Rokurima inoratidzirwa wokutanga Russia ani uye kana rakarongwa uye kuitwa?

The pashoo wokutanga Russian dzakatanga muna XIX remakore. The initiator yawo rezvisikwa waiva Bazi Finance. Muna 1837 rakavambwa Ministry of State Property, izvozvo akaripawo ngwariro chaiyo kukura zvokurima. Wokutanga inoratidzirwa yekurima muRussia akabatsira kuti paumbwe dzinokosha zvido, kuwedzera incentives kuti kukura mhuka minda uye kurima.

Kugadzirira rokutanga kuratidza

Muna 1842 chevaux Nicholas I chaipiwa neShumiro State kupfimbwa agadzire kuratidzira, izvo zvichava vanoonekwa mabasa vokumaruwa rwokugadzira, zvipfuwo uye kurima. Panguva iyoyo, akatungamirirwa Bazi P. D. Kiselev, iye akataura kuti pakuratidza yokutanga Novorossiysk province. The chadzainyanya zvekuratidza panguva vaiva mhuka. Nicholas I akabvuma kuroorwa. Saka muna 1842 iye chirevo pamusoro nzira kuti kuratidzira mu Russia.

Wokutanga inoratidzirwa yekurima muRussia paaigadzirira vanyatsohuongorora, pachaunga chakafukidzwa zvizere. Muna January 1842, muna "Odessa Gazette" rakabudiswa zviri mutemo pamusoro pashoo. Muna February, zvose vakajairana pashoo mitemo, dzaiva nemapfumbamwe ndima. Papera chinguva, zvose kudzidza chirongwa yokudzokorora. Vakabvuma kuti pashoo chete Novorossiysk dunhu mhuka: nzombe nenzombe, namakwai, nemabhiza, mombe, nguruve. In July 1843 Nicholas I mvumo nhamba Medals kuti awarding zvakanakisisa kuvashanu. Rimwe divi yaiva mufananidzo wemhuka, mumwe - rakanyorwa segwapa, kuti award anoratidzwa neShumiro State Property.

The pashoo muna Odessa

Wokutanga inoratidzirwa yekurima muRussia muna 1843 yakavhurwa Odessa muna September. Panguva iyoyo vakazarura uye Mutsvene Cross akanaka, akanga repfumbamwe vachifarirwa nguva. Zvakananga munyaya kudzokorora Company vakagamuchira mhuka zvokurima of Southern District. Kubva dzeurongwa vechikamu pamusoro kwemasimba dzinovaraidza okutanga unogona kuona kuti vagari vose Odessa pameso kupa panguva chiitiko. Chiitiko ichocho rakaitirwa munzvimbo idzi kokutanga, uye zvose zvakanga zvichifadza vapupurire kujairika achimisa mhuka dzokumaruwa. Wokutanga inoratidzirwa yekurima muRussia haasati kwakamutsa vazhinji vechikamu asi zvaiva pachena zvose kuti chiitiko ichi zvichabatsira zvikuru kukura zvokurima. Pakarepo takasarudza kuti abate zvakafanana kuratidzwa pano uye gore rakatevera nokuda Novorossiysk mudunhu, sangano akaronzesa kuna Society of Agriculture. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Yaroslavl mudunhu mugore iroro akatora nzvimbo yekurima kuratidza.

Awarding pamusoro vakundi

Mushure wokutanga inoratidzirwa yekurima muRussia rakapera, yakatarwa mharidzo mibayiro kune vakundi. Magamba mhemberero iyi vakava mhuka dzokumaruwa. Izvi chiseko hunoshamisa Odessa, uye kunyange yose Russia haisati dzaunzwa saka pamwe chete nemazana pebhanhire. Chiitiko rava National yezororo vnesoslovnym. A nzvimbo chaiyo yakange yakashongedzwa mireza, vanhu vazhinji vakaungana pedyo nemugwagwa akanaka muzvivako. akanga verenga maminitsi Imperial Agricultural Society of migumisiro wemazuva matatu inoratidzirwa commissars "vezvinzvimbo zvakasiyana." Mhuka akagadza mibayiro, kutinhira mumhanzi akapfuura kumativi. Mushure ose Medals vakanga paakavapa, vakundi nemaruva, RIBBONS uye kutakurwa Fair. Pashure paizvozvo, mudungwe hoyerera mumigwagwa mikuru muguta, paakange yakakwaziswa anopa nevagari. Music yakarira zvose munzira.

