Uropi. Tsvina yeuropi: chimiro uye basa, zvirwere

The dzinonakidza zvikuru chikamu Muviri womunhu wayo musoro, ndiro saka simba uye dzinongoitika regulator - uropi. Hunde pakati uropi, cerebellum uye vaviri Hemisférios Cerebrais - Ndivo "nhengo" anoumba kuti "pakombiyuta" mhando iyi. Ndizvo chete, kufanana nedzimwe nhengo, uropi hunde asingatani zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Tichataura zvakawanda pamusoro pavo.

General ruzivo pamusoro uropi

Uropi (uropi hunde ndechimwe chikuru zvinoumba musimboti tsinga regulator) - iri huru muviri zvinosanganisira mabhiriyoni 20-25 Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Pavanondirwisa dzinoshanda paumbwe zvakaoma nemagetsi nomunhu kuti kudzora kushanda yose muviri.

Uropi hwomunhu ane yakavimbika uye rakasimba vakadzivirirwa chimiro dehenya. Zvimwe chinodzivirira kwaari uye zvitatu anoshongwa:

• makasimba;
• munyoro;
• arachnoid.

Murevereri yaiva pakati unodzivirira anoshongwa uye musana, munhu musana fluid kana cerebrospinal mvura. Kuti doro ichaongororwa nehana absorb, iro kunodzivirira anorovera uye chero zvokuimba kukuvara uropi hwedu imwe mhando. brainstem (aizivikanwawo pfungwa hunde) anonzi chinokosha chikamu regulator hwaro. Verenga zvakawanda nezvazvo uye pamusoro chii nezvimwe zvikamu uropi, kutaura.

Ndezvipi zvivako ndiyo uropi?

The uropi vaiona kuva rakaoma yepakutanga uye kunzwisisa chaizvo zvenhengo kushanda se clockwork. Kazhinji, inoitwa madhipatimendi shanu:

• agumise;
• zvenguva;
• shure (kwazvinoita bhiriji uye cerebellum);
• svikiro;
• oblongata.

Mukuwedzera, uropi hwomunhu rakakamurwa zvivako zvikuru zvitatu, kusanganisira:

• cerebral cortex;
• ari basal ganglia;
• thalamus;
• cerebellum;
• brainstem.

Zvose pamusoro mamiriro aine zvikuru basa, uyewo nezvaanoita basa uye kudzivirira uropi.

Chii uropi hunde panguva munhu?

Brainstem mune vanhu anonzi kuti mumwe mukuru nhengo dzomuviri controller, zvinosanganisira uropi hunde nuclei (anonziwo cranial tsinga nuclei), uye vasomotor, kufema, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha kuti chakaipa upenyu munhu wose.

Riri pakati micheto yakakura buri occipital munzvimbo musoro akakungurutsa mukati dehenya. dzimwe nguva About uropi hunde iri akati zvaiita yakareba musana. Izvi imhaka yokuti mitumbi vaviri rusununguko pasina muganhu zvakajeka uye kwakajairika.

brainstem (Chimiro uye ayo mashandiro dzinorondedzera pazasi) ane kureba akaenzana masendimita 7 chete. It rinoumbwa anonyanya svikiro uye medulla oblongata uye pons. Kazhinji muuropi hunde mberi zvinosanganisira zvakare midbrain kusvika cerebellum.

Zvakawanda pamusoro marongerwo uye mashandiro anoita uropi hunde zvikamu

Imwe neimwe zvinoumba ari brainstem ine maitiro ayo uye mabasa. Somuenzaniso, paavhareji uropi anoonekwa kuti mumwe mukuru madhipatimendi, riri basa chokupika rinoonekwa uye auditory womunhu centre.

Maererano mabhuku pamusoro anatomi, kureva midbrain ndohwaJehovha muuropi hunde, anokwanisa kudzora kuchinja nzvimbo uye chimiro mboni (nokubatsirwa kwayo vanogona kuwedzera uye unyana). Uye chokwadi, iye zvakananga kukonzera kwerunyararo tsandanyama matauriro nameso edu uye anobvumira kuti zvakakwana dzokumabvazuva nesu muchadenga.

