Federal Republic of Nigeria: hurongwa hwehurumende, hukuru, huwandu hwevanhu

Federal Republic of Nigeria iri muWest Africa. Iyi ndiyo nyika inogarwa nevanhu vakawanda munyika ino uye imwe yehupfumi hwayo yakasimba zvikuru. Ichi chinyorwa chichatarisa pamusoro pehurongwa hwehurumende yeNigeria, chizvarwa, mutauro, zvivako maguta uye nzvimbo dzinofarira nyika.

Nigeria kune mepu yeAfrica: zvikamu zvezvimbo

Nharaunda yenyika iyi 924 mamiriyoni makiromita (nzvimbo 10 pane kondinendi mukukura). Hurumende iyi iri kumahombekombe eGulf of Guinea (nzvimbo - West Africa). Nigeria inogumira kune dzimwe nyika ina: Niger, Benin, Cameroon neChad. Izvo zvinoda kuziva kuti nenyika yekupedzisira muganhu unongova mumvura chete - inofamba pamwe chete negungwa rezita rimwe chete.

853 makiromita - iyi ndiyo yakareba urefu hwegungwa reHurumende yeNigeria. Mepu inoratidzawo kuti mhenderekedzo yenyika yacho yakave yakavezwa yakadzika nemakungwa akadzika, marambi uye mazhinji migwagwa. Maererano navo, nenzira, zvikepe zvinogona kupfuura kubva kumuganhu neBenin uye kusvika kumuganhu neCameroon, pasina kusiya Nyika Yenyika. Masango makuru eNigeria ndeLagos, Port Harcourt, Bonnie.

Nzizi mbiri mbiri pane dzose dzenyika (Niger pamwe nechekupedzisira kwayo yeBenue) dzinoparadzanisa Nigeria muzvikamu zviviri: kumaodzanyemba (flat) uye kuchamhembe (zvishoma zvakakwirira, zvakadzika). Nzvimbo yakakwirira -Gomo Chappal-Waddi (2419 mamita) - iri pamuganhu neCameroon.

Guta guru reNigeria uye maguta makuru

MuNigeria nhasi mune mazana maviri emaguta. Gumi rawo rinogona kutaridzirwa semamiriyoni.

Lagos ndiro guta guru pane dzose muNigeria chete, asi muAfrica yose. Maererano nekufungidzira kwakasiyana-siyana, ine vanhu pakati pemamiriyoni gumi nematanhatu. Kusvikira muna 1991, yaiva guta guru reNigeria. Inenge 50% yezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi enyika yacho zvichiri kuiswa pano.

Inenge makiromita zana kuchamhembe kweLagos kune rimwe guta guru-Ibadan. Iko musha kune vanenge 2.5 mamiriyoni evanhu, vazhinji vavo vari vanhu veYoruba. Kumusoro kweNigeria, nzvimbo yakakura yevanhu inonzi Cano.

Iko guta guru reNigeria ndiro guta reAbrija - chete rechisere nehuwandu munyika. Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, Lagos yakanga yakanyanya kupararira. Nokudaro, zviremera zvakasarudza kuendesa guta racho mukati mehurumende. Chisarudzo chakawira paguta duku reBudja, riri mukati mezvakanaka Jos Plateau. Kuti agadzirire hutsva hutsva, vagadziri vomuJapan vakokwa. Nhasi muBudja ndiko kugara kweMutungamiri wenyika, pane hurumende hurumende, yunivhesiti uye masangano akawanda ekutsvakurudza.

Zvikamu zvehurumende yenyika

Dare reJure Federative Republic yeNigeria isangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinoita zvematongerwo enyika, kunyange zvazvo simba rose munyika iyo ndeye PDP (People's Democratic Party). Paramende yeNigeria ine makamuri maviri. Nhamba yese yevatongi - 469 vanhu. Paramende inosarudzwa zvakare makore ose mana.

Mutungamiri weNigeria anonzi mukuru wehurumende uye anotungamirira mauto ehondo. Akasarudzwa kwemakore mana nevheti yakananga uye yakavanzika.

Federal Republic of Nigeria yakawana rusununguko rwayo muna 1960. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, yaiva imwe yevaBritain makoloni. Nyika yemazuva ano yakakamurwa kuva makumi matatu nemazana uye imwe guta.

