Isaac Bhabheri: Biography uye mabasa

Bhabheri Isaka Emmanuilovich, ane Biography anoratidzwa munyaya - munyori, mushanduri, munyori wemitambo, munyori wenyaya. zita rake chairo - Bobel, sezvo anozivikanwa pasi mazita ose Bab-eri uye K. Lyutov. Murume akapfurwa ari Bolsheviks muna 1940. Muna 1954 akanga paakanga afa rehabilitated Isaac Bhabheri.

Biography ake anotanga June 30 (July 12) muna 1894. Panguva iyoyo Isaka Emmanuilovich akaberekwa muna Odessa. baba vake aiva Emmanuel Isaakovich Bobel.

Childhood, nguva yokudzidza

Panguva muduku, munyori ramangwana vaigara Odessa, pedyo Odessa. Pazera 9 nemakore, akapinda vepo Commercial College. Count Witte. Kwapera gore, iye hwakatamisirwa Odessa Commercial School ainzi Nicholas I. Bhabheri kudzidza muna 1911. Panguva ino ake gitare zvidzidzo. Bhabheri akapa zvidzidzo PS Stolarski, muimbi akakurumbira. Uyewo, munyori yemberi Aifarira mabasa French vanyori. Panguva kuomerera baba vake vechitendero apo yeBhabheri zvakakomba mubasa kudzidza mutauro wechiHebheru. Iye verenga magwaro echiHebheru. Isaac Emmanuilovich akagamuchira musoro honorary mugari pashure vabudirire kupera kudzidziswa panguva Odessa Commercial School. Panguva iyoyowo, iye aishanda kuti kubvuma kuti upfumi dhipatimendi Kiev Commercial Institute. Bhabheri akanga vakabvuma kuti Institute, uye kwemakore akawanda vaigara Kiev. Education, akapedza kudzidza pamwe chinokudza muna 1916, vachiwana musoro mumiriri.

Wokutanga akadhindwa basa, upenyu mu Saratov

In Kiev magazini "Lights" rweBhabheri yokutanga basa yakabudiswa - nyaya "Old Shloyme". Kwaitika hondo wokuRussia-German, Isaac Emmanuilovich akanga akanyorwa nevarwi vehurumende, asi havana kubatanidzwa utsinye.

Muna 1915, Bhabheri akanga anyoresa mugore rechina Petrograd psycho-chetsinga akatanga (rorusununguko Law). Zvisinei, haana kudzidza kubva kupfungwa ichi. Muna 1915, Bhabheri aiva nguva iri Saratov. Pano iye akasika nyaya vanoda "Uduku. Ambuya", achibva adzokera Petrograd.

Musangano wokutanga Gorky

Uchisangana Bamba Gorky kwakaitika mumatsutso 1916 mumagazini "Chronicle". "Mama, Rimma uye Alla" uye "Elia Isaakovich uye Margarita Prokofyevna" - In November 1916, nyaya mbiri rweBhabheri dzakabudiswa mumagazini ino. Mugore iroro munyika "Journal magazini" Petrograd yakabudiswa akazviratidza dzakatevedzana essays, vakabatana pasi zita "machira rangu."

Sezvo hwakagadzwa muna 1928 "Autobiography" Isaac Emmanuilovich, kutaura musangano wokutanga Gorky akacherechedza kuti chikwereti zvose kwaari uye achiri kutaura zita romunyori nokuonga uye norudo.

Life Babel "vanhu"

kureva Bhabheri, ane Biography Kunoonekwa ushamwari Gorky, akanyora kuti akanga akadzidziswa naye zvinokosha chaizvo zvinhu, uye ipapo, kana vakatendeuka kubva kuti vanoverengeka ake ouduku zvakaitika akanga akachena mhanza anonyora zvakaipa, Bamba Gorky akamutumira "kuvanhu." Bhabheri vanotaurwa "Autobiography", uyo "akaenda kuvanhu" kwemakore 7 (1917-24 gg.). Panguva ino akanga ari musoja, akanga ari yeRomania mberi. Bhabheri rave aishanda vatorwa dhipatimendi KGB mushanduri. Muna 1918, zvinyorwa ake dzakabudiswa mupepanhau "New Life". Zvegore, muzhizha Isaka Bhabheri akatora mugove zvokudya nzendo, rakarongwa vanhu Commissariat.

Pakati kuguma cha1919 uye kutanga muna 1920 aigara Odessa Isaac Bhabheri. Brief Biography kumunyori inowedzera zviitiko itsva zvinokosha. The munyori akashanda State Publishing House rweUkraine, kwaakanga vakananga kubudiswa dhipatimendi. Muchirimo 1920 pasi zita Lyutova Kirill Vasilyevich Yugrosta dzomupepanhau, Isaac Emmanuilovich akaenda Rokutanga vamabhiza Army. Pano akagara kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Munyori ndikaramba dhayari, uye yakabudiswa essays ake uye nyaya mupepanhau "Red vamabhiza." Pashure kutambura fivha, pakupera 1920, Emmanuilovich Isaka akadzokera Odessa.

