Vakadzi Great masayendisiti uye Zvavakawana. mufananidzo

Dzimwe nguva dzose, maonero nyika yaiva kuti hadzi chechikadzi uye sayenzi - haawirirani. Zvisinei, vanotsvakurudza hadzi, kupa emunhu panguva mumatanho yose yevanhu, kupikisa nokusaruramisira kwakadaro.

Women masayendisiti zvenyika yekare

Kunyange apo Budiriro yaiva kwayo mangwanani ichatonga zvine mbiri, iyo naka vasikana zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko mukana kuita sayenzi. Most vakadzi masayendisiti vaigara muGirisi yekare, pasinei yakaoma patriarchy ushe ipapo.

The yakakurumbira mumiririri yesayenzi kwezvakatipoteredza rakanga Hypatia, vaigara munyika pakupera IV - pakutanga V remakore BC. e. Aiva mwanasikana yakakurumbira musayendisiti Teona Aleksandriyskogo, somugumisiro vaikwanisa kuwana dzidzo. Kuwedzera kune izvozvo, vaidzidzisa muAlexandria nyaya dzakadai uzivi, masvomhu uye nezvenyeredzi, izvo zvakanyorwa mapepa yesayenzi. Hypatia zvakare paiva muvambi: nayo akasika zvakadai dzesayenzi mano, akadai DISTILLATION, ari astrolabe uye hydrometer.

munhukadzi masayendisiti ekare vanogara dzimwe nyika. Tisati nguva yedu kwasvika pamusoro Maria Profetisse, uyo akararama I remakore BC. e. muJerusarema. Uchibata alchemy, vachitevera muenzaniso masayendisiti akawanda iyoyo, raita imwe rakakura kukura kemisitiri ano. Kuti iye runobva kuvamba mvura kudziyisa mamiriro pamusoro hwemvura kugeza uye tanga kuchinja kubva achiri.

Zvakawanikwa nevakadzi vasayendisiti

Pasinei kwazvo kurambidzwa kuenda ruzivo, ivo naka pabonde akaramba kushanda ake zvigadzirwa. Vazhinji Pfungwa dzesayenzi, mazwi, uye siyana namano kuti tinoshandisa munyika yanhasi, inosimbiswa vakadzi masayendisiti.

Saka, kutanga matanho mapurogiramu, zviri vaiva nemumwe mukadzi. Lady Augusta Ada Byron (1815-1851 g), mwanasikana nyanduri akakurumbira, aine makore 17 akazogadzira zvirongwa zvitatu zvinoratidza Analytical nezvaanogona makombiyuta. Izvi kwaiva kutanga chirongwa. Zvinonzi zita rimwe Ada zvirongwa, mukuwedzera, vamiririri nyanzvi zororo iri basa kutenda ndiro rokuberekwa uyu musikana outsinye zvakangwara - musi 10 December.

Kukurukura nyaya "Wokutanga vakadzi masayendisiti," tisingatauri yakajeka mumiriri nguva yake Marii Kyuri (1867-1934 gg.). Ndiwo mukadzi wokutanga paakavapa Nobel Prize kaviri, uye chete musayendisiti munyika kundoitora munzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana. Iye nomurume wake , Pierre Curie, naye vakanga vasina chete mhuri, asiwo zvinhu pamwe, akazivisa makemikari maatomu akafanana polonium. Uyezve, ndeye kwavari kuwanikwa radioactivity, nokuti iyo vakagamuchira soro mubayiro mumunda wefizikisi. Zvinotevera mibayiro atova Chemistry, Mariya Kyuri aiwana akazvifukidza pashure wake afa, kuramba basa rakaoma uye kusimbisa yakaisvonaka Radium.

Kuti aiva pfungwa kurishandisa mushonga pakurapa mavanga uye anomera siyana. Hondo Yenyika Rokutanga, iye pakutanga akasika X-ray michina dzaigona kutakura. Vachikudza vaviri wakazonzi namakemikari chaikosha CI, uyewo chairema nokuyerwa radioactivity Curie.

The mazita vakadzi zvikuru

Hedy Lamarr (1913-2000) - The mumwe wevakadzi yakaisvonaka kwazvo Hollywood, panguva iyoyowo aine chinhu undoubted zvaiti uye unyanzvi. Kuva uyo akaroorwa pamusoro kuda kwavo Fritz Mandla, uyo chaibatanidzwa chombo mubhizimisi, iye akatiza kubva kwaari America, uko akatanga basa somunhu mutambi. Munguva yehondo, iye akaratidza kufarira redhiyo raitungamirirwa torpedoes vakabayira kwayo kubatsira kukura National Council of vavambi. Akapiwa mafungiro munhukadzi pabonde, vakuru havana kuda kubata nayo. Zvisinei, nokuda kukurumbira pakati mutambi, vaisagona iye chete mapfumo. Naizvozvo, paakabvunzwa kuti vabatsire Board, akatengesa guru mari zvisungo. Hedy unyanzvi akamubatsira unganidza vanopfuura mamiriyoni 17. Iye akazivisa kuti munhu akatenga zvisungo zviri mari kwete asingasviki 25,000, akagamuchira kubva kwaari nokutsvoda. Muna 1942 iye, pamwe chete munyori George Antheil, yakaitwa dzidziso kusvetuka dzakakwirira. Izvi kuwanikwa akanga asina vakaonga, asi rinoshandiswa munyika nhasi: mobile phones, Wi-Fi 802,11 uye GPS.

Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) - The musayendisiti mukuru, pakutanga vawana kufamba majini. Zvakanga iye uyo akatanga kurondedzera mhete chromosome, izvo makore akawanda chete vakazotanga kushandiswa kutsanangura majini zvirwere. Dzavo zvakanaka yakakodzerwa Nobel Prize Barbara akagamuchira makore chete 30 gare gare, ava nemakore nemakore 81. Pakazosvika nguva ambuya - musayendisiti akakurumbira - akataura pamusoro zvavo tsvakurudza uye zvakawanikwa munyika.

Vakadzi Russian masayendisiti

Kukura nesayenzi muRussia zvakare zvisingaiti kufungidzira pasina vakadzi vakaita abatsira zvikuru nayo.

Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna (1898-1974) - The inozvikudza microbiologist uye Anodzidza. Zvakanga iye akasika nemishonga - zvinodhaka, pasina iro hazvibviri kufungidzira mushonga ano. Zvinoshamisa, asi kuitira kuti kwesayenzi zvakawanikwa yayo, musikana ane makore 24 okuberekwa utachiona pacharo chinouraya - korera. Kuziva kuti kana iwe usingagoni kuwana mushonga, mazuva aro vakaverengwa, zvichiri kugona kuporesa pacharo. Pave paya, makore 20 gare gare, munguva yehondo, ichi atova mukadzi repakati, musayendisiti huru, akaponesa kubva chirwere chekorera rakakombwa Stalingrad. Vachinzi paakavapa sezvakarayirwa Lenin, uye gare gare Stalin Prize, iye akaisa zvose kuongorora kugamuchirwa ndege. Nokukurumidza, denga ratova kubhururutsa murwi vaitakura zita mukadzi uyu zvinoshamisa.

An mupiro kukuru kuti kukura yakaitwa akaita Adamovna Krausskaya Anna (1854-1941 guta). Akagamuchira musoro muzvinadzidzo pasina kudzivirira kunyora nhoroondo uye akava mukadzi wokutanga muRussia kuti paakavapa ichi honorary dzesayenzi hweHIV.

No zvishoma zvinokosha mupiro zvesayenzi akaita uye Kovalevskaya Sofya Vasilevna (1850-1891) - The Russian yemasvomhu uye injiniya.

Aita mugove mapazi aya sayenzi, asi chinonyanya kukosha tsvakurudzo Kuwanika vaiona vachishandisa kutenderera rinorema asymmetric pamusoro. Zvinofadza kuti Sofya ndiye chete mudzimai panguva, akava purofesa yepamusoro masvomhu kuNorthern Europe. muenzaniso Personal, mukadzi uyu akachenjera Russian inodzidzisa kuti ibudirire uye ruzivo hakutsamiri chechikadzi.

Masayendisiti vakadzi pasi pose

Dzinenge dzose anozvikudza vakadzi zvikuru, nokuda iyo mave kuchinja mune zvesayenzi.

Pakati akanaka pabonde, iyo nyika yose anoziva, zita rinonzwika Rachel Luiz Karson (1907-1964), zvipenyu, dzinoshanda pamusoro zvezvakatipoteredza. Muna 1962, iyi mukadzi kare repakati, musayendisiti mukuru, kwakasimbiswa rondedzero pamusoro migumisiro kwemishonga yezvipembenene pamusoro zvokurima, iyo manyawi nyika nesayenzi. Her bhuku "Hondo Silent" kwakaita kuti anotyisa kwa makemikari vagadziri vanopedza mari yakawanda pamusoro baiting Rachel. Zvinonzi bhuku rino razova riwedzere nokuda pakusika vazhinji kudzivirira evanhu fambisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Charlotte Gilman (1860-1935) - The co-muvambi rainge rakabudirira revakadzi raive kufamba munyika. Nemhaka yake hunoshamisa tarenda kumunyori akakwanisa kuwana ruzhinji ngwariro vakadzvinyirirwa nzvimbo nevakadzi.

Harimboonekwi kudzidza vakadzi masayendisiti

Public kufunga zvakasimba akazvidzwa uye riite basa nevakadzi. Research masayendisiti vakadzi panguva iyoyo haana kuda kurega Zvisinei, uye vari munzira yavo zvinovhiringidza. Kunyanya, kugadzirira kwemazita kwesayenzi, mukusiyana dzavo dzechirume navo, akavapa tanetseka chaizvo.

Research Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958 g) kudzidza DNA vakabudirira zvikuru, asi vasina kuzivikanwa muupenyu hwake.

