The Zvinoumba ivhu

Soil kupatsanura kunobva panheyo kufunga ivhu sezvo yakazvimirira inokosha yezvakaita muviri, izvo inogona kupfeka ndima chete zvicherwa, zvinomera uye mhuka. nzira iyi kupatsanura inobva zvivako uye zvimwe kwakabva wevhu. Chikamu chokutanga ivhu pamusoro majini nenheyo Dokuchaev

The chikuru chiratidzo chiri weboka - ndiye rwevhu. Izvi kupatsanura chikwata zvinoreva nevhu vasangana pasi ezvinhu akafanana uye zvakafanana zvivako uye mamiriro.

Zvezvisarudzo akakurumbira tinogona kusiyanisa marudzi anotevera pamusoro nevhu: podzolic, krasnozems, dema ivhu, munyu marshes, uye vamwe. Ivhu mhando vanokamurwa mberi kupinda subtypes pamusoro genera kupinda kwemarudzi uye hwakasiyana-siyana uye mhando.

Subtypes dzinoratidza nevamwe zviri ivhu profile. It rine basa sechinhu Continental ekunze uye chafariz zvemupiro Latitude wongoramba. Subtypes ndivo intermediates pakati mhando.

Uyezve kuparadzana kunoitika genera uye mhando ivhu. Vakawanda genera ivhu: kwakajairika, alkaline, residual-wakawanda, sesaline, Goldstone jecha uye kuonana gley, residual carbonate, residual-oma.

Marudzi ose ivhu ane mamwe nekupesana mukati mhuka. View anoratidza sei akazivisa chirongwa ivhu inotungamirwa, runowanzoitika imwe rwevhu. Uyewo, pakati mhando akaratidza wandei mhando. Zvinonzi chokuita chimwe rwevhu, musiyano izvo zviri zvemaziso chete mamiriro avo. Izvi zvinosanganisira ivhu uye loam, jecha uye jecha loam. Weboka panhengo kunoreva kuti ivhu ine chimiro uye magadzirirwo, asi mubereki zvinhu vaine mavambo.

Various ehupfumi vari zvakananga novimba chii Texture ivhu.

ukoshi Izvi kunoyerwa nhamba akasiyana kadikidiki ivhu nezvimedu uye kunoratidzwa kuva chikamu. Shwashwa, hurungudo uye matombo ane murombo permeability, kusikwa padombo nezvimedu uye chepuraimari zvokuvakisa. Sand ane zvinhu nokukurumidza kupfuura mvura, sezvo zvinenge rinoumbwa chete chinonyanya zvicherwa. Guruva rine yechipiri zvicherwa, kuzvimba kubva mvura - Fani iyi kunokonzera zvakadai ivhu zvivako sezvo stickiness uye plasticity. Ivhu Kuronga sludge zvinosanganisira yechipiri zvicherwa kubva nevhu. Ndivo kuzvimba zvikuru mvura, zvino regai kurasikirwa anenge asina mvura, hapana mhepo.

Kana nezvimedu vari wakaderedzwa kukura, muitiro anotanga weathering kwaizotevera inotungamirwa yechipiri zvicherwa - iri hydroxide resimbi, alumina, aluminosilicates uye carbonates pamusoro Ca, K, MG.

Ukuru zvemaziso zvinhu kukanganisa kwavo makemikari anoumba uye mumuviri zvivako. Naizvozvo, nokuziva Kuronga ivhu, unogona kuwana kubva chii ehupfumi nayo ane.

Yokumusoro ivhu horizons uye ivhu-nokuumba matombo pairi, zvichienderana zvokuimba mamiriro, akakamurwa:

• Sandy:

- akabatana;

- nokusazvibata.

• Loam.
• nevhu:

- rinorema;

- avhareji;

- mumapapu.

• loam:

- rinorema;

- avhareji;

- mumapapu.

unaku akasiyana ivhu, sezvamakaropafadzwa zviri ivhu chaiko, sei pfuma akadai ductility. Nechepakati zviratidzi siyana, nyika inogona kufamba kuva bhora kana tambo. Izvi zvinobatsira kuziva Texture ivhu mumunda. zita rayo kazhinji zvinoratidza ayo zvokuimba marongerwo. Somuenzaniso, imwe munhuwo matema ivhu rinorema loam.

Agronomic ehupfumi kuti nevhu inobvawo pane unaku yavo. Nyore kubata uye jecha loam, nokuti inonzi mumapapu. Mukupesana, loam nevhu zvine mukurumbira nokuda rinorema nokuda nematambudziko agronomic kurapwa. Zvisinei, ane zvimwe zvinovaka muviri uye manyowa, mukusiyana kune jecha uye jecha loam, uye saka vaiona kuti yakaorera.