Oblong uropi, riri nokuda mamiriro chinokosha anonzi mudzi, ndiye unodzivirira hunenge akadai sneezing (pamwe chikosoro kana allergens), vangakosora uye kunyange kurutsa. Uyezve, zviri chikamu ichi uropi kunobatsira waidzora kufema maitiro uye ndiye anokonzera ishande zvemwoyo uye zvomudumbu nehurongwa.

Pons - zvakare chinokosha regulator wedhipatimendi yaisanganisira ari hunde pakati uropi (marongerwo uye mashandiro anofanira kuzivikanwa navose vanoda kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro kwevanhu anatomi). muviri uyu rudzi nekamukwavarara pakati musoro uye musana, sezvo basa nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko kubva chikamu chimwe muviri mumwe.

Cerebellum - uropi, riri basa Kufambisa nemafambiro kwevanhu, kuchinja uye dzigadziridzwe mwero uye Chokwadi tsandanyama matauriro. Riri zvishoma pazasi pons uye medulla oblongata (ari occipital lobes).

Midbrain - Department iri pamusoro midbrain. Ndiye anokonzera kuipa kushanda kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero (izvo anodzora anokosha ari thyroid uye adrenal mumasero).

Ndivo zvinoshamisa zvikamu uropi vanobva dzekare dziripo uye kushanda mumiviri yedu.

Ndezvipi nuclei ari cranial tsinga?

Sezvatambotaura kare, musimboti cranial tsinga kuitika muuropi hunde. Ivo dziri munzvimbo zvenguva nharaunda pakati musana uye elongated zvikamu uropi, uye zvishoma kukanganisa zambuko.

Maererano nenyanzvi, chinoumba Data kuchibva tsinga, izvo zvinenge gumi. Zvisinei, vose sei nemamiriro uropi hunde, sezvo, sezvinoita octopus hombe, akarinyika "tentacles" ayo muuropi hunde uye zvakasikwa wandei pamatavi.

The pamazita tsinga, chete chikamu nuclei vangazivikanwa:

• olfactory uye ziso;
• allocating uye zvakatarisana;
• oculomotor uye misa;
• trigeminal uye glossopharyngeal;
• trigeminal uye kutsvakatsvaka;
• sublingual uye dzimwe.

Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe cores ndiye anokonzera yakasiyana yezvakaita innervation (kubatana kwakaita nhengo dzomukati uye nhengo achishandisa tsinga harinzwi) uye anozadzika basa rayo. Somuenzaniso, tsanga-ukama pathetic, vane basa allocating ziso chinzvimbo pasi uye kurutivi.

Two nemhando tsanga kukubvumira kudzora tsandanyama ari dokeriro, mukanwa uye pharynx. Ndokusaka zvinotungamirira inzwi redu, chirongwa dög uye nekunyatsotsanangura (emashoko Kutaura rinonzwika zvinonzwika). Wana ruzivo pamusoro zvakananga kugadzwa nuclei ose cranial tsinga, vanogona kudzidza uye kushanda uropi hunde.

Ko uropi chokumisa?

Brain hunde ane vanoverengeka chikamu miviri uye chikamu zvikamu, izvo basa rinokosha muupenyu nomumwe wedu. Saka, nemhaka kwaari, tine mukana kunzwa munhuwi maruva, kunonga ruzha uye kunzwisisa kutaura kwevanhu, achitaura dzinonetsa nyaya mukushandisa pfungwa, ona nyika uye kunzwa nokubata kwake.

Chikamu chakakura hunde features, maererano nenyanzvi, chaitwa nokuvapo nuclei uye tsinga harinzwi mavari. Vakawanda vavo vari nemauto auditory, rinoonekwa uye kuravidza wotungira. Sezvo ari musana uye pfungwa hunde, vane ukama hwepedyo mumwe, chikuru chinangwa rokutanga vaiona kuti uchatamisa zvose mirairo epfungwa vamwe muviri zvose. Kureva, uropi hunde ane processor ane waya iyo unopfuura magetsi. Nokuti zvinokosha zvikuru kuti akuteerere waivako kwayo. Zvikasadaro, wose hurongwa kuchakona, uye nemagetsi nomunhu zviri chinopfuudzwa avo kwavaiendeswa.