New Content, upenyu muMoscow

Muna 1922-1923 gg. Bhabheri akatanga vanoshingaira kubudisa nyaya dzavo mapepa ose Odessa ( "Sailor", "News" uye "Silhouettes"), uyewo magazini "Lava". Pakati zvigadzirwa izvi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa zvinotevera nyaya "Mambo", vanobatanidzwa kutenderera "Odessa Nyaya" uye "Grishuk" (Cycle "Red vamabhiza"). Zvinenge yose 1922 vaigara Batumi Bhabheri. Biography ake Kunoonekwa kukushanyira mamwe maguta Georgian.

Muna 1923, munyori akagadza Links pamwe Moscow vanyori. Akatanga kubudiswa mu "Red mhandara Ivhu," mu "LEF", mu "yokunyanya", uyewo "Pravda" ( "Odessa Stories" enganonyorwa kubva "Red vamabhiza"). Uchiri Odessa, Isaac Emmanuilovich akasangana Vladimir Mayakovsky. Zvadaro, pashure Bhabheri pakupedzisira vakatamira kuMoscow, akaita shamwari vanyori vakawanda pano - pamwe Voronsky A., S. Yesenin, D. Furmanov. Ona kuti nguva yokutanga Isaac Emmanuilovich aigara Sergiev Posad (pedyo Moscow).

Popularity, okugadzira zvinhu, chechipiri hafu 1920s

Pakati pezana remakore 1920s, akava mumwe zvikuru nevanhu vanyori muSoviet Union. Chete muna 1925 ari oga yakabudiswa kuunganidza vatatu ake pfupi nyaya. Yakatarwa rweBhabheri wokutanga akasikwa ngano "Red emauto" akasunungurwa gore rakatevera. Gare gare iye kukasawedzerwa. Isaac Babel akaronga kunyora 50 enganonyorwa, asi rakanga rakabudiswa 37, vokupedzisira vavo anonzi "Argamak".

Muna 1925, Isaac Emmanuilovich akatanga basa iri pakusikwa manyorero, "Benya Krik", uye kudzidza mutambo "The Sunset". In yechipiri yezana 1920s, Isaac Bhabheri akanyora (kanenge rakabudiswa) anenge ose mabasa ake yakanakisisa. A zvimwe makore 15 oupenyu paBhabheri akawedzera chete shoma izvi chinoumba nhaka yake. Muna 1932-33 Isaac Emmanuilovich akashanda ari mutambo "Mary." Akasika anoverengeka "konarmeyskih" enganonyorwa itsva uye pfupi nyaya, kunyanya autobiographical ( "GI De Mopassan", "Awakening", etc.). Panguva ino, munyori uyewo paakapedza screenplay "nyeredzi" dziri prose Sholom Aleichem.

"Red vamabhiza"

Pakati pezana remakore 1920s, chiitiko chacho ari mabhuku akanga dzinonakidza. By Babel pfupi nyaya "Red vamabhiza" zvinoshamisa kunyange kuti nguva directness uye tinoshandisa mifananidzo utsinye uye ropa Zviitiko Civil War. Panguva iyoyowo mabasa ake vari dzinoratidzwa isingawanzowanikwi runako kutaura, vakanatswa maitiro. Bhabheri, uyo Biography zvinoratidza kuti aiziva Civil War akazvionera, Kunyanya hasha anoudza ropa zviitiko ayo. In izvi zvitatu nemagariro akaturikidzana dzaibatanidzwa, ichi angangotadza piringisha munyika munhau. Tiri kutaura vaJudha, wokuRussia intelligentsia uye vanhu. Zvinoitwa kudhumhana izvi zvinoumba nyika tsika uye rikava rweBhabheri prose, azere tariro uye kutambura, kunzwisisa uye zvikanganiso dzakaipisisa. "Red vamabhiza" pakarepo akakonzera nomusiyano chaizvo gakava umo akasiyana pfungwa maonero airwisana. Zvikurukuru, mutungamiri First Horse SM Budyonny akatora basa iri sezvo ari defamation pakati Mavara. Asi Voronsky A. uye M. Gorky aidavira kuti ukuru mufananidzo dzevanhu yemberi iri anoitika Civil War, zvisinei, kwete manyepo - kuti huru basa kumunyori.

