prize akabatana rimwe bhizimisi - hofori, kureva Man Groop (mabasa zvemari). Izvi zvakasimbisa mukurumbira wayo uye akaita kuti zvikwanisike kuti yekudyidzana kuwedzera mari iri paakavapa - kusvika zviuru makumi mashanu rutsoka hwakakwirira. Kubvira ipapo, mukuru zita award - The Man Booker Prize.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, muna 2014, chiitiko chinobuda miganhu vaimbova mapoka Britain uye avhura nevanyori chero rupi. Imwe ezvinhu - bhuku yati rakabudiswa muna Chirungu.

Kusarudza Kumukundi

Find pakati mabhuku multi-faceted uye ichiita mabasa akawanda panguva zvakajeka chinhu nani, zvechokwadi, zvakaoma. Muitiro awarding ari Booker Prize rakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda.

Wokutanga kunosanganisira muunganidzwa komiti iri mabhuku nevatsoropodzi, vaparidzi, vamiririri uye muraibhurari; aidawo kuvapo vamiririri makambani vose kutsigira mubairo. Vanhu ava vanoti ivo vatongi varume vashanu (sezvo inozvikudza mabhuku bhora) uye mazita emabhuku idzo kufadza - zana enganonyorwa.

The vatongi pamwedzi vanoumba anonzi "refu-zvakarongwa" (makumi maviri namashanu zvidimbu), uye ipapo - "pfupi-zvakarongwa" (nhanhatu). Matanhatu yakanakisisa enganonyorwa uye akasarudzwa vakundi Remangwana Booker Prize mabhuku.

Zviri pachena kuti kunyatsogutsikana mu machira zvose kare nomukurumbira uye anotaura zvakawanda pamusoro unhu basa munyori.

chokutanga muridzi

Kokutanga Booker Prize akanga paakavapa kuna Percy Howard Newby, mudzidzisi kubva Cairo.

nganonyorwa ake "Nokuti achava kupindura" kuda kuuya kuIjipiti pachake zvikonzero Briton Taunrou nezita.

Zvisinei, nyika mapiramidhi akasimuka zvachose isiri nguva, uye zvakanga panguva yacho neSuez dambudziko, kana Britain uye France havana kukwanisa kukanganwira Egipita nationalized ari neSuez Canal , uye akaenda kuhondo. Taunrou anotarisana nematambudziko akawanda, ruvengo veko. Semunhu wokuEngland, anotanga Mubayiro dzose mitemo aimbova British Empire.

Yakanga murume waini yaitonga kare nyika yake nyore uye ndiyo nyaya huru iri yokufungidzira. For kukamura uchishandisa uye chave and manyorerwo, zvapararira bhuku, Newby uye akahwina mibayiro.

J. M. Coetzee

Muna 1999, South African nyanzvi uye munyori Dzhon Maksvell Kutzee akava munhu wokutanga kugamuchira repamusoro mubayiro yakadaro kaviri. iye Haringatongogarwi segwapa pamberi paakavapa vakundi of Booker Prize kaviri, asi kazhinji anowira Long - kana pfupi-mumutsara makore siyana.

First mubayiro Coetzee aiva muna 1983, apo iye akabuda yake unopinza munzanga yokufungidzira "The Life Aiita Michael K.". Mairi jaya naamai airwara ari kuedza kuwana pokugara kubva vemauto akavhiyiwa papurazi, vakati kutiza Cape Town. Musoro ndiyo nhoroondo upenyu hwevanhu munzanga uye ayo basa pamberi pake, uyewo basa kwenzanga anozvisarudzira. Coetzee anobvunza mubvunzo pamusoro apo painoguma private inosvika mweya womunhu uye otanga ake "munzanga ukoshi." Chokwadi, kuti apesane mukuru dingindira nezvounhu kwenyika dzepasi pose munyika yaisagona kuonekwa ne Committee nokuda Booker Prize; kunyanya panguva pakuguma XX remakore.

Mubayiro chechipiri munyori South African chakabereka kuti yokufungidzira ake "Kuzvidzwa". Gare gare basa ukauyiswa chidzitiro pamwe John Malkovich muzita rokuti basa. Roman rinotibudisira nyaya vakatapwa kubva payunivhesiti pabonde nemumwe mudzidzi "mavara" yacho muzvinafundo, iye anosiya purazi kuti mwanasikana wake. Pashure pemakore mutemo wehurumende weboka "chena" uye "dema" South Africa iri kuitika kuburikidza dzakaoma. Mutambi mukuru ruchawana - kana vakawanda kusiyana zvemo vanhu uye vazukuru colonists?

Chenjera dingindira chaizvoizvo vakamira chipasa banga, mubhuku vakamhanyira kubva kunyanyisa mumwe, kupa muverengi kuona zvose matambudziko nhangemutange ukama South Africa: kubva kuvavenga zvose "Nigger" zvizere pakuziva kuti vanhu vose, pasinei noruvara, vakaenzana.

Muna 2003, Coetzee vagamuchirawo Nobel Prize pamusana Literature.

Piter Kerri

Munhu wechipiri, uyo akashanyira Booker Prize kaviri, akava Australian Piter Kerri. Akakwanisa kukunda nokuda kechipiri muna 2002.