Chipfeko chemaoko, mureza uye mari yenyika

"Kubatana uye kutenda, rugare uye kufambira mberi" - iyi ndiyo mhedziso ine chikwata chemauto cheNigeria, chakagamuchirwa muna 1979. Inotaridzika senhovo yakasviba ine mhepo yakachena yakaita somukati mukati. Maererano nekugadzirwa kwemuchinjikwa, kutungamirirwa (chimiro) chemiganhu miviri mikuru yeNigeria pamapu - Niger neBenue - inofungidzirwa. Pamativi ose maviri nhovo inotsigirwa nemabhiza esirivha, uye pamusoro payo inomira ichidada gondo rvuku-chiratidzo chesimba noukuru. Iyo jasi reNigeria riri pamusoro pegirati yegirini, iyo yakazara nemaruva enyika ino - Costus spectabilis.

Mureza weNigeria wakabvumirwa kunyange kare - munaOctober 1960. Iyo jira ine mapoka matatu akaenzana - machena mukati-kati (inofanidza nyika) uye ruvara zviviri pamativi (chiratidzo chepfuma yepanyika yeNigeria). Iyi sarudzo yakagadzirwa nemudzidzi weYunivhesiti yeIbadan Michael Akinkunmi. Mushandi wake wepakutanga, zuva rakanga ririwo pamucheka wakachena, asi mutemo wakasarudza kubvisa ichi chinhu.

Mari yenyika yeNigeria ndeNigeria yeNaira, iyo inosanganisira mari uye mabhizinesi emasangano akasiyana. Pamari yeyi nyika yeAfrica unogona kuona mifananidzo yakasiyana-siyana yemasikirwo: vakadzi vane pitcha pamisoro yavo, vagari vomunharaunda, vabati vehove uye bhanga, pamwe nezvimwe zviitiko zvepanyama. Mari yeNigeria inonzi kobo.

Vagari, machechi nemitauro

Vanenge mamiriyoni 180 vanhu vanogara muNigeria nhasi. Vanyori vemadhimoni vanofanotaura kuti pakati pezana remakore rino nyika inogona kupinda mumatunhu mashanu enyika inotungamira munyika maererano nehuwandu hwevanhu (ikozvino Nigeria inongova yechinomwe mune ichi chiratidzo). Paavhareji, mumwe mukadzi weNigeria anobereka vana 4-5 muupenyu hwake.

Sangano reFederal Republic of Nigeria harina huwandu hunoratidza huwandu hwevanhu. Nokudaro, nyika inotora nzvimbo yechitatu munyika kuti utapukirwe nehutachiona hweHIV, nzvimbo yegumi - pachiyero chekufa kwevana. Mukutaura kweruzhinji rwekutarisira hupenyu hweNigeria - iyo 220 mupasi.

Nyika yacho ine chimiro chechitendero chakashata: 40% ndevaKristu, 50% maMuslim. Pachikonzero ichi, kukakavadzana, kuuraya uye kurwiswa kwemagandanga kunowanzoitika muhurumende. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinotyisa zvechitendero muNigeria ndiyo sangano guru reBoko Haram, rinotsigira kutanga kweSharia munyika yose.

MuNigeria, vanotaura mumitauro inopfuura 500. Izvo zvakanyanya kwavari - etik, yoruba, edo, igba, imba. Kazhinji ivo vanoshandiswa pakukurukurirana pachevamwe, vamwe vanodzidza kunyange muzvikoro (mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika). Mutauro wepamutemo weNigeria ndiChirungu.

Economy uye muitiro wekurarama muNigeria

Imari yemazuva ano yeNigeria inogona kurondedzerwa mune rimwe shoko rimwechete: mafuta. Pano, hurukuro huru pane dzose dzeAfrica dzinoongororwa. Iko hupfumi hwenyika, mari uye mari yehurumende inobatana zvikuru nekudhonza kwepfuma iyi yepanyama. Mari yehurumende yeNigeria ine 80% yakazadzwa nokutengesa mafuta nemafuta.

Pasinei nokuvapo kwepfuma yakawanda ye "golide dema", vanogara muNigeri vanorarama zvakanyanya. Inopfuura 80% yevanhu vomunyika yacho iripo madhora maviri pazuva. Panguva imwecheteyo, dambudziko remvura uye kushaya simba kwegesi rakaoma kwazvo muhurumende.

