How kukura truffles: zvigadzirwa, nhungamiro

Gadzira mishonga zvokudya - chiitwa migumisiro dziri nguva dzose ari kudiwa. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti mukana ave inonaka uye zviwanikwa chikafu vanhu vanoda mari nguva.

Vaya vanoda kuzvipira kugadzirwa zvirimwa chinowanzoitika kuteerera ichi zvisingawanzoitiki kuti nyika yedu, pfungwa imwe basa zvokurimwa, sezvo kurima truffles. Sei kukura truffles muchiRussia dzinongoitika ezvinhu uye anobatsira sei vangava kugadzirwa delicacy ichi?

"Golden Mushroom". Chili - zviri kunodhura?

Kana mumwe aripo chakuvhe asingadi kubhadhara aidhura zvikuru munyika, nokuti chili: mutengo 1 kg anoda kubva $ 500 kusvika $ 5000.

Uyezve, mhiri kwemakungwa hazvishamisi Auktionen, umo truffles vari kutengeswa, dai basa ounyanzvi. Zvichienderana siyana, unhu, uremu uye dzimwe parameters mari imwe "yendarama howa" anogona kusvika zvisina kufanira akakwirira zviuru zvakawanda euros.

Chokwadi, mukaravhani truffles vane shoma mukana kuva mapato zvakaenda dzakadaro. Uye mutengo zviri kudzika kudarika chakuvhe, iyo yakura zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza. Restaurants, zviripo izvo zvinosanganisira ndiro kubva "yendarama howa" nokuzvidira kutenga akura ari yecocoa chili. Price nokuti 1 kg zvibereko asingadi tyisidzira.

What chili chinodikanwa

Kutaura zvazviri, mhando dzakawanda notumwe. Asi haasi munhu wose ari dzakakodzera kudya. In kubika, shandisa maviri chete mhando. White, hunonziwo Piedmont - kupfuura isingawanzowanikwi uye zvinokosha. Inokura kunyanya Italy, uye zvakananga munzvimbo Piedmont, vakapa zita kuti pfungwa. The chakuvhe ane kusimba, kusimba hunonhuhwira uye zvinonaka kuravira. Zvinosuruvarisa truffles izvi zvinokura mumba hazvibviri.

Mumwe maonero - black, kana, sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi: Perigord chili. The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of chakuvhe - the eponymous nharaunda French. Nokuti kuti mutema chili hakusi capricious sezvo chena, uye anongokurukurwa kurima ari rabha, Perigord chili rinokura munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope, uyewo Russia uye Ukraine.

Kunze izvi zviviri, pane dzimwe dzinodyiwa mhuka. Somuenzaniso, Chinese kana chirimo. Asi vakawanda rabha kuti masutu matema. Naizvozvo, kana kutaura sei achikura truffles, kazhinji mupfungwa kunobva Perigord mhando.

Chili kurai Russia. Conditions nokuti kuwana chirimwa

emakore anoverengeka pakuongorora uye muunganidzwa truffles akabvumira zvinowana nzira yemaitiro mamiriro zvakafanira kuti vabudirire ikure chili rabha. Mabikirwo kukura truffles - asi yakaoma, inodhura, uye, Chikurukuru, refu muitiro. Kuti tiwane goho rokutanga achatora pane 5 makore nokungwarira vatarisire purazi. Zvaunofanira kuziva pamusoro sei kukura truffles? Pakutanga, kuti whimsical delicacy vakabata mberi uye akatanga kukura, zvinoda:

• dzakakodzera okunze uye kumhara nzvimbo;
• vadanana (muvhu);
• mycorrhiza.

Climatic uye kuzorodzwa unhu

Dzinodziya kwoushamwari okunze uye akatsiga pasi azvipire kunayisa - huru okunze zvinodiwa chili. Vanyoro chakuvhe havagoni kushivirira chero kupisa kana refu ekunze kuchitonhora.

Kupi uye sei kukudziridza truffles munyika yedu? Nokuti kugadzirwa zvakanaka wakanyatsokodzera nechepakati Russia - jeka uye kunyanya inopisa yechirimo, chitubu mvura uye ushamwari kwematsutso delicacy kuti vaizoitwazve kukura chakuvhe.

