Russian nyanduri Futurist. Silver Age Futurist

Pakazopera gumi remakore rechi20 muWestern Europe chokutanga kuparadzira itsva modernist mirayiridzo nomukurukuri rinonzi "Futurism" (rakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin - "ramangwana").
Zvinonzi kuonekwa baba Italian munyori Filippo Marinetti, akadanidzira muna 1909, kuparadzwa kwakakwana zvose hwakagadzwa tsika uye tsika nemufananidzo kwenyika. Pane ari Futurist vadetembi akavhomora vaverengi 'pfungwa kutsanya aifamba upenyu nhasi, uye vaifarira kutaura zvakawanda nezvepasi. All mikuru gadziriro vari yakataurwa Manifesto, munyori wokutanga vavo uye vakatanga Marinetti.

Kutanga iwe idzva rakanga vavariro Futurists yepakutanga, zvose Europe uye Russia. Papera vanyori akatsigira vemifananidzo vanenge vatora sepokutangira mufananidzo munhu ari pakati dzekufambira mberi kwenyika, yokufananidzira achimiririrwa vakawanda geometric zvitarisiko.

Features Lyrics Futurists

The gamba mabasa itsva chains-garde mirayiridzo - mugari weguta ano, pamwe dynamism yayo, mukuru-kukurumidza, mijenya pamusoro midziyo uye magetsi, zvichiita kuti uwedzere nokukwana noupenyu. Lyrical "Ini" futurists kutsvaka rinopikisa kuti kutiza dzekare kare, izvo zvinoonekwa imwe Mindset kuti haadi kugamuchira nemitemo nemarongerwo, shoko inotungamirwa uye lexical kugarisana mashoko. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha vakadzinganiswa nomudetembi Futurist - kuratidza mafungiro ako uye kunzwisisa zviri kuitika kumativi neumwe mutowo yakakodzera munhu.

Inotungamirwa Russian chains-garde

MuRussia, mutsva kuitika anotanga kuoneka muna 1910. Iyi ndiyo nguva apo fuma mukurumbira, zhinji vadetembi of Silver Age. Futurists nokukurumidza pfungwa. Kuwedzera nevamwe muri muchimiro ndima (muzvinhu zvose), zvinonzi anosimudzirwa kukonzera kutaura scandalous pachena uye rwendo pamusoro pamaguta pakukura Russia.

Russian Futurism, mukusiyana kuna European, haana kwakakwana uye zvakasiyana heterogeneity. Pakati chains-garde groupings dzimwe nguva kuchengetwa kwenguva hasha gakava. Pane zviitiko apo Futurist vadetembi vakapfuura kubva nokushamwaridzana kune mumwe. Asi mukurusa kubudirira vachiri nzvimbo mbiri ichi kuitika: Moscow uye St. Petersburg.

Ini-Futurists

Kuchamhembe guta vadetembi innovators muna 1912 ivo vakaungana kumativi Ivan Ignatiev. Ivo chakazonzi Ini-Futurists pachavo, izvo zvaireva "Ini -. Remangwana" A aitungamirira nezvenzvimbo mudenderedzwa ichi akunda Igor Severyanin (Lotarev), ndiro gore yapfuura achidonongodza chikuru zviri zita chokutanga uye negwara idzva munhetembo. In ake pfungwa, "kuzvikudza pachake-simba zvose" anova simba pamberi iyo hapana anogona kumira. Zvakanga haana amenable kuti pacification, iyo yakasvika panhongonya kupemberera ayo, ukasha, ari maonero vadetembi, ndiyo chete yakarurama ndozvakajairwa.

Publisher "Petersburg mudanidziri" raiva pachikuva kubva zvakanga mudetembi Futurist. Lyrics of akasiyana idzva rokuti idzodzo uye kuchinjira kumamiriro Russian mutauro wokumwe mutauro, zvinganaka wokuGermany uye French ichiyevedza. Somugumisiro, okusika Ini-Futurists vawana maitiro, unenge usisina kutombofanana nhaka yavo Italian dzomuzana, vamire kwakatangira mashoko chains-garde muitiro mumabhuku.

"Gilea"

Siyanei St. Petersburg achirifananidza mafungiro vakananga waJudas chokwadi Moscow vadetembi-futurists. The Pamazita rinotanga nehama dzavo Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov. Ivo dzivisai "Ini" nechivimbo "isu" uye kuzivisa pachavo Cubo-Futurists. Pfungwa kuchikuva nokuti wakanga chokubatanidza "Gilea", yakaumbwa muna 1910 muMoscow.

Vakarangarira Midzi yake uye muchizvikudza vaipfeka zita "Russian Futurists". Vadetembi akaedza zvakaoma kuzvipatsanura kubva Italian navo, uye Khlebnikov akatovapa kupa mirayiridzo zita idzva - "budetlyanstvo" kuti kungasimbisa zvayo yokusiyana uye individualism. Zvakanga ipapo rakabudiswa scandalous Manifesto "nembama kumeso yavose kuravidza", pakarepo Akakwezva yose Russian intelligentsia. Izvi zvakateverwa zvinoshamisa zvesimba uye kutaura, umo Futurist vadetembi kwakakatyamadza vateereri pamwe chitarisiko chake uye madaro (funga Mayakovsky pamwe yake yakakurumbira tsvuku bhachi kana vadetembi kupendwa chiso). Vakashinga akatarira kwebhuku nhetembo dzavo, manifestos, zvirongwa uye kudhindwa pamusoro yekare Wallpaper, ipapo pamusoro wrapping bepa, uye kwete nguva dzose kuitira kuti aponese mari. Mumwe kuudzwa kwakakwana kuzvidza raivapo mabhuku dzemunharaunda uye kusikwa mashoko kujairika uye zvachose unconventional nzira chinyorwa formatting, asi, kuti zvingaita sezvakadaro, zvose izvi pashure inopiwa "vanodheerera" (sezvo vari anowanzonzi ari muvanhu) ruzha uye zvakakodzera zita "vadetembi vari Silver remakore. " Futurists "galea" zvakanaka akaiswa mumabhuku Russian uye vakabatsira wayo budiriro uye kuvandudzika.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