Brain (uropi hunde): Matambudziko uye Zvirwere

Pasinei hombe ezvinhu, imwe nhengo mumuviri zvingabudirira kupera. Kakawanda izvi imhaka kuvapo chero yokukuvara kana zvemamiriro growths, uye dzimwe nguva ndiye migumisiro chinhu nengozi.

Saka, pane hosha dzakawanda chokuita kukuvara sero kana chinoumba zvikamu uropi hunde:

• Kurohwa, pfungwa hunde;
• Bundu inotungamirwa ari hunde yacho;
• chordoma;
• ischemia;
• aneurysm;
• epidermoid;
• vascular malformation;
• meningioma;
• cysts.

Kana zvichiita nokuvatema brainstem?

Kazhinji kacho kukonzera shamhu matambudziko nemidziyo ropa. Uye kana munhu ane utano hwakanaka (kunyanya pane muduku) vane kwakavharwa nenyama uye simba, pamwe makore avo masvingo kuva mutete uye zvinowanzosanganiswa akafuka mhando Dombo.

The zvakasimbisa nokuti clogging midziyo ropa kunogona kuva inopinza kumanikidzwa ichidonhedzera mumuviri wako. Somugumisiro, havagoni kukunda mutoro, tsinga, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kunyange atsamwira. Somugumisiro, zvavaisiita kufamba kweropa zvisisakwanisiki, uye pane kukundwa uropi hunde.

Kurohwa mashandiro chiito ichi nyaya inoitika sezvinotevera: kutanga, mumwe occluded chepfungwa midziyo, ipapo hombodo ngarava rusvingo, uye pane ropa, zvinoita kuti paumbwe haematomas. Akaratidzika akadzivira vascular maronda vamwe uye asingauyi kumutendera oxygen. Zvadaro, kupomba simba haina vaipa pfungwa hunde, pane kutadza, uye dzimwe nhengo haagoni kushanda zvakanaka.

Sei chinhu ischemic sitiroko?

Ischemic Shamhu ichaongororwa kupfuura ngozi mhando zvirwere uropi midziyo. Maererano vanachiremba, dambudziko iri rikwanise kusagadzikana kweropa uye dzinokuvadza kuti uropi. Saka ropa harigoni kupinda dzimwe nzvimbo regulator, pane kukanganisa mamiriro avo (razmyakanie), iyo inosvitsa zvizere tishu rufu. Uyu kukurumidza uye kusingarapiki.

Kazhinji, zvakadai zvakaipa sezvo ischemia, anotungamirira cheshuga, rheumatism, neBP kana atherosclerosis.

Naizvozvo, kuti vadzivise migumisiro yakaipa, zvinokosha kuti nenguva zvikavengwa kurapa pfungwa hunde, uyewo kubvisa ruripo zvirwere zvinogona kutungamirira ischemia.

Api kwouropi hunde anomera vari?

All mapundu pfungwa hunde unogona kukamurwa pfumbamwe marudzi. Ivo:

• chikuru hunde (hunde kuoneka kubva hosha munyama);
• exophytic-hunde (munguva cerebellum kana ventricle membranes uye ipapo kungapfuurira Upfu);
• yechipiri-hunde;
• cerebellar (kwacho zvavo munzvimbo yacho cerebellum rinowanika tsoka uye ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma anopararira kusvika hunde);
• Lozenge (pane munzvimbo wedhaimondi serin'i indentations);
• parastvolovymi;
• deforming (kuguma kuchinja chimiro muuropi hunde).

Uyewo akawana diffuse mumatenhere uropi hunde, untreatable uye kazhinji kacho chinourayisa. Yeuka kuti pakazvimba kunoitika apo masero omuviri anotanga kugovera zvakanaka.

Chii glioma?

Gliomas vanoonekwa nyanyisa anomera. Nemamwe mashoko, kana padzakacherechedza vanachiremba kazhinji akaonekwa "kenza CNS" (nechepakati tsinga). mhando iyi anomera hadziwanzowaniki kuti vana kuenda kukireshi zera.