Kana risi nyika isina kurongwa, zvinokwanisika kukura truffles mudzimba. Munzvimbo iyi inofanira kunge zvakakwana yakakura, pamwe mwero unyoro uye yakatsiga tembiricha vanenge 22 inegumi.

Ivhu kuti chili papurazi

Nokuti ivhu iri kukura truffles, anorayira hapana zvishoma kumusoro. Kudiwa Murabhoritari kuongorora saturation ivhu zvinovaka muviri, senitrogen, carbon, madota, karusiyamu. Uyewo, ivhu pamusoro hakufaniri kubatwa mvura kukurwa kwevhu, uye panguva necheparutivi kwete kupfuura 15 inegumi. Urefu topsoil kunodiwa kwete masendimita asingasviki 30.

Asati kudyara hazvo Akaongorora asidhi-alkaline pakati nepakati, inova pasi kuti truffles. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa miedzo miviri nyore. A shoma ivhu kutorwa nzvimbo mhosva rabha, unofanira kuwedzera pane mudziyo pamwe chena vhiniga. Kana zvakaitwa - zvinyoronyoro shinyira chemhinduro, zvinondiremera kumusoro acidity. Chimwe bvunzo rinoitwa pachishandiswa litmus bepa, unotofanira vanoshamba muvhu. Pepa mukangodzoka mutema. Kusavapo chakadaro kuita kuri kukwana alkali. In ichi uye dzimwe nyaya mugove alkaline pamwero zviwedzerwe zvishoma nezvishoma nokuwedzera madota.

Mycorrhiza uye chakasimwa mizambiringa yakabva kumwe

mudzi symbiosis muti-shamwari uye chili unonzi "mycorrhiza". The chakuvhe rinokura pevhu pamusoro midzi yemiti Bunch of truffles 5-7. Wood zvinogara "vavakidzani" ayo ose anodiwa kuti kukura: makabhohaidhiretsi, amino acids, mavhitaminzi, uye zvimwe akagadzirwa zvinhu chokuita manakiro ehupfumi ari chakuvhe. Asi chili hausi chisvetasimba - mumwe symbiosis kunobatsira huni zvakazara mamineral phosphorus.

Kudyara mycelial chakuvhe mbeu zvinhu, zvinotora nzvimbo mumatanho dzakawanda.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pakachena muvhu akadyara mizambiringa yakabva kumwe chete mycorrhizal chakuvhe. Finished mizambiringa yakabva kumwe neutachiona mycelium chili, unogona chete kutenga. Uye kuti kusika kuzvipira mycorrhiza, mizambiringa yakabva kumwe zvinoda vadyidzani miti uye pasi zvakasikwa dzinogarisana pamusoro truffles, chirwere mycelium. Rhizome yekutapurira mycelium chili seedling kanenge vhiki mbiri inofanira kuchengetwa zvakakwana chena ezvinhu. Yakanga chete pashure kupatsanura varwere seedling anogona usimwe pakachena muvhu. Heano mazano:

• Panenge 70 masendimita matsime yakadzika akagadzira kudurura shoma mvura, ipapo akadyara muti mycorrhizal akafukidza nyika.
• Zvinoda kuti pave runodzivirira akapoteredza matsime mukati 40 cm. Izvi zvingava paiva nebindu firimu, dondo mashizha uye matavi, uswa.
• Inokosha: risingadiwi chirimwa miti zvakare pedyo nepedyo. The Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kumhara - 5 4 M Saka 1 hectare havazovi zvinopfuura 500 mycorrhizal zvirimwa.
• Asati pakudyara, hazvina zvakakodzera kushandisa wokuwedzera fetiraiza, kuitira kuti kukuvadza mycelium.

Mushure akaisa seedling mycorrhiza kusimbisa, unofanira kuva gore rose. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru chili ndiye wakasimba uye zvachose dzikamhara panguva mudzi.

