Unoziva zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Pushkin?

Aliases kunzwisisa basa vadetembi nevanyori nani, verenga zvakawanda pamusoro Biography zvavo. Vanyori vakawanda vanozivikanwa nemazita kuti dzisina kupiwa kwavari pakuzvarwa: Bamba Gorky (AM Peshkov), Anatole France (Anatol Tibo). Nyaya rakazvipira pakupindura mubvunzo: "? Chii chaiva remadunhu- Pushkin"

A vakasvimha dzidziso

Decorations zita rayo mune mabasa evanyori uye vadetembi vari kusaina kuti munhu mabasa vachiri kushandisa mazita zvekunyepera - aliases. Sei izvi zvaitwa?

• Aine maonero kuti kubiridzirwa kusenza.
• Nokuda mukirasi rusaruro.
• In pamberi yakakurumbira namesakes.
• Kuti vabudirire enyambo kushanda.
• Kupa zita sonority uye shamwari akakodzera.
• Kana nzwisa rezvipfuwo. Zvinofadza kuziva ainziwo pamusoro Pushkin muna hwake, kana haana kuziva kuti zvinoshanda akaita vaverengi.

Dmitriev akanyora monograph inopedzerwa "zita venhema" - ". Kuvanza zita rake" Mairi, iye akataura 57 siyana aliases yaishandiswa hachishandi. Somuenzaniso, kusazivikanwa, kana zita achiverengwa nekwekupedzesera: Ivan Krylov - Navi Volyrk; cryptonyms kana kushandiswa initials kana zvimwe abbreviations: K. Batyushkov - B-s.

saka mhuri

Zvinokonzerwa Pushkin achiri nyaya kutsvakurudza masayendisiti, kuita zvose zvakawanikwa zvitsva uye akaedza kutsanangura uchishandisa imwe siginicha iyo mabhuku shasha. zita rake riri ungwandangwanda hwezvinhu pamwe rengano, mumwe icho chine chokuita kuti akaurayiwa ari duel, uye akashanda munguva yemberi pasi zita Dumas. Kuti tinzwisise kuti ndiani aiva muRussia, zvakakodzera kuva noruzivo pamusoro pechisikwa nemidzi yawo. Alexander Pushkin - anobva mumhuri ine akapfuma Pedigree. Ake-guru sekuru - Abhuramu Hannibal, aiva "mboni" Petro I. baba vake, Sergey Lvovich, kuruboshwe muchiuto, kuziva racho mabhuku basa. Aiva nyanduri akakurumbira uye sekuru Vasiliy Lvovich, mumwe wokutanga kuziva tarenda muzukuru wake.

Revatongi kwakatangira uye mazita anoremekedzwa, izvo vaida kupemberera, zvakakonzera ndechokuti munyori haana kutora zvachose zita remadunhurirwa rokuti. Pushkin akamanikidzwa kuisa womumwe siginicha pamusoro dzinoverengeka mabasa vamwe ezvinhu. mhuri nyanduri haana akapfuma, asi kuburikidza simba A. I. Turgeneva jaya rakanga pakati yakanakisisa vana vaine mhuri, nechinangwa pachikoro chitsva - Lyceum kuti iri mune rimwe bapiro youshe Tsarskoye tiiviste, ndicho chiratidzo dzakakwirira nyasha.

Lyceum kumwedzi

Aiva mumwe 30 matarenda majaya akanyoresa mararamiro 10/19/1811 rokutanga, kuramba kushumira zvakanaka Yababa mumadhipatimendi, muuto uye romugungwa. Makore matanhatu, mudetembi mukuru yemberi yaiva pakati wakanakisisa vadzidzisi kuti nguva kukurudzira kuverenga uye kuti kuteerera mutsika uye aesthetic dzidzo. vadzidzi All zvakakwana akanyora ndima wavo - A. Delvig - vakanga senziyo uye akava anthem ari Lyceum. Zviri pano kuti maruva wokufananidzira tarenda remangwana shasha.

Akanga asina kubudirira kwemasvomhu anoranga, asi akanga ari wokutanga zvidzidzo mabhuku wokuRussia. tarenda rake akataura: guru G.Derzhavin wenhoroondo Karamzin, mumwe mudetembi kunoshamisa Vasily Zhukovsky. Username Pushkin akazviratidza pamusoro mapeji mabhuku atova lyceum makore. Ndivo magazini "Yokuzivisa Europe", "Mwanakomana Yababa" uye "Russian Muzeum".