tevera kuratidzira

Pashure kubudirira pakutanga kuratidzira muna 1845 Nicholas I rakaparidzirwa "murayiro mukuru". Chakarairwa kutendeutsa pashoo dzinovaraidza, vawedzere vanoratidza mamwe mabasa mune zvokurima. A guru basa racho rakaita Minister P. D. Kiselev, munguva pfupi iri akanga munyaya hwokurima muRussia. The Emperor akaziva kuti Zvakaitika pashoo inobatsira chaizvo kuti pave zvokurima, uye akarayira kuti Minister kuparadzira inoratidzirwa ruzivo mhiri Russia. Kubvira ipapo zviitiko zvakafanana akaitwa, kutanga Novorossiysk mudunhu, uye ipapo.

Kwemakore matanhatu mumakore 1843-1849 munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana hwacho yakanga yakarongwa uye vakabata zviitiko 23 zvakadaro. Panguva ino, akatora chikamu 5802 Exhibits vaimiririra 14 076 chinhu, mibayiro dzakakundwa 1918 kuvashanu. Uyo aimbotaurawo kuratidzira izvi? To mukuru pamwero varayirwa nevakuru vakuru vomunharaunda vanotaura vanhuwo zvavo. The Muushumiri 1849, rakavambwa mumaruwa nhanhatu (neimwe vanosanganisira 5-6 mumatunhu), iro rakatanga kubata dzose kuratidzira. All-Russian zvokurima uye handicraft mumaindasitiri inoratidzirwa yakarongwa 1849. Zvakaitika akawana chimiro zviitiko zvakadaro uye kukudziridza kwete chete rokurima nemauto asiwo handicraft, fekitari kugadzirwa.

The pashoo muSt Petersburg

Muna 1850, musi chirongwa pakati ari Free Economic Society Agricultural Exhibition yakarongwa St. Petersburg. Waiitwa mune chipo Central Exhibition Hall (aimbova munhandare yacho Life Guards chemazana chehondo). Kubvira ipapo, nokuda kwokuratidzwa muSt Petersburg vakatanga kushandisa kakawanda capacious chivakwa guru - playpens, ekzertsirgauzy dzoushe. The pashoo rinoratidza anenge 3000 Exhibits kubva zvose pamusoro Russia. Kushongedzwa of pashoo akapiwa kuti akitekiti Corsini. Pakati kadiki gazebo pamusoro mhando temberi yokumaruwa yaiva. Decorated ayo zvisote, miriwo, zvinomera, maruva, zvokurima midziyo pamwe. ngano anoratidza rakarongwa kekutanga, iyo vakakokwa vanhuwo zvavo vari mutambo zvipfeko Kurland, Vyborg uye Mogilev province. Exhibition mukati yakange yakashongedzwa sezvo dzinopisa zvinomera, zvakawanda miriwo, michero. Pedyo nayo rakarongwa maberere apo pashoo yakaitwa kekutanga-dray mabhiza.

The Moscow kuratidza

Imperial Moscow Society of Agriculture anoronga inoratidzirwa rokutanga munhandare muna 1846. Ipapo zvokurima inoratidzirwa muna 1852 akava chiitiko guru upenyu guta. Zvematongerwo akanga akasiyana chaizvo strata munzanga. Pazuva Arena wakapindwa zviuru akawanda vanhu. Chivako yakange yakashongedzwa nemaruva, dzezviyo, miriwo, michero. Mushanyi nomumwe akagara pamberi mepu yakakura kuti nezveaiuya European chikamu Russia. In pakuratidza ichi, kekutanga akatanga kushongedzera pakona unopinza Exhibits, apo exhibitors kupa avo vaita zvose pamusoro nyika. Kujairwa yaioneka "tende Eastern" pamberi zvakanga zviviri mannequin akapfeka National zvokupfeka: mountaineer uye vakadzi Caucasian. Akauya pano vari madhipatimendi kuvarimi, sericulture. Nokuti nguva yokutanga vakokwa vatorwa vakakokwa, izvo akaratidza vakohwi American.

