The yakanakisisa mabasa Bulgakov: Nyora uye muchidimbu

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, vane zvakanaka mabasa vari munyaya iyi iri mabhuku upenyu USSR vakatora imwe yoga nzvimbo. Kunzwa mugari wenhaka kuti mabhuku tsika remakore rechi19, akanga zvakaenzana mutorwa uye magariro realism, kudyara dzematongerwe echiKomonisiti ari 1930s, uye mweya chains-garde kwacho, hunhu wokuRussia mabhuku 1920s. Writer nehasha satirical, zvinopesana zvinodiwa kusenza zvakafananidzwa mafungiro yavakwa kwenzanga itsva uye pokuchinja muna USSR.

Features yemunyori Weltanschauung

Mabasa Bulgakov airatidza maonerwo kuti vakadzidza munguva enhoroondo dismantling pamusoro pevatongi hurumende inoramba vakaita kuti tsika tsika. chinzvimbo ichi Takauyira chaizvo munyori, zvinyorwa ake vaisabvumirwa kudhinda. A chinokosha chikamu nhaka munyori uyu akauya kwatiri chete kuburikidza emakore pashure pokufa kwake.

Tinopa iwe zvinotevera mazita yakakurumbira mabasa Bulgakov:

- the enganonyorwa "The White Guard", "Tenzi uye Margarita", "Notes yomufi;

- nyaya: "Diaboliad", "The Mitambo Ine Eggs", "Mwoyo Dog";

- mutambo "Ivan Vasilievich".

The nganonyorwa "The White Guard" (Makore zvakasikwa - 1922-1924)

Mazita "yakanakisisa mabasa Bulgakov kuti" vhura "The White Guard". In ake nganonyorwa yokutanga Bulgakov rinorondedzera zviitiko nechokuita pakupera 1918, kureva nguva Civil War. Zvakaitwa chigadzirwa kunoitika muKiev, kutaura zvazviri, mumba, apo panguva iyoyo vaigara mhuri emunyori. Prototypes pakati shamwari, hama neshamwari dziri Bulgakov dzinenge vatambi vose. The muzvinyorwa mabasa vasina vapona, asi pasinei neizvi, mafeni ari yokufungidzira, vachitevera kutapwa magamba prototypes kuratidza chokwadi uye richaitirwa Mihailom Afanasevichem zviitiko.

Chikamu chebhuku "The White Guard" (Mikhail Bulgakov) yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1925 mumagazini inonzi "Russian". Fully basa yakabudiswa France makore maviri gare gare. Opinions vatsoropodzi havana pachisarudzo charakaita - kurutivi Soviet vasingagoni kugamuchira mbiri mukirasi vavengi munyori uye mubvakure - kuvimbika kuzviremera.

Muna 1923 Bulgakov akanyora kuti pave chigadzirwa yakadaro kuti "denga achava rapisa ...". "The White Guard" (Mikhail Bulgakov) akazoshanda seinokonzera nokuda akakurumbira mutambo "Mazuva turbines." Paivawo zvinoverengeka adaptations.

Ngano "Diaboliad" (1923)

Kuramba kutsanangura zvikuru nomukurumbira anoita Bulgakov. Izvi zvinosanganisira yokufungidzira "Diaboliad". Nyaya sei mapatya mumatongo mabharani, munyori pachena husingaperi dingindira iri "murume muduku", uyo waiva nedambudziko bureaucratic muchina simba Soviet, dzemwoyo Korotkov, Zvipikiri Munzeve, chokuita dhiabhorosi, rinoparadza. Adzingwa basa, asingakwanisi kukurira bureaucratic madhimoni mushandi pakupedzisira anoenda kupenga. A basa yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1924 ari Anthology rinoti "Nadra".

Nyaya "The Mitambo Ine Eggs" (gore pakagadzwa - 1924)

Mabasa Bulgakov inosanganisira yokufungidzira uye "The Mitambo Ine Eggs". Kuitika muna 1928. Vladimir Ipatievich Peaches, kwakajeka wemhuka anowana rakasiyana chakajairika: dzvuku chikamu chiedza chakarondedzera kunobatsira pamusoro tuvana - vanotanga kukura nokukurumidza uye kusvika size, zvikuru kupfuura zvavo "epakutanga." Pane drawback chimwe chete - humboo huri kunyanya dzinoratidzwa rakawedzera sehasha uye kukwanisa kuwanda.

Mumwe purazi, dzinotungamirirwa munhu wokupedzisira zita Rock, anosarudza kushandisa nokugadzirwa Persikov kudzorera uwandu zvipfuwo huku pashure Russia anoudzawo huku denda. Anotora kamera-anodyisa muzvinadzidzo, asi nokusaziva pane huku kuti iye garwe, nyoka uye mazai hunyoro. Zvinokambaira vakarangana kwavari, dzose bereka - vari kutamira kuMoscow, dzichitsvaira kure zvose munzira kwayo.