Mudetembi-echimurenga uye mupanduki - kazhinji akataura pamusoro yakakurumbira vamiririri Russian Futurism. At pakutanga 1912-1914 nguva muverengwe okusika nzira Mayakovsky. Uye ngozi kutaura kuti pfungwa chains-garde mirayiridzo vakaumba aesthetic manakiro Nyanduri uye kutsunga kutapwa yake mabhuku. Munguva maviri, vazhinji nechokwadi kuti Mayakovsky - nyanduri Futurist, sezvinoita kujairika nemarongerwo basa rake, rudzi kwemashoko inozivikanwa, shoko unoumba zvakawanda Copyright, dzinokatyamadza madimikira. All idzi mifananidzo werudzii Nyanduri vane midzi yavo mangwanani basa, achidana uye vachidanidzira. Uye pashure gumi pamwe zita rake zvikurukuru kunobatanidzwa mabasa Futurists.

Other chains-garde yokurera

Muna 1913 zvakatora chimiro "Mezzanine kuti Poetry" (B. Lavrenev, Shershenevich) uye "Lyrics", kubva inoganhura papera gore "Centrifuge" (Boris Pasternak, N. Aseev) (Uyewo dzimwe nguva inonzi futurists rechipiri ungano). Boka rokutanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa asi nokukurumidza. "Centrifuge" urwo rwakatora kusvikira 1917, kwaibva chaiwo okunyora tsika, organically kuabatanidza pamwe futuristic utsanzi. Zvisinei, uye ichi ndicho chikuru chinozivikanwa vadetembi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Boris Pasternak Somuenzaniso, munguva pfupi vabva munzvimbo iyi uye kwakaitika mabhuku yakazvimirira nhetembo.

Famous vadetembi of Silver Age Futurist

List vatenzi veshoko, anodzokororwa pane imwe neimwe pfungwa ake okusika pamusoro chains-garde, ndizvo chaizvo rakakura. Kubatanidzwa mabasa nevamwe Futurists raiva pfupi, nepo vamwe vakasara yechinangwa mirayiridzo yose basa. Heano vamiririri dzepamusorosoro hwemapoka vakasarudzwa.

Cubo-Futurists:

• Burliuks - havaoni;
• Khlebnikov - inspirer;
• Mayakovsky - chikuru unhu ane basa vakazoroorwa vakaenda kure mirayiridzo;
• Kruchenykh.

"Centrifuge":

• N. Aseev,
• Boris Pasternak,
• S. Bobrov.

Ini-Futurists:

• Muvambi - "Mambo Poets" J. wokuchamhembe,
• S. Olympus
• Ivanova,
• M. Lokhvitskaya.

"Mezzanine pamusoro Poetry":

• Shershenevich,
• S. Tret'yakov,
• R. Ivnev.

Rubezhnoe Wokutanga World War uye Revolution

Makore 1913-1914 - nguva ino yepamusoro kubwinya, izvo kusvika Futurists Russian. Vadetembi vave zvakanaka vakaziva ose mabhuku yeChina, vakaronga vazhinji kuratidzira, hurukuro, nhetembo manheru. Muna 1915, tiri kutaura pamusoro "rufu" pamusoro Futurism, kunyange zvazvo "Centrifuge" ariko anopfuura 2 years. Zvisaririra futuristic pfungwa dziri vakanzwa uye pashure pokuchinja makore 20: pakutanga gumi - ari mabasa vadetembi kubva boka Tiflis "41o", uye ipapo mundima oberiutov Petrograd. Vachiri kushanda "kuvandudzika" mutauro, kuchinja ayo lexical, syntactic, kwakajeka hurongwa.

Russian rezvedzidzo ukama kuti Futurism

The chidzoke rutsva negwara uye kunoshamisa zviito wevamiriri vayo vanovhomora pfungwa Russian intelligentsia. Vazhinji mashoko dzinopikisana panguva basa pacharo akanzwa pamusoro mudetembi Futurist. List vatsoropodzi anovhura kuzivikanwa apo symbolist Bryusov. Kuzvidzwa "innovators" akavaisa kunooneka munzira dzakawanda, "debited kubva Italian", uye mafungiro kutsika Russian tsika. Zvisinei, akaona pfungwa tsanga basa muMoscow uye St. Petersburg futurists uye akaratidza tariro kuti vanogona "kukura maruva." The huru nezvevakafa - kuti kufunga huripo zvakaitika Symbolists.

Isakarurama vakanzwisisa mudetembi itsva Ivan Bunin uye M. Osorgin, uglyadevshie basa ravo uye unhu hooliganism. Gorky, kusiyana, akaona chidzoke pakati Futurists mumabhuku Russian mune nenguva uye akakodzera chokwadi.