History Enea

Panzvimbo paiva anezvimiti Ostankino, muna 1934 ari NKVD vakaparadzirwa wechigypsy musasa, uye pashure pemakore mana, paiva zvikuru akakurumbira nzvimbo pakati vashanyi guru - Agricultural Exhibition pa Enea. Maererano nenhamba, ndakashanyira pano mumwe nomumwe vanhu vasere panyika. History rezvisikwa akatanga II All-Union Congress of Collective Farm. Vakapinda nyaya Communist Party, uye mukuru inoratidzirwa komiti kwairatidzwa zvarayirwa nezviremera.

Kubatanidzwa kusarudzwa dzakanakisisa dziri All-Union Exhibition. Mumakore 1937-1938 mamiriro mapurazi, mumapurazi, MTS aitofanira zvimwe pamwero mukuru, musangano nevatungamiriri gadzira - nokuti 1938. Chaizvo nokuti ichi exhibitors panguva akaratidza aiva rakakura chitsama.

Popularity okurima inoratidzirwa muna USSR

Popularity pakati paruzhinji kwemasimba nebudiriro National Economy akava hombe. Kodzero kuitawo mairi vakashandisa nokuda 250 zviuru exhibitors. Exhibition Committee akasimbisa kuti vakundi mukuru mibayiro. Rakanga akaronga kupa chiuru dhigirii kwekutanga uye zviuru zvina zvitupa dzeboka rechipiri. Vakundi pakutanga dhigirii akapiwa motokari uye zviuru gumi rubles, wechipiri - zviuru zvishanu uye mudhudhudhu. To chikuru makuru uye zviduku Medals zviuru zvitatu goridhe uye makuru uye zviduku zvine zviuru gumi Medals sirivha zvakagadzirwa. Paivawo ronda Honor Book, izvo anonyora nomumwe kuhwina exhibitor, uye ake ose nokubudirira.

Construction Enea ari mumakore iwayo kupfuura yose chirongwa, iyo pave chinokosha mupiro Moscow mapurani. Exhibition guta inogarwa 136 hectares, kusanganisira mumapaki, madziva, zvivako 250.

Wokutanga inoratidzirwa yekurima kuRussia, iyo zuva inowira iri pakati XIX remakore Chokwadi, haana kuenda chero tichienzanisa ichi yose chirongwa, nesimba iri, kuvakwa muna XX remakore.

Huro Exhibition pakati Economic kubudirira

Exhibition guta vakagadzirira pakuvhurwa yose vanhu veSoviet. Takashanda pano zvakanakisisa yakanakisisa vanatenzi. Architects Geylfreh, Shuko, Chechulin Polyakov, zvivezwa uye monumentalists Motovilov Konenkov, Bubnov, Deineka nevamwe. Nyanzvi anopfuura zviuru zviviri rinotungamirirwa akitekiti Chernyshev.

Chiitiko musi pakuvhurwa August 1, 1939. Vaivapo panguva vatungamiri Soviet wehurumende. vanosvika All vakasangana akakurumbira chivezwa Fly "Mushandi uye Collective Farm Girl". Chiratidzo pashoo haana zvishoma akakurumbira Zvinoumba seboka varimi uye tarakita mutyairi akaramba musoro wake pamusoro nechisote yendarama nzeve. Nhamba akasimuka 50-mita-soro shongwe huru metende ari kuratidza. The huru Kusviba panguva Agricultural Exhibition yakange yakashongedzwa majasi zvombo zvose National chinoda. muhoro vasati vapinda akatambanudza nzvimbo akakura papurazi. A denderedzwa ndiyo metende kwavakanga yoga akapa ose chinoda, ndima, kumatunhu. chivakwa neimwe yakanga vaine mavambo, tsika vanhu imwe nyika. Ndafamba akapoteredza setende pane kunzwa kufamba munzvimbo huru nyika, kutangira kubva kuchamhembe latitudes kusvikira dzinopisa, kubva reBaltic kusvikira kuFar East. Kwazvo waiva nyika yedu, apo vose ndaidada kuva nayo.