"Odessa Stories"

Bhabheri wake "Odessa Stories" ichifananidzwa semagamba Odessa Moldavanka. mwoyo wake wakatanga Benya Krik, "changamire" gororo. Bhuku iri mavara chaizvo, lyrically uye pathetically kumiririrwa ironist-upenyu Odessa vatengesi uye raiders, vaoni uye vakachenjera. Iye anofananidzwa kana unopfuura ichikosha. "Odessa Stories" (kutamba "Sunset" yaiva nzira vanotongwa bhuku rechipiri) ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mumabhuku Russian pezana 20-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Vaiva simba guru basa nevanyori vakawanda, pakati pavo - I. Ilf uye Petrov.

Kufamba USSR uye nzendo dzekunze

Muna 1925, Isaac Emmanuilovich nzendo dzakawanda pasi USSR (kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, Voronezh Province, Kiev, Leningrad). It anounganidza zvinhu pamusoro yapfuura Zviitiko Civil War, ndiye munyori vomumusha dare mumusha Molodenovo iri Moscow River. Muzhizha 1927 kekutanga kuenda kwose yeBhabheri. Biography ake Kunoonekwa kutanga rwendo Paris, uye ipapo - muBerlin. Trip kunze kubva iyoyo vave zvinenge pagore kusvikira 1936. Muna 1935, Isaac Emmanuilovich akabvuma mushumo achidzivirira mutsika panguva Paris Congress of Writers.

Uchisangana Gorky

Kakawanda, Bhabheri akasangana Bamba Gorky, uyo akanyatsotevera basa rake uye akatsigira nayo. Pakafa mwanakomana Gorky, Bamba Peshkov, Aleksey Maksimovich akakoka Isaac Emmanuilovich kune nemasiraidhi ake. Pano akararama kubva May kusvika June 1934. Zvegore, muna August, Bhabheri akapa mharidzo panguva I All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers.

Bhabheri: Biography uye basa yechipiri yezana 1930s.

In yechipiri yezana 1930s basa Isaaka Emmanuilovicha akabatanidza ainyanya chete mabhuku okugadzira zvinhu kurapwa nedzimwe vanyori. Zvikurukuru, Bhabheri akanga achishanda ari screenplay parutivi zvinotevera: maererano chigadzirwa "sei Steel Akanzi kutsamwa" Ostrovsky, inobva nhetembo "Duma aifarira Opanas" Svondo Bagritsky, uyewo pamusoro screenplay pamusoro Bamba Gorky. Akasika mabasa Turgenev kwadzakabva nokuda cinema. Tiri kutaura firimu manyorero inonzi "Bezhin Meadow" nokuti SM Eisenstein. firimu iri, I uti, rakarambidzwa uye kuparadzwa se "ideologically kukwenezverwa". Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutyora munyori Isaac Bhabheri. Biography uye basa rake uchapupu kuti wakange asina kudzingirira mbiri.

Muna 1937, Isaac Emmanuilovich yakashuma pachaunga pamusoro kuguma kutamba ose G. Kotovsky, uye makore maviri gare gare - pamusoro script for "Old Square". Kana upenyu emunyori Zvisinei, harina rakabudiswa, hapana mabasa aya. Mumatsutso 1936 rakasvika wokupedzisira muunganidzwa nyaya yake. Last chokupika paBhabheri kudhindwa - zviri zvido Gore Idzva, izvo dzakabudiswa December 31, 1938 mu "mabhuku pepanhau".

Kusungwa, kuuraya uye vapore

Biography Babel Mikoko mberi kuti May 15, 1939 at Moscow Isaac Emmanuilovich furati uye panguva dacha yake yaiva Peredelkino (apo akanga panguva iyoyo), akanga atsvaka. Panguva kutsvaka vakabata 24 forodha pamwe mumanyoro ake. Naizvozvo, havana kuwanikwa zvakachengetedzwa of FGC. 29-30 June, pashure akatevedzana kuramba kubvunzurudzwa, Bhabheri akapa uchapupu. Zvadaro, muna mashoko akawanda akaramba navo. Muhurukuro yakapiwa panguva kutongwa, Isaac Emmanuilovich akakumbira mukana kupedza basa ravo ichangoburwa. Zvisinei, akanga asina kuita kudaro. Isaac Emmanuilovich vakatongerwa rufu. January 27, 1940 akaurayiwa Bhabheri. Brief Biography kuti miromo yayo kuitira kuti muviri emunyori nomusi iwoyo akanga cremated muna Donskoy wemamonk.

Makore 14 gare gare, muna 1954, Isaac Emmanuilovich kwazvo rehabilitated, nekuti zviito ake haana kuwana corpus delicti. Pashure paizvozvo, gakava yakapoteredza magumo ake uye basa tatangazve. Havana handiregi nhasi. Bhabheri, Biography zvinhu uye iro dzatakurukura - munyori, namabasa ayo, Chokwadi, ndiko kuzivana.