Chimwe chikamu chinokosha chehupfumi hwepasi rose ndiyo nharaunda yekushanyirwa. MuNigeria, kune chimwe chinhu chingaona: mhandara yemusikana, savannahs, mvura zhinji uye nhamba yakawanda yezvakaitika kare uye zvetsika. Zvisinei, kusimbiswa kwehupfumi hwehupfumi hunoramba huri pasi.

Industry uye Foreign Trade

Vanenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana muzana rekushanda kweNigeria rinoshandiswa mumakambani emabhizimisi. Vanobatanidzwa mukudururwa kwemafuta, marasha uye tini, kubereka kamba, marangi emabhanhire, machira, mafuta emichindwe uye simenti. Zvokudya, makemikari indasitiri, pamwe chete nekugadzira shangu zvakagadzirwa.

Oiri muNigeria yakawanikwa muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Nhasi, nhamba dzinoverengeka dzemakambani ehurumende, pamwe chete neNational Oil Company yenyika yacho, inobatanidzwa muchikwata chayo. Chetatu chetatu che "ndarama dema" yakatumirwa kutumirwa kunze - kuUnited States neWestern Europe.

Ichokwadi kuti chikamu chekudya cheNigeria chinotengeswa kunze kwemafuta nemafuta (anenge 95%). Uyezve, cocoa uye rubber zvinotengeswa kune dzimwe nyika. Vakuru vekutengeserana vemuNigeria ndeU.SA, Brazil, India, China, Netherlands, Spain.

Tourism muNigeria: zvikamu, mavara, njodzi

Nei Nigeria iri kukwezva vatashanyi? Chokutanga chezvose - maitiro akanaka. Munyika ino unogona kudada mvura yemvura, enda kumusango chaiyo kana safari muSana. Mitengo yekufambisa, sekutonga, yakanyanya kwazvo. Vagari vomunharaunda havatauri vatashanyi kushanyira delta yeNiger, uyewo kuchamhembe kwenyika umo sangano rakakura "Boko Haram" rinoshanda zvikuru.

Pakati pese, pane zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana izvo zvinopesana zvikuru nekufambisa kwekushanyirwa munyika. Izvi ndezvi:

• Urombo hunokosha hwevanhu;
• High crime crime;
• Kurwisana kunopesana kwechitendero uye kutambudzwa kwegandanga;
• Migwagwa yakaipa.

Kunyange zvakadaro, vatashanyi kuNigeria vanouya uye vanobva pano vanenge madhora mabhiriyoni gumi pagore.

Embassy yeNigeria iri muMoscow, paMalaya Nikitskaya Street, 13.

Nzvimbo dzekushanyirwa dzinofamba munyika

MuRepublic of Nigeria mune nzvimbo mbiri dziri pasi pekuchengetedzwa kweUNESCO: nharaunda yeSukur uye Osun-Osogbo Grove.

Munharaunda yeOshogbo, pamahombekombe eAsun River, kune nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana iyo iwe unogona kuona zvifananidzo, nzvimbo tsvene nemamwe mabasa eunyanzvi hwevanhu veYoruba. Muna 2005 yakava UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nzvimbo tsvene, kunze kwezvakaitika kare uye tsika, inewo kukosha kwepanyama. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikamu zvishomanana zve "sango rakakwirira" rakapona kumaodzanyemba kweNigeria. Anenge mazana mana emiti yemichero anokura pano.

Inofadza kuvashanyi uye guta guru rehurumende - Abuja. Zvivako zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa muguta rino ndiro kuvakwa kweCentral Bank uye National Mosque. Iyo yekupedzisira yakavakwa muna 1984. Ichi chivako chikuru chine nzvimbo yakakura yedenga nemine minarets, iyo yakakwirira kusvika mamita 120. Zvinonakidza kuti vaMuslim vanogonawo kupinda mumusangano uyu.

Mhedziso

Federal Republic of Nigeria iri muWest Africa uye ine nzvimbo yakakura yeAlantic Ocean. Pfuma yakawanda yenyika iyo mafuta, pane zvayakanyatsogadzirisa hupfumi hwose hwehurumende huzungunuka.

MuNigeria, pane vanhu vane mamiriyoni 180 (sa2015). Vanenge 80% vavo vanogara pasi peurombo. MuNigeria, vanotaura mitauro 500, kunyange zvazvo Chirungu chiri chepamutemo.