Zvarongwa basa iri inonyatsoratidza "zvokudya vanamwari" - a itsva rakanyorwa HG Wells, rakanyorwa naye 1904. Mariri, masayendisiti akagadzira upfu chinokonzera chinokosha kukura zvinomera uye mhuka. Somugumisiro kuedza muEngland pane hofori wasps uye makonzo, uye gare gare huku, akasiyana-siyana zvinomera, uyewo rudzi rwehofori.

Prototypes uye kwadzakabva nyaya "The Mitambo Ine Eggs"

Maererano inozvikudza philologist B. Sokolova, prototypes Persikov kunzi Aleksandra Gurvicha, yakakurumbira zvipenyu, uye Vladimir Lenin.

Sergey Lomkin kubviswa kwakavakirwa ra1995 firimu zita chete nemabasa, kusanganisira magamba kwakadaro uko uye mabasa "Tenzi Margarita" sezvo Voland (Mikhail Kozakov) uye katsi Bhehemoti (Roman Madyanov). Oleg Yankovsky sowakajeka airidza basa Professor Persikov.

Nganonyorwa "Mwoyo Dog" (1925)

Kokutanga nyaya iyi yakabudiswa muLondon uye muFrankfurt muna 1968. Muna USSR zvakanyorwa akaparadzirwa samizdat, uye chete muna 1987, mukuru bhuku.

Basa, zvakanyorwa kuti Bulgakov Mihail ( "Mwoyo Dog"), ane zvinotevera rangano. Kuitika 1924. Kuvshinov Filippovich Preobrazhensky, imwe chiremba inozvikudza inowana incredible kunoguma rejuvenation uye pamuviri rakasiyana kuedza - kuti kuvhiyiwa ndinobvisa imbwa womunhu pituitary. Bezdomny imbwa girobhu racho rinoshandiswa sokuedzwa mhuka, uye Clim Chugunkin mbavha vakafa mukurwa, chiri nhego anyatsoronga.

At Ball zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kuwa shinda, akatambanudza maoko nemakumbo, pane chiso chomunhu uye izwi. Purofesa Kuchinja achakurumidza vane Zvisinei, kuzvidemba pamusoro vakakwana.

Paunenge uchitenga kutsvaka rose mukamuri Mikhail Bulgakov muna 1926 zvakanzi akabata mupumburu "Mwoyo Dog" uye vakadzokera chete pashure chikumbiro nokuti Gorky.

Prototypes uye ingangova yakatorwa "Mwoyo Dog"

Vatsvakurudzi zhinji okugadzira zvinhu Bulgakov akatora maonero kuti munyori vanoratidzwa mubhuku iri Lenin (Chitarisiko), Stalin (balls), Zinoviev (mutevedzeri Zina) uye Trotsky (Bormental). Zvinonzi vakatenda, uyezve, kuti Bulgakov akafanotaura vakawanda udzvanyiriri kuti kwakaitika 1930s.

Alberto Lattuada, Italian firimu mukuru, muna 1976, ndokutora bhuku iroro zita firimu, umo chitarisiko muzvinafundo Max of Sydow anotamba. Special mukurumbira, zvisinei, izvi firimu kwadzakabva ndisina, mukusiyana kune iconic mufananidzo mukuru Vladimir Bortko, rakabudiswa muna 1988.

The nganonyorwa "Tenzi Margarita" (Makore 1929-1940)

Farce, satire, chakavanzika, zvokufungidzira, mufananidzo, dzorudo, ngano ... Dzimwe nguva sokuti chigadzirwa, iyo pave Mikhail Bulgakov kuti "Tenzi uye Margarita", rinobatanidza Genres zvose izvi.

Satani ari achinyepera Woland anotonga munyika yedu pamwe chete anozivikanwa naye zvinangwa, paakamira nguva nenguva mumisha yakasiyana-siyana nemisha. Kamwe, panguva chitubu rejenaguru, iye unowana amene muMoscow the 1930s - imwe nguva uye nzvimbo apo hapana anotenda muna Mwari kana Satani, vachiramba nezvokuvapo kwaJesu Kristu.

Vose avo vanouya neZvapupu Woland, kutevera zvakakodzera chirango yaingowanikwa nechimwe zvivi izvi: kudhakwa, pfumbamuromo, makaro, udyire, nhema, kusava nehanya, kutsvinyirwa, etc.