Bhuku rokutanga

Detembo "To shamwari mudetembi" rakanyorwa majaya mumakore 14. Maererano neimwe shanduro, muna 1814 akatumirwa magazini rakabudiswa AV Izmailov, ava nemakore ari shamwari mhuri Pushkin, Aleksandr Delvig. WokuFrance uye concertina (zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Pushkin) shamwari vaiona zvikuru unyanzvi, asi akanga asati chete bhuku, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vokusekondari kare vakakwanisa kusiyanisa pachavo. vapepeti vaifarira nhetembo, asi havana chasainwa, uye munyori yakagamuchira tsamba nezvokukosha kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Signature, raaishandisa - ichi ndicho chokutanga ainziwo Pushkin achiri muduku. Achiongorora zvaive nayo haakonzeri matambudziko, kunyange zvazvo aishanda panguva kusazivikanwa uye krypton: Alexander N.k.sh.p. Akabvisa zita rake kubva mavhawero, achinyora nayo mumwe nzira kumativi.

Zvinonzi anozivikanwa: babamunini vake Vasiliy Lvovich rinowanzoshandiswa panzvimbo siginicha zita pasina mavhawero, asi zvakananga nenzira: P.sh.k.n. Young Pushkin, kune rumwe rutivi, akaratidza rusununguko, pane dzimwe - akaratidza kuti chokuita babamunini-munyori.

mamwe mazita

Mumakore upenyu Lyceum mudetembi akanyora pamusoro nhetembo zana vanobatanidzwa muunganidzwa mabasa. kanokwana yakabudiswa "Journal of Europe", kusaina mabasa N.k.sh.p kwete chete, asi tsamba P. uye tsifronimami Somuenzaniso, 1 ... 14-16. Kana pane nhamba kuti kutsiva pamusoro earufabheti, tichaona kwokutanga zita, last zita uye tsamba yokutanga. Chii remadunhu- Pushkin hwakasiyana unopfuura kubva nzira iyi? Kare ne "netsamba mu Tsarskoye tiiviste" ( "Russian Muzeum"), anoisa rake siginicha. Ndizvo chete nhetembo iyi anouya kwaari abudirire.

utore wake wokufananidzira denderedzwa "Arzamas", izvo zvinosanganisira V. Zhukovsky. Zvadaro, kuyeuka izvi nguva akasaina vamwe zvaakasika: Arz. (Arzamasets) Cm. Al. (Old arzamasets), St ... ch.k (Cricket - remadunhu- pakati denderedzwa nhengo). Iye akasaina mazita venhema. Saka, mapepa maviri akanyorwa nokuda Feofilakt Kosichkina. Found vatsvakurudzi uye zvimwe zvikamu guru nyanduri Yehuda chlamydia, French, D. Davydov, Igor Ivanov, uye kunyange Pushkin J. ainziwo iyi yakashandiswa nhetembo anogona kunzi Yazykovo. Pashure ndatomboenda pamudyandigere kubva pabasa, uye kuva muparidzi, dzimwe nguva Pushkin aida nharo munyori kuti ichi uye vaishandisa mazita aya ose. Mirai panze "Belkin", apo munhanganyaya, munyori kunyange vakakwira pamwe Biography ava kunopera Belkin, ndiyo inonzi muvambi.

Uprofita NM Karamzin

The Russian wenhau huru, aiitawo kuti acho uye pakutanga 1799 akanyora nhetembo "The Uprofita." Kwokupedzisira rwokuyera yakanga mashoko pamusoro kuberekwa muna 1799 hutsva Pindar (Greek nyanduri V-IV remakore. BC. E., The muvambi odic nhetembo). Zvaaifunga zvakaitika. Kuti gore akaberekwa ari shasha mabhuku Russian, iyo yakagadzirirwa muupenyu kukuru. Ngaanyoroveswe kumbobvira akasaina mabasa avo zita yechiGiriki yekare munyori, tinogona kutaura: Pindar - iri rekunyepedzera pakati Pushkin, basa nayo nomurayiro, NM Karamzin.