Wokutanga mubayiro waakawana muna 1988 kuti yokufungidzira ake "Oscar uye Lucinda", iro rinotaura pamusoro kupenga bheji pakati mupristi uye muridzi girazi fekitari. Pashure pezvose, kana Oscar uchakwanisa kushandura mune chimwe chidimbu dzikaiswa Australian girazi chechi, uchachipiwa zvose mamiriro Lucinda. Sei? Kuti ape kunobatsirei varombo, kana kuti tikarega navo patafura kadhi? Muna 1997 yokufungidzira yakanga filmed.

nguva Next, Carrie Falls iri ndandanda "mukundi of Booker Prize" nokuda yokufungidzira ake "The rungano boka Kelly, zvechokwadi" umo iye anoedza kuratidza mukuru muverengi nyaya gakava hunhu Australian ngano. Kutaura zvazviri, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vachiri nharo - uyo aiva kunozivikanwa Ned Kelly, uyo akava nomukurumbira sezvo "anokudzwa gororo" uye muridzi ane Stylish nedehwe dzokurwa - chete muurayi kana murwi pamusoro korona yeBritain? In nganonyorwa ake Carrie anoedza kupa mhinduro uye anosvika nekuyanana shanduro: Ned Kelly aiva, uye saizvozvo uye saizvozvo. Kutangira somunhu nyore gororo, akaona zvakawanda vokuAustralia vari kutambura pasi pejoko mapurisa rwaChangamire wake, kusvikira pakupedzisira akazivisa oga hondo pakati British Empire.

Eleanor Catton

Booker Prize muna 2013 akanga paakavapa Itsva Zealand munyori Eleanor Catton. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti wakadzikwa zvinyorwa zviviri chokuita mubayiro uyu.

Chokutanga, Catton akava gotwe vose mubairo vakundi. Panguva pakukurukura akanga "chete" maviri navasere. Chechipiri, wake yokufungidzira "chiedza" panguva iyoyo chinoramba zvikuru volumetric basa (peji masere namakumi matatu navaviri), anokudza mubayiro uyu.

Mutambi mukuru, Uolter Mudi, anosvika New Zealand paitonga yeBritain kuti Queen Victoria. Ndizvo parakatanga goridhe nenhokwe, uye chitsuwa chiduku asingakanganwiki kutsvaka mari nyore kuti. Zvisinei, hakusi migodhi yendarama achava kuenda Walter - ari kukwezverwa kujekeswa ezvinhu nhevedzano chokusaroora uye usingaonekwi umhondi, unozvidzinga vose New Zealand.

Musoro nokuti okusika kutsvaka Catton akava mubvunzo chido, makaro uye vanoda mari. Munyori zvaiita anoedza anotsinzina kwatiri kubva mumapeji ebhuku, apo pane vanhu vachida kuita chinhu nokuda pfuma, kubudirira - chivi chipi haisi mhosva yavo, kana kunovatungamirira zvinangwa zvavo. "Zvakanaka, tine zvakawanda zvachinja?" - akashamisika kana Eleanor Catton.

Richard Flanagan

"The yakamanikana kuna Far North" rakanyorwa munyori Richard Flenaganom nemaviri, uye somugumisiro of Booker Prize muna 2014 akaenda kwaari.

The nganonyorwa inotiudza mumusasa POW Japanese panguva Second World War, apo vasungwa dzakamanikidzwa kuvaka chimwe chezvinhu "ropa nzara" njanji vachibva kuThailand kuBurma. Kuita izvi nenzira akauraya mazana vasungwa, kwete zvose kumusha.

bhuku rokutanga plunges kutiisa vanotyisa nyika wemisasa chinotyisa, uye ipapo unokubvumira kuona chii chakaitika kune vaya vakapukunyuka; vachiri kurega nzira yako ino nokukurumidza - Ungangove kuzviuraya. Sei kuvanza varindi kubva kururamisira.

Zvisinei, munyika yose Flanagan ichi anoedza kuwana kanenge chinhu, kana asina kunaka, ipapo kumanikidzwa kurarama. Iri bhuku woda Kudyidzana, nezvetsitsi uye kunounza vanhu neshungu.

matavi

Nemhaka kuitwa Michael Kane Harris Booker Prize akatambanudzira kune dzimwe nyika. Just matatu vanonzi "davi" akauya chiedza somugumisiro basa Booker Groop. Man Booker International Prize ari paakavapa pamakore maviri kubva 2005. Muna 2007 paivawo Asian Booker Prize.

Uye kubva 1992 kunewo "Russian Booker" sezvo Kane kuda kubatsira nyika, kamwe nechisimba nevanyori kukuru.

Chakakoshera mapazi aya uye avo zvimwe zvinhu pashure shanduko ezvinhu nokuti vakundi inoramba yakazaruka.

zvabuda

Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti matambudziko zvichange pamusoro kuchinja mamiriro chokuwana mubayiro, uye chii chichava pamusoro Booker Prize. Vakundi vagara akanyatsotevera uye nguva chokuita Britain, nemisoro ayo uye kukamura uchishandisa nyaya. Nhoroondo ukama pakati weBritish Empire dzaidzorwa uyewo kakawanda amutsa pakati pavo.

Zvisinei, kuchinja nguva dzose nokuda nani. Izvi zvinoratidza Booker Prize muna 2014 - vakundi achiri, pasinei yokuvira, kutaura mumwe uye zvakafanana. About kukosha hwevanhu, kuti chero zvazvingava zvakafanira kuva munhu. Uye zvinganaka, munhu ne-soro kuvimbika. Izvi ndizvo zvinofanira kuratidza mabhuku chaiyo, zvisinei umo nyika iye akaberekwa.