Uyewo, vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti mumwe havaoni zvombo zvenyukireya aiva naka pabonde - Liza Meytner (1878-1968 g). It yakapatsanuka kuti uranium exchange neerekitironi vakagumisa kuti cheni maitiro inogona vaunze guru kusunungurwa simba.

Kugona chombo simba kupfuura munyika kwakaita chihombe pachena mhinduro. Zvisinei, chokwadi pacifist, Lisa amira tsvakurudzo ake, vachiramba kuti bhomba. Zvakaguma zvinyorwa vake vakanga vasina kuzivikanwa, uye pachinzvimbo Nobel Prize wakaunganidza bhururu wake Otto Hahn.

Okutanga vakadzi masayendisiti

Zvakaoma kuona mupiro kwakaitwa vakadzi masayendisiti kukura nyika nesayenzi. Pamudzi akawanda nedzidziso nhasi vaiva naka pabonde, mazita anowanzoshandurwa asina pachena chaizvo. Kuwedzera kuita izvi, vakadzi ndezvaJehovha vakadai matongo se:

• kometi Chokutanga - Maria Mitchell (1847);
• zvakafanana shanduka nemidzi murume ane tsoko - Dzheyn Gudoll (1964);
• periscope - Sarah Meter (1845);
• silencer nokuti motokari - El Dolores Dzhons (1917);
• Dishwasher - Geris Josephine Cochrane (1914);
• corrector nokuti Typos - Betti Grem (1956), uye vamwe vakawanda.

Mupiro nyika nesayenzi

Zvisinganzwisiswi kuti sayenzi ayo Kugadzirwa crazier ari naka pabonde, uyo aitsigira pane mumatanho ose emunhu. Women masayendisiti munyika chakakonzera kuti maindasitiri akadai:

• Physics;
• kemesitiri;
• mushonga;
• uzivi;
• mabhuku.

Zvisinei, zvinosuwisa, hatina yakawanikwa mazita ose pavasikana vaishanda kubatsira vanhu, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti basa ravo akakodzera kuremekedza.

Mafungiro kuvakadzi masayendisiti munyika yanhasi

Nokuda naka pabonde, uyo akaramba akaratidza kodzero dzayo kuita zvesayenzi, nzanga yemazuva ano iri pakupedzisira akabvuma wakaenzana pavo. Nhasi, pamwe chete nevarume nevakadzi kupfuurira kushanda kukura nevanhu. Get nedhigirii kana wokuva vakadzi havachaoni sokuti chinhu hazviiti, asi nzira yomumba kwakadaro kwave refu uye zvakaoma.

Cleverest mukadzi XX remakore

Chinozikamwa vakadzi masayendisiti kushanda munguva yedu.

Shtern Lina Solomonovna, Musayendisiti uye physiologist, waiva mukadzi wokutanga akabvuma kuti Academy of Sciences of USSR.

Skorohodova Olga Ivanovna - mukadzi repakati, musayendisiti mukuru. Rondedzero pamusoro zvaiva Deafblind vachiri akanyorwa muna madenderedzwa zvesayenzi. A unyanzvi chiremba, nyika chete matsi-mbeveve mukadzi musayendisiti.

Dobiash-Christmas Olga Antonovna kuRussia uye Soviet wenhoroondo uye munyori, akava unoenderana nhengo Academy of Sciences of USSR.

Ladygina-nezvirugu zvamakwai Nadezhda - wokutanga musayendisiti zoopsychologists muRussia.

Pavlova Mariya Vasilevna, wokutanga musayendisiti-Mazvikokota.

Glagoleva-Arkadieva Alexandra Andreevna, yefizikisi. mudzimai uyu akagamuchira mukurumbira pasi pose uye akava chiremba sciences mumuviri akarongeka.

Lebedeva Olga Sergeevna, mushanduri uye nyanzvi, akavamba Society of Oriental Studies, honorary sachigaro waiva ramangwana.

Lermontov Julia Vsevolodovna zvizere Zvisinei zvaienderana nezita raro yakakurumbira,, mune imwe nzvimbo. Aiva wokutanga hadzi kemisiti, paakavapa mwero Dhokotera Science.

Klado Tatiana Nikolaevna - vokutanga-aerologist mukadzi zvose muRussia uye munyika.

Kuva wokutanga mumunda kwavo, vakaratidza muenzaniso wakanaka kune vakawanda. Vakadzi ava ndiyo zvakakodzera kudada se yokumusha uye nyika nesayenzi, kwaaiitwa tichikoshesa mupiro kuti vakaita.

mhedziso

Pasinei nezvinetso, vakadzi masayendisiti vave vachishanda nesimba kuti varatidze kodzero yavo ruenzano. A kufamba mberi kuti vakaita zvinoita, zvakaoma kuona. Izvi mukadzi cleverest immortalized mazita avo ari zvachose akazaruka, kuva muenzaniso kushinga uye ushingi.