Uyezve hanya wakadaro; zvinodikanwa kubvisa masora kunhivi kumhara, kwete kuti kukanganwa kusunungura chitubu uye aigara akamwisa miti donhwe nzira. Makatsemuka kuti angave achiumbwa muvhu, iva nechokwadi kuti vazadze nejecha.

Nguva yose ikure mizambiringa yakabva kumwe zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva nemakonzo, tsuro uye tupukanana. Uyewo, dzimwe nzvimbo, pamwe nemiti, vatsigiri kunogona kuva muti, pedyo izvo kukura cranky delicacy asingagoni. miti iyi vanoda kuchenesa.

Chii miti vanofanira kukura truffles

The yakanaka nemumwe kuti mycorrhiza ndiko momuoki. Asi panogona kuuya uye miti zvakadai yemiorivhi, Hazel, Sequoia, Beech, hornbeam, kana ipi maranjisi muchero.

Inokosha: chili categorically zvausingafaniri the willow, poplar, nemipaini, Chestnut, misipuresi! miti iyi iri miti hakufaniri kuva.

How kuwana chirimwa?

Kurimwa truffles ripen kumba kubva pakutanga uye kusvikira mukupera kwematsutso, uye uwandu notumwe kuti anogona vakaungana mune imwe nguva yakadaro - zvinofungidzirwa - 10 kana 15 makirogiramu por hectare.

Nemamwe michero yenyika chili zvakasiyana pakuti hazvina kukwana kudyara uye kukura. chakuvhe ichi ndechokuti tinofanira kutsvaka - chirimwa zvinogona kuvanzwa panguva kudzika masendimita anenge 30 pasi muvhu. Nani, Chokwadi, kokutanga, akamirira kutenga truffles mhuka zvikuru vakadzidziswa (imbwa kana nguruve) kuti anogona sniff kunze delicacy. Asi kana akadaro mubatsiri ari upfumi ikoko, pane zviratidzo shoma, pamusoro paunogona kuwana mhuri duku truffles:

• Munhuwi akaibva truffles mhuri shoma nguva dzose chinokwezva zvipembenene. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pamusoro nzvimbo "vanovanda" howa, nguva dzose weaving vakawanda midges.
• Grass achikura pamusoro chili, nenguva kuibvisa pamusoro chakuvhe anofa uye unoomesa.
• Nyika truffles akamutswa zvishoma.

How kuti achengetere yakaunganidzwa howa

Pasina mubvunzo, yakanakisisa chigadzirwa - dzichangobva kuchekwa, ndiko, mumwe kuti haana akaunganidzawo anopfuura rimwe zuva kare. Zvisinei, kana Implementation pakati chili madhishi kana kubika zvinonaka izvi zvinogona kuva zvishoma papera, kuchengetedza zvose zvakabikwa uye muviri zvivako zviri chakuvhe inotevera okuchengetera mitemo inofanira kutevedzerwa:

• Nguva dzose vanounganidza truffles pasina peeling kubvisa pasi, nokuti wakaita dzinongoitika mudziyo, asi akaputswa-kure chakuvhe kubva kukuvadza chiito zvigare uye kurasikirwa dzinongoitika yaigona kuravira;
• inotonhorera tembiricha okuchengetera (firiji);
• Professional chef vanokurudzira nzira iyi kuchengetedza rwokuzvarwa mwando chili: Brown howa akaputirwa greaseproof pepa nzvimbo mugaba pamwe yakaoma mupunga.

Saka, kunzwisisa zvakawanda sei achikura howa truffles, uye ndedzipi zvinhu pakushaiwa ichi kusika, tinogona kugumisa kuti avo kugadzirwa kwacho ndiko kusimba refu uye kudhura. Kunyange zvakadaro, rabha kuti delicacy ichi hachisi zvakajairika chete munyika dzeEurope, asi zvishoma kuwedzera muRussia. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena: bhizimisi hunobatsira, zvisinei chii. Chili, kamwe wakasimwa, fruiting akareba zvikuru, kusvika makore 30. Uye akapiwa mutengo uye namatunhu kudiwa, zvinonzi vanotarisirwa kuti vose mubhizimisi vacharipa mumakore okutanga kukohwa zvakanaka.