Gadzira imwe itsva pamusoro Pondiyo Pirato, Tenzi uri chinhu anopenga hupoteri, apo akadzingira kushoropodza kubva vamwe vanyori. Margaret, vatenzikadzi vake, chete kurota sei kuwana Tenzi uye kuidzorera kwaari. Azazello anopa wake tariro kuti hope ichi zvichaitika, asi musikana uyu ane kuva basa rimwe Woland.

History mabasa

The yepakutanga shanduro yokufungidzira ine rondedzero zvokunyama Woland, anoiswa pamusoro gumi mapeji akanyorwa nemaoko kuti vakasikwa Mikhail Bulgakov. "Tenzi uye Margarita", saka ine nhoroondo yacho. Chokutanga, Tenzi akadana Astaroth. Mune 1930s mumapepanhau Soviet uye venhau mushure Bamba Gorky rwakanga rwakakura musoro "Tenzi".

Maererano Elena Sergeevna, chirikadzi munyori Bulgakov asati afa akati mashoko aya pamusoro yokufungidzira ake "Tenzi Margarita": "Kuti kuziva ... kuziva."

Basa haina rakabudiswa kusvikira afa. It kutanga akauya kubatidza chete muna 1966, kureva makore 26 pashure pokufa musiki yayo, panzvimbo kutapudzwa shanduro, pamwe zvikwereti. The nganonyorwa pakarepo akawana mukurumbira pakati intelligentsia Soviet, zvokuti mukuru bhuku muna 1973. Makopi ikazobudiswazve mabasa manually, uye nokudaro anoparadzirwa. Elena akakwanisa kuchengeta zvinyorwa kwemakore ose aya.

kukurumbira Great akanakidzwa dzakawanda zvesimba inobva mabasa akaponesa Valeriem Belyakovichem uye Yuri Lyubimov, yakanga zvakare filmed naAlexander Petrovic uye Andzheya Vaydy uye yepaTV Vladimir Bortko uye Yuriya Kary.

"Chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nganonyorwa" kana "Notes rewakafa" (Makore 1936-1937)

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich akanyora mabasa kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1940. Bhuku "chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo yokufungidzira" akaramba konekwa. It pachinzvimbo Sergei Leontyevich Maksudova, mumwe munyori, inotiudza emunyori nyika uye yemitambo backstage.

November 26, 1936 atanga basa riri bhuku. Bulgakov papeji zvinyorwa yake kutanga mazita maviri: "chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo yokufungidzira" uye "Notes yemufi." The yokupedzisira yakanga kaviri akasimbisa navo.

Maererano nevaongorori vakawanda, yokufungidzira - kupfuura musoro chisikwa Bulgakov. Zvakange akasikwa iyoyo mweya, pasina yokunyora nokudhirowa, drafts uye padzimwe. mudzimai emunyori vakayeuka kuti, apo iye anoshanda manheru, achimirira murume wake kuti adzoke kubva usiku Bolshoi Theater, akagara pasi kuruoko padhesiki rake uye akanyora mapeji mashomanana basa iri, uye ipapo, vakaguta, vachidzipukuta nemaoko ake kubva kwaari.

Mutambo "Ivan" (1936)

The zvisikwa dzakakurumbira zvinosanganisira kwete chete enganonyorwa uye nyaya, asi unoitawo Bulgakov. Mumwe wavo, "Ivan", vakabayira yako kuteerera. Vanofungireiko wake anotevera. Nikolay Timofeev, imwe injiniya kuita muMoscow, mukamuri yake nguva muchina. Kana chivakwa maneja Bunsha anouya kwaari, anochinja kiyi, uye rusvingo haarambi pakati nemafurati. Akawana mbavha George Miloslavsky, vagere Shpak furati wokwake. An injiniya anozarura portal kuMoscow mumazuva remakore rechi16. Ivan Grozny, kwakavhundutsa, nenhokwe kupinda chipo, uye Miloslavsky Bunsha uye kudzokera munguva.

Nyaya iyi yakatanga muna 1933 apo Mikhail Mr akabvuma kunyora "mafaro kutamba" nenziyo horo. Pakutanga, mashoko inonzi zvakasiyana, "Bliss", izvozvo akaenda yeutongi yemberi nguva muchina, uye Ivan Grozny akaonekwa chiitiko chimwe chete.

Zvisikwa izvi, uyewo mamwe zvidimbu Bulgakov (pamazita inogona mberi), muupenyu hwake haana rakabudiswa uye haana kuisa kusvikira 1965. Leonid Gaidai muna 1973 kwakavakirwa mabasa akaita firimu ake akakurumbira anonzi "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes Basa".

Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinhu zvaakasika kuti akaita Mikhail Bulgakov. Mabasa Munyori uyu hakugumiri pamusoro. Mberi pakudzidza okugadzira zvinhu Bulgakov kunogona ishande uye nevamwe.