Zvisinei, vari kunzi zvikuru hasha mhando kenza zvoita kuti nokukurumidza kuwedzera zvakakanganisika uye kuparadzwa utano tishu. Akanyanya bundu ichi masero nokukurumidza mugovane ndokuwarira pamusoro rebei kure nenzvimbo dzidzo yavo zvikuru.

Zvakaipira chezvidhindo akadaro tyisa pakuti bundu anotanga kukura zvakananga muuropi hunde, ichivharira ropa kuyerera uye okisijeni kune dzimwe nhengo. Zvadaro, bundu uropi hunde muvana uye kuyaruka chikoro zera kana vanhu vakuru kungaita kuti vasanyatsoona, kunzwa, kutaura, uye kunyange rutivi rwomuviri.

Ndechipi diffuse nebundu inotungamirwa?

Benign uye nyanyisa mapundu dzakasiyana kukura unodiwa. Saka, mumutsetse wokutanga, asi mapundu anogona kukura kwemakore uye regai kuuya chero kukuvadza pavanatenzi vavo. Wechipiri Kusiyana neizvi, vari kukura nokukurumidza.

Uye chokwadi, zvichienderana mhando uye bundu chirwere, bundu kungava operably kana kwete (haisi pasi kuvhiya kupindira). Zviri nezvokunetseka dzakadaro uye diffuse mumatenhere muuropi hunde. It kunoratidzwa kusavapo partitions pakati lesion uye medulla zvizere. Uye dzimwe nguva zvinonzi zvakanyatsobatana kwazvo chete chaionekwa zambuko, kuti havambofi kubviswa zvakanaka, pasina kunokuvadza uropi.

Pazera ripi uropi hunde yamamota munogona vana?

Maererano kwemakore akawanda kutsvakurudza nyanzvi, namamota munogona vose vana nevakuru. Uyezve, ngozi yokurwara ngozi kuti ekupedzisira kunoitika munguva pakati matatu nemapfumbamwe makore. Zviri pazera nhoroondo iyi inenge 7-11% nyaya muuduku zvirwere.

Zvichienderana Ndeupi nhengo dzomuviri vane bundu kuchimuka mumwe mwana, anogona kuva chiso asymmetry uye strabismus, dzungu nezvimwe zviratidzo, izvo isu achakurumidza kuudza. Saka chii vari zviratidzo kuchengetwa varwere namamota uye nokuvhiringidzirwa uropi hunde, uye nei kuitika?

VaBennett pfungwa hunde chirwere

Pakati zvikonzero iyo kuonekwe uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvirwere uropi hunde, ndedzinotevera:

• siyana vascular zvirwere;
• kunotevera cranial dhipatimendi;
• zvakakanganisika vasospasm (kutungamirira nokuvhiringidzirwa ropa kuyerera);
• kusvuta uye doro;
• huta breakdowns uye kunetseka mupfungwa;
• kuedza uye hwakanyanya upenyu mhando;
• rwara zvokudya uye mararamiro;
• dzose kunwa mvura yakasvibiswa.

Uye chokwadi, chimwe chikonzero kukura kwezvirwere (mumwe wavo - glioma uropi hunde) anonzi kuva vachiberekwa anomaly. Kunyange zvazvo ariko, uye iwe unogona haana kuziva. Kazhinji, unogona chete kuziva achibatsirwa specialized pakutsvakurudza yekuongororwa.

Hongu, uye zvingasava Usarwa imi zvachose. Asi kamwe unokwanisa akuvara kana shoma dhumhira mumusoro, sezvo zvichava kutanga muna nengetani maitiro, pakupedzisira zvichiita kuti kukura chirwere ane ngozi.

How pachena mota inotungamirwa?

Kuti tizive kuvapo bundu inotungamirwa kunogona kuva kwenguva dzakasiyana-siyana zviratidzo. Somuenzaniso, ari brainstem matambudziko anogona kuitika kana chero isingatarisirwi dzungu uye kurwadziwa syndromes.

Mukuwedzera, varwere zvinoodza kuva matambudziko kuona uye gwenya kufambisa, kunzwa. Vanewo Zvinyamusi zvingaitika, nekuvhiri- ngika ari muchadenga uye chitarisiko tremor maoko uye musoro.

Sei nokukurumidza kuziva bundu?

Nyore nzira mangwanani Detective kenza - rinobva resonance kuri wouropi. Maererano nenyanzvi, ichi zvinobatsira chaizvo nzira, kwete akatakura hapana-brainer, ivo vakaongororwa vana. Nzira iri mhando kwouropi Ongororo iri rinokosha muchina. Chinhu chikuru ndechokuti rinopa, - mano okuona kunyange bundu chaizvo duku.

Kusarudza wechipiri kuita chirwere kombiyuta tomography. Zvinoratidzawo mugumisiro pamadziro uye anopa Kunyatsoona vamiririri yezvokurapa ezvinhu omurwere.

How kurapa uropi hunde mota?

Kana bundu rinowanikwa, mishonga inorayirwa kurapa kwakakodzera. Kunyanya, bhendi neoplasms dzine ruvara rwakasiyana uye septum inogona kubviswa nyore nyore. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, murwere anobvisa kubvisa uye anoramba achirarama. Zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvakafanana zvinowanikwa munenge 19-25% yevarwere. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvirwere zvinosvibisa zvinowanikwa kuti hazvikweretesi kune scalpel yechiremba.

Seimwe nzira yekurapa murwere anogona kupiwa rheinheti yehutachiona. Inosanganisira kutarisa kumarara ane X-ray. Maererano nenyanzvi, ndeyekuti inokubvumira kunonoka kukura kwechirwere, kubvisa kudzokorora zvakare, uye dzimwe nguva kugadzirira murwere kuvhiyiwa.

Imwe nzira yekurapa - stereotaxic therapy. Iyi ndeimwe yenzira itsva, zvinoreva kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekujekesa kwemarara. Kunyanya, "Gamma Knife" uye "Cyber-knife" zvinoshandiswa. Muchiitiko chekutanga, murwere anogadza musoro wake ngowani chaiyo uye iri pasi pemirairo yezuva. Uye iyo nzira yacho pachayo inokubvumira kuti uise pfungwa dzako pane imwe nzvimbo yeioplasm. Muchiitiko chechipiri, zvigadzirwa zvebhobhoti pamwe nekugona kwemazuva ano zvinoshandiswa. Ichi chikwata chinogadzirisa chinyararire chiyero uye nguva yekujekesa.

Paunenge uchishandisa chirwere che stereotaxic, varwere, sekutonga, vanenge vasingadi kurwadziwa. Zvisinei, zvisati zvaitwa, varwere vanogoverwa tomography uye magnetic resonance therapy.

Chemotherapy imwe nzira yokurwisa musikana asina kufanira mumuviri. Inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga inokonzerwa ne cytotoxic iyo inobatsira kumisa kukura uye kubvisa kuvhara.

Kuti zvive nemigumisiro yakawanda pakuona incology, nyanzvi dzinogona kushandisa kusanganiswa kwehurongwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chirongwa chemurwere chekudzikinura chinogona kusanganisira mhando dzakawanda dzehutano uye nzira, kusanganisira kupindira kwekuvhiya.

Chii chinonzi HIT-HGG 2007 protocol?

Kurapwa kwevana kunowanzotungamirirwa nemimwe mitemo. Kunyanya, vanachiremba vanogona kushandisa izvo zvinonzi protocol HIT-HGG 2007, iyo inopa kushanda pamwe chete pamwe chete nemhando mbiri dzerapi yemwana (makemikari nemirairo). Uyezve, nekufamba kwenguva, semuenzaniso, kutenderera kwemucheche kana mwana wechidiki chemotherapy kunotora mavhiki masere kusvika mashanu.

Chinangwa chikuru chekurapa uku ndechekuderedza neoplasm pakutanga. Uye radiotherapi munyaya ino inotora basa rekudzora kutema uye inokubvumira kubvisa kukanganisa kunokwanisika kwemaviri